The federal electoral districts (Spanish: distritos electorales federales) of Mexico are the 300 constituencies or electoral districts into which the country is divided for the purpose of federal elections. Each district returns one federal deputy (diputado or diputada), who sits in the Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados), the lower house of Congress. An additional 200 deputies are elected by proportional representation from five electoral regions.
Electoral districts are identified by number and by federal entity (state or the capital). The number of electoral districts was set at 300 in 1979, when the number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies was increased from 196. The demarcation of the districts depends on the results of the previous census, and adjustments to the 1979 districts were made in 1996, 2005, 2017 and 2022.
Irrespective of population, no state may be represented by fewer than two electoral districts. This is the case with Baja California Sur (population: 798,447), Campeche (population: 928,363) and Colima (population: 731,391), which, as a result, return more senators than deputies to Congress. The states with the most electoral districts are the state of Mexico (population: 17.1 million), with 40, and Veracruz (population: 8.1 million), with 19. Mexico City, with a population of 9.2 million, has 22.
On 12 December 2022, the National Electoral Institute (INE) established the districts to be used in the 2024 and 2030 general elections, and the 2027 mid-term election, in accordance with the following criteria:[1]
- Each district to belong to only one federal entity.
- Balanced distribution of population between districts.
- Presence of Indigenous and Afrodescendent inhabitants (districts with 40% or more of those populations are styled "indigenous districts" and receive special prerogatives).[a]
- Geographical continuity.
- Travel times.
The new districting scheme was published in the Official Journal on 20 February 2023.[2]
Distribution of electoral districts
This map indicates the districts in each federal entity for elections between 2024 and 2030.[3]
Evolution of electoral district numbers
|
1974 |
1978 |
1996 |
2005 |
2017 |
2023
|
| Aguascalientes
|
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3
|
| Baja California
|
3 |
6 |
6 |
8 |
8 |
9
|
| Baja California Sur
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2
|
| Campeche
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2
|
| Chiapas
|
6 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13
|
| Chihuahua
|
6 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9
|
| Coahuila
|
4 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
8
|
| Colima
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2
|
| Durango
|
4 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
4
|
| Guanajuato
|
9 |
13 |
15 |
14 |
15 |
15
|
| Guerrero
|
6 |
10 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
8
|
| Hidalgo
|
5 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7
|
| Jalisco
|
13 |
20 |
19 |
19 |
20 |
20
|
| Mexico City (Federal District)
|
27 |
40 |
30 |
27 |
24 |
22
|
| State of Mexico
|
15 |
34 |
36 |
40 |
41 |
40
|
| Michoacán
|
9 |
13 |
13 |
12 |
12 |
11
|
| Morelos
|
2 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5
|
| Nayarit
|
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3
|
| Nuevo León
|
7 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
14
|
| Oaxaca
|
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
10
|
| Puebla
|
10 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
15 |
16
|
| Querétaro
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
6
|
| Quintana Roo
|
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
4
|
| San Luis Potosí
|
5 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7
|
| Sinaloa
|
5 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
7 |
7
|
| Sonora
|
4 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7
|
| Tabasco
|
3 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6
|
| Tamaulipas
|
6 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
8
|
| Tlaxcala
|
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3
|
| Veracruz
|
15 |
23 |
23 |
21 |
20 |
19
|
| Yucatán
|
3 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
6
|
| Zacatecas
|
4 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
4
|
| Chamber of Deputies
|
196 |
300
|
| Sources: [1][4][5][6]
|
Electoral districts by state
Aguascalientes
Baja California
Baja California Sur
Campeche
Chiapas
Chihuahua
Coahuila
Colima
Durango
Guanajuato
| District |
Head town
|
| First federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
San Luis de la Paz
|
| Second federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
San Miguel de Allende
|
| Third federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
León
|
| Fourth federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
Guanajuato
|
| Fifth federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
León
|
| Sixth federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
León
|
| Seventh federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
San Francisco del Rincón
|
| Eighth federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
Salamanca
|
| Ninth federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
Irapuato
|
| Tenth federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
Uriangato
|
| Eleventh federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
León
|
| Twelfth federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
Celaya
|
| Thirteenth federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
Valle de Santiago
|
| Fourteenth federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
Acámbaro
|
| Fifteenth federal electoral district of Guanajuato |
Irapuato
|
| The 16th to 18th districts have been defunct since 1930
|
Guerrero
Hidalgo
Jalisco
| District |
Head town
|
| First federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Tequila
|
| Second federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Lagos de Moreno
|
| Third federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Tepatitlán
|
| Fourth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Zapopan
|
| Fifth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Puerto Vallarta
|
| Sixth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Nuevo México
|
| Seventh federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Tonalá
|
| Eighth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Guadalajara
|
| Ninth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Guadalajara
|
| Tenth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Zapopan
|
| Eleventh federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Guadalajara
|
| Twelfth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Santa Cruz de las Flores
|
| Thirteenth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Tlaquepaque
|
| Fourteenth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Tlajomulco de Zúñiga
|
| Fifteenth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
La Barca
|
| Sixteenth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Tlaquepaque
|
| Seventeenth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Jocotepec
|
| Eighteenth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Autlán de Navarro
|
| Nineteenth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Ciudad Guzmán
|
| Twentieth federal electoral district of Jalisco |
Tonalá
|
| The 21st to 23rd districts have been defunct since 1930
|
Mexico City
State of Mexico
Michoacán
Morelos
Nayarit
Nuevo León
Oaxaca
Puebla
Querétaro
Quintana Roo
San Luis Potosí
Sinaloa
Sonora
Tabasco
Tamaulipas
| District |
Head town
|
| First federal electoral district of Tamaulipas |
Nuevo Laredo
|
| Second federal electoral district of Tamaulipas |
Reynosa
|
| Third federal electoral district of Tamaulipas |
Río Bravo
|
| Fourth federal electoral district of Tamaulipas |
Heroica Matamoros
|
| Fifth federal electoral district of Tamaulipas |
Ciudad Victoria
|
| Sixth federal electoral district of Tamaulipas |
Ciudad Mante
|
| Seventh federal electoral district of Tamaulipas |
Ciudad Madero
|
| Eighth federal electoral district of Tamaulipas |
Tampico
|
| Ninth federal electoral district of Tamaulipas |
Defunct since 2023
|
Tlaxcala
Veracruz
Yucatán
Zacatecas
See also
Notes
- ^ The 2022 districting process identified 44 such districts, up from 28 in 2007.[1]
References