2028 in spaceflight

2028 in spaceflight
The rotorcraft Dragonfly probe to Titan is planned to be launched in 2028.
2028 in spaceflight

This article documents expected notable spaceflight events during the year 2028.

NASA plans to launch Dragonfly, a robotic rotorcraft probe which will explore Saturn's moon Titan.[1]

NASA plans to launch Artemis 4. The first to use SLS Block 1B.

Russia expects to launch the Luna 27 lunar lander in 2028.

Chang'e 8, the last mission before China’s moon base begins construction, is planned to launch.

The first uncrewed flight of Orel, Russia's replacement for the crewed Soyuz spacecraft, is scheduled for 2028.

India plans to launch the first module for the Bharatiya Antariksha Station in 2028.[2] India also plans to launch the Chandrayaan-4 and LUPEX lunar missions.

ESA expects to launch the Rosalind Franklin rover to Mars on an American commercial launch vehicle.[3]

Orbital launches

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks


March

29 March [4] LVM3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Venus Orbiter Mission (Shukrayaan) ISRO Cytherocentric Venus orbiter  
Q1 (TBD)[5][6] H3 Tanegashima LA-Y2 MHI
MBR Explorer UAESA Heliocentric Asteroid flyby and landing  
Emirates Mission to the Asteroid Belt (EMA).

April

April (TBD)[7] TBA TBA TBA
Ramses ESA Heliocentric Asteroid flyby  
Flyby of 99942 Apophis.


June

Q2 (TBD)
[8] 		Falcon 9 Block 5 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
TBA TBA Geosynchronous TBA  
Dedicated SmallSat Rideshare mission to GTO orbit by SEOPS (SEOPS GTO Rideshare 1).

July

5–25 July[1] Falcon Heavy Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
Dragonfly NASA Heliocentric (to Saturn) Exploration of Titan  
Rotorcraft probe to fly in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan.
July (TBD)[11] Epsilon S Uchinoura JAXA
Solar-C EUVST JAXA Low Earth (SSO) Heliophysics  
Extreme Ultraviolet High-Throughput Spectroscopic Telescope Epsilon Mission.[9][10]

August

August (TBD)[12] TBA TBA TBA
SAOCOM-2A CONAE Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  

September

September (TBD)[15] SLS Block 1B Kennedy LC-39B NASA
Artemis 4 NASA Selenocentric (NRHO) Crewed Gateway expedition
Crewed lunar landing		  
International Habitation Module (I-HAB) ESA Selenocentric (NRHO) Lunar Gateway component  
Third crewed Orion flight, second Artemis lunar landing, and first lunar landing with 4 crew members.[13] First launch of the SLS Block 1B variant with the Exploration Upper Stage. Delivery of I-HAB to the Lunar Gateway.[14]
Q3 (TBD)[16] Ariane 64 Kourou ELA-4 Arianespace
TBA TBA Geosynchronous TBA  
Multi-Launch Service (MLS) #3 rideshare mission.

October

October (TBD)[18] TBA Kennedy TBA
TBA ESA TMI to Martian surface Mars lander  
Rosalind Franklin ESA TMI to Martian surface Mars rover  
ExoMars mission. Delayed and retooled due to the suspension of ESA–Russia cooperation on ExoMars.[17]

December

December (TBD) [19][20] Amur / Fregat-M Vostochny Site 2A Roscosmos
GVM-M Roscosmos Low Earth Mass simulator  
Sfera × ?[21] Roscosmos Low Earth Communications  
Maiden flight of Amur (Soyuz-7), a partially reusable methane-powered launch vehicle.
Q4 (TBD)
[22] 		TBA Cape Canaveral TBA
MTO NASA Areocentric Mars Orbiter  
Q4 (TBD)[23][24] Falcon 9 Block 5 TBA SpaceX
GRACE-C1 NASA / DLR Low Earth (Polar) Gravimetry  
GRACE-C2 NASA / DLR Low Earth (Polar) Gravimetry  
Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment-Continuity (GRACE-C).
Q4 (TBD)[25][26] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
CRISTAL (Sentinel-9) ESA Low Earth (Polar) Earth observation  
Part of the European Space Agency's Copernicus Programme.

To be determined

2028 (TBD)
[27][28] 		Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Plesetsk Site 43 RVSN RF
Kosmos
(GLONASS-K2 28L (K2 №7)) 		VKS Medium Earth Navigation  
2028 (TBD)
[27][29] 		Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Plesetsk Site 43 RVSN RF
Kosmos
(GLONASS-K2 29L (K2 №8)) 		VKS Medium Earth Navigation  
2028 (TBD)
[27][30] 		Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Plesetsk Site 43 RVSN RF
Kosmos
(GLONASS-K2 30L (K2 №9)) 		VKS Medium Earth Navigation  
2028 (TBD)[31] Angara A5 Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Luna 27 №1 Roscosmos TLI to lunar surface Lunar lander  
Third mission of Luna-Glob Programme.
2028 (TBD)[31] Angara A5 Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Luna 27 №2 Roscosmos TLI to lunar surface Lunar lander  
Backup lander of Luna 27 Lunar landing Mission.
2028 (TBD)[32][33] Angara A5 Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Orel Roscosmos Low Earth Flight test  
First uncrewed test flight of Russia's new crewed spacecraft, Orel. First launch of Angara A5 from Vostochny.
2028 (TBD)[32][35] Angara A5P Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Orel Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Flight test  
First flight of the Angara A5P, a crew-rated variant of the Angara A5.[34] An uncrewed Orel capsule will be sent to the International Space Station to test docking procedures.
2028 (TBD)[32][36][34] Angara A5P Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Orel Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Crewed flight test  
Crewed flight test of the Orel capsule to the International Space Station.
2028 (TBD)
[37] 		Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Vostochny Site 1S Roscosmos
Progress-ROS Roscosmos Low Earth (ROS) TBA  
Cargo flight to ROS.
2028 (TBD)
[38] 		Angara A5M Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Orel-ROS Roscosmos Low Earth (ROS) TBA  
Crewed flight to ROS.
2028 (TBD)[39][40] Ariane 62 or Vega-C[41] Kourou ELA-4 or ELV Arianespace
ROSE-L (Sentinel-12) ESA Low Earth (Polar) Earth observation  
Part of the European Space Agency's Copernicus Programme.
2028 (TBD)[42][43] Epsilon S Uchinoura JAXA
JASMINE JAXA / NAOJ Low Earth (SSO) Astrometric observatory  
2028 (TBD)[45] Falcon 9 Block 5 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
Al Yah 5 Yahsat Geosynchronous Communications  
Replacement for Yahsat 1B (Al Yah 2).[44]
2028 (TBD)[46] Falcon Heavy Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
GPS IIIF-03 (GPS III-13) U.S. Space Force Medium Earth Navigation  
USSF-15 Mission.
2028 (TBD)
[47] 		Falcon Heavy Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
EchoStar-26 EchoStar Geosynchronous Communications  
2028 (TBD)[15][48] Falcon Heavy Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
SpaceX GLS-1 SpaceX / NASA Selenocentric (NRHO) Gateway logistics  
First Lunar Gateway resupply mission, using the Dragon XL logistics module.
JFY 2028 (TBD)[49] H3 Tanegashima LA-Y2 JAXA
DESTINY+ JAXA Heliocentric Asteroid flyby  
Aims to conduct a flyby of 3200 Phaethon in 2030.
2028 (TBD)[50] H3 Tanegashima LA-Y2 MHI
Himawari 10 JMA Geosynchronous Meteorology  
2028 (TBD)[51] H3 Tanegashima LA-Y2 MHI
LUPEX Lander ISRO TLI to lunar surface Lunar lander  
LUPEX Rover JAXA TLI to lunar surface Lunar rover  
Lunar Polar Exploration (LUPEX) Mission. It is also Known as Chandrayaan-5.
2028 (TBD)[52] Long March 5 Wenchang LC-1 CASC
Chang'e 8 Lander CNSA Selenocentric to lunar surface Lunar lander
ISRU demonstration		  
Chang'e 8 Rover CNSA Selenocentric to lunar surface Lunar rover  
TBA SUPARCO / CNSA Selenocentric to lunar surface Lunar rover  
TBA TBA / CNSA Selenocentric to lunar surface Lunar rover  
2028 (TBD)
[53] 		TBA Satish Dhawan ISRO
Exoworlds ISRO Low Earth Visible Astronomy  
2028 (TBD)[2] LVM3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Bharatiya Antariksha Station-B1 ISRO Low Earth Space station module  
First module for ISRO's Bharatiya Antariksha space station.
2028 (TBD)[54] HLVM 3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Gaganyaan-5 / H2 ISRO Low Earth Crewed spaceflight  
India's second crewed spaceflight.
2028 (TBD)[55] HLVM 3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Gaganyaan-6 / G4 ISRO Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics  
India's first resupply mission to ISS.
2028 (TBD)[55] HLVM 3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Gaganyaan-7 / G5 ISRO Low Earth (BAS) Resupply Spacecraft  
India's first resupply mission to BAS.
2028 (TBD)[56] Long March 4B Taiyuan LC-9 CASC
CBERS 6 CASC / INPE Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[57] Long March 4B Taiyuan LC-9 CASC
HaiYang 2N Ministry of Natural Resources Low Earth Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[57][58] Long March 4B TBA CASC
HaiYang 3C[59] Ministry of Natural Resources Geosynchronous Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[57][58] Long March TBA TBA CASC
HaiYang 3D[60] Ministry of Natural Resources Geosynchronous Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[57] Long March TBD TBA CASC
Fengyun 4E CMA Geosynchronous Meteorology  
2028 (TBD)[57] Long March TBD Wenchang CASC
Fengyun 5C CMA Geosynchronous Meteorology  
2028 (TBD)[61] Long March TBD Wenchang CASC
Lunar Remote Sensing CMSA Selenocentric Earth observation  
2028 (TBD)[62] LVM3 SC Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Chandrayaan-4 Propulsion Module ISRO Selenocentric Lunar sample-return  
Chandrayaan-4 Lander Module ISRO TLI to lunar surface Lunar lander  
Chandrayaan-4 Ascender Module ISRO TLI to lunar surface Space rendezvous  
First of two LVM3 SC for ISRO's Chandrayaan-4 Lunar Sample-return Mission. Chandrayaan-4 Propulsion, Lander and Ascender Modules.
2028 (TBD)[62] LVM3 SC Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
Chandrayaan-4 Transfer Module ISRO Selenocentric Space rendezvous  
Chandrayaan-4 Re-entry Module ISRO Selenocentric Lunar sample-return  
Second of two LVM3 SC for ISRO's Chandrayaan-4 Lunar Sample-return Mission. Chandrayaan-4 Transfer and Re-entry Modules.
2028 (TBD)[63] PSLV-XL Satish Dhawan ISRO
Relay Mars Orbiter ISRO Areocentric Mars orbiter  
Mars Lander Mission (Mangalyaan 2).
2028 (TBD)[63] LVM 3 Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
MLM Lander ISRO Areocentric to Martian Surface Mars lander  
MLM Rover ISRO Areocentric to Martian Surface Mars rover  
MLM Helicopter ISRO Areocentric to Martian Surface Mars Helicopter  
Mars Lander Mission (Mangalyaan 2).
2028 (TBD)[64] New Glenn Cape Canaveral LC-36 Blue Origin
Habitat One (Hab-1)[65] Axiom Space Low Earth Space habitat  
Second Axiom Station module to be launched, nominally on New Glenn (with Falcon Heavy as backup).
2028 (TBD)[66] Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat Vostochny Site 1S Roscosmos
RBKA №1 Roscosmos / Belarus Low Earth Earth observation  
RBKA will follow in the footsteps of BKA (Belarusian Satellite) launched along with Kanopus-V 1 and several other satellites in July 2012.
2028 (TBD)[67] Starship TBA SpaceX
Starlab Starlab Space Low Earth Space station  
Starlab Space is a joint venture between Voyager Space (Nanoracks) and Airbus.
2028 (TBD)[68] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
MERLIN CNES / DLR Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation of atmospheric methane  
2028 (TBD)[25] Vega-C[69] Kourou ELV Arianespace
Sentinel-2D[70] ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
Fourth Sentinel-2 satellite.
2028 (TBD)[25] Vega-C[69] Kourou ELV Arianespace
Sentinel-3D[71] ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
Fourth Sentinel-3 satellite.
2028 (TBD)[16] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
TBA TBA Low Earth TBA  
SSMS #19 rideshare mission.
2028 (TBD)[16] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
TBA TBA Low Earth TBA  
Small Satellites Mission Service (SSMS) #18 rideshare mission.
2028 (TBD)[72] TBA TBA TBA
Blue Ghost M3 NASA / Firefly TLI to lunar surface Lunar lander  
Elytra Dark Firefly Selenocentric Lunar orbiter  
Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) mission delivering payloads to the Gruithuisen Domes.
2028 (TBD)[73][74] TBA Baikonur or Vostochny Roscosmos
Ekspress-40 RSCC Geosynchronous Communications  
Replacement for Ekspress-AM7 at 40° East.
2028 (TBD)
[75] 		TBA Cape Canaveral TBA
HelioSwarm Hub NASA Low Earth Research  
HelioSwarm Node × 8 NASA Low Earth Research  
2028 (TBD)[76] TBA TBA TBA
Genesis ESA Low Earth Satellite geodesy  
Aims to greatly improve the International Terrestrial Reference Frame.
2028 (TBD)[77] TBA TBA TBA
Nyx The Exploration Company Low Earth Reusable spacecraft  
Demonstration mission for The Exploration Company's reusable cargo spacecraft, Nyx.


Suborbital flights

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
March (TBD)[78] Improved Orion Esrange MORABA / SNSA
REXUS-39 DLR / SNSA Suborbital Education  
March (TBD)[78] Improved Orion Esrange MORABA / SNSA
REXUS-40 DLR / SNSA Suborbital Education  
October (TBD)[78] Red Kite/Red Kite Esrange MORABA
MAPHEUS-19 DLR Suborbital Microgravity research  
November (TBD)[78] VSB-30 Esrange MORABA
TEXUS-65 DLR / ESA Suborbital Microgravity research  
November (TBD)[78] VSB-30 Esrange MORABA
TEXUS-66 DLR / ESA Suborbital Microgravity research  

Deep-space rendezvous

Date (UTC) Spacecraft Event Remarks
18 April 2028 Lucy Flyby of asteroid 11351 Leucus Target altitude 1000 km
June 2028 Hayabusa2 Flyby of Earth[79] Gravity assist
11 November 2028 Lucy Flyby of asteroid 21900 Orus Target altitude 1000 km

Extravehicular activities (EVAs)

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks

Orbital launch statistics

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.


Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures
World 0 0 0 0

By rocket

By family

Family Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By type

Rocket Country Family Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By configuration

Rocket Country Type Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By spaceport

Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By orbit

Orbital regime Launches Achieved Not achieved Accidentally
achieved 		Remarks
Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0
Low Earth 0 0 0 0
Geosynchronous / transfer 0 0 0 0
Medium Earth 0 0 0 0
High Earth 0 0 0 0
Heliocentric orbit 0 0 0 0 Including planetary transfer orbits

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Generic references:
Spaceflight portal
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