List of shipwrecks in July 1861

The list of shipwrecks in July 1861 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during July 1861.

1 July

List of shipwrecks: 1 July 1861
Ship State Description
Cleopatra Unknown Carrying a cargo of lumber from Puget Sound in Washington Territory to San Francisco, California, the bark burned in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California.[1]

2 July

List of shipwrecks: 2 July 1861
Ship State Description
Cataline Confederate States of America The 391-ton sidewheel paddle steamer burned at Fort Monroe, Virginia.[2]
Stad Vlissingen Netherlands The ship foundered off Loosduinen, South Holland with the loss of all but one of her crew. She was on a voyage from the River Tyne to Rotterdam, South Holland.[3]

3 July

List of shipwrecks: 3 July 1861
Ship State Description
Anne  United Kingdom The whaler was crushed by ice and sank in the Davis Straits. Her crew survived.[4][5]
Golden Rocket United States American Civil War: The 607- or 690-ton bark was on a voyage from Havana to Cienfuegos, Cuba, when the merchant raider CSS Sumter ( Confederate States Navy) captured her in the Caribbean Sea off Cape Corrientes, Cuba, and burned her 10 to 12 nautical miles (18.5 to 22.2 km) west-southwest of Isla de Pinos.[6][7][8]
Victory United Kingdom Soon after departing Port Chalmers, New Zealand, the steamer was wrecked at 45°50′33″S 170°43′56″E / 45.8425°S 170.7321°E / -45.8425; 170.7321 on the southern end of a beach that became known as Victory Beach.

4 July

List of shipwrecks: 4 July 1861
Ship State Description
Edward Hill United States The barque was severely damaged by fire at Boston, Massachusetts.[9]
Lumdano  United Kingdom The ship caught fire and sank at Boston. She was on a voyage from Trinidad de Cuba, Cuba to Queenstown, County Cork. The severely damaged vessel was refloated on 19 July.[10]
Mystery United States The barque caught fire and sank at Boston. The severely damaged vessel was refloated on 19 July.[9][10]
Quindoro  United Kingdom The schooner was destroyed by fire at Boston. She was on a voyage from Trinidad to Cork.[9]

5 July

List of shipwrecks: 5 July 1861
Ship State Description
Live Yankee United States The ship was wrecked at "St. Cosmell".[11] At least thirteen crew survived.[12]
Robert  United Kingdom The ship was driven ashore and wrecked on Seskar, Russia.[13]

6 July

List of shipwrecks: 6 July 1861
Ship State Description
HMS Aboukir  Royal Navy The Albion-class ship of the line ran aground on Yeusta Skerry. Subsequently refloated, repaired and returned to service.[14]

8 July

List of shipwrecks: 8 July 1861
Ship State Description
Berlin City United States The 74-ton sidewheel paddle steamer was stranded at Oshkosh, Wisconsin.[15]
Iola Wyllie United States The barque collided with the steamship Beaver ( United Kingdom and sank in the English Channel off Dungeness, Kent, United Kingdom. Iola Wyllie was on a voyage from Bordeaux, Gironde, France to Husum, Sweden.[16][17]

9 July

List of shipwrecks: 9 July 1861
Ship State Description
Tom Hicks Confederate States of America American Civil War, Union blockade: The 27-ton schooner, bound for Port Lavaca, Texas, with a cargo of lumber, was captured and destroyed in the Gulf of Mexico off Galveston, Texas, by the armed screw steamer USS South Carolina ( United States Navy).[7][18]
Wonder  United Kingdom The paddle steamer struck a floating log in the River Thames at Greenwich, Kent and sank. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from London to the Nore.[19]

10 July

List of shipwrecks: 10 July 1861
Ship State Description
Beatrice United States The ship departed from Cardiff, Glamorgan, United Kingdom for Hong Kong. No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[20]
Nymph  United Kingdom The brigantine was driven ashore in Loch Inshart. She was on a voyage from Loch Carron to the River Tyne.[21]
Testimonial  United Kingdom The barque ran aground off Ras Hafun, Africa. She was on a voyage from South Shields, County Durham to Aden. She was refloated but was consequently beached between Ras Hafun and Cape Guardafui, where she was wrecked and plundered by the local inhabitants. Six crew were rescued, the remainder were reported missing.[22]

11 July

List of shipwrecks: 11 July 1861
Ship State Description
Randal S. Smith United States Carrying a cargo of coal, the schooner was wrecked on Block Island off the coast of Rhode Island.[23]

12 July

List of shipwrecks: 12 July 1861
Ship State Description
Bommelenvord Flag unknown The ship struck a rock 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) from Swatow, China and was wrecked. She was on a voyage from Swatow to Shanghai, China.[24]
Protezione  Italy The barque was run down and sunk east of Gibraltar by the barque Nestor ( United States). Her crew were rescued by Nestor. Protezione was on a voyage from Brăila, Ottoman Empire to Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom.[13][9]

13 July

List of shipwrecks: 13 July 1861
Ship State Description
Amy United States The ship was driven ashore in Chesapeake Bay.[25]
George Smith  United Kingdom The ship ran aground on the Mittelgrund. She was on a voyage from Cronstadt, Russia to London. She was refloated with assistance from the steamship Scandinavian (Flag Unknown).[21]
Louise Cecilie Denmark The ship was driven ashore at Orfordness, Suffolk, United Kingdom. She was on a voyage from London to South Shields, County Durham, United Kingdom. She was refloated and resumed her voyage.[26]

14 July

List of shipwrecks: 14 July 1861
Ship State Description
Sir Robert Preston  United Kingdom The schooner was driven ashore at Cambois, Northumberland. She was on a voyage from South Shields, County Durham to Perth. She was refloated and taken in to Blyth, Northumberland.[26]

15 July

List of shipwrecks: 15 July 1861
Ship State Description
Java  United Kingdom The ship foundered off the Copeland Islands, County Down. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Anstruther, Fife.[9]
Lady Sarah  United Kingdom The ship was wrecked near Burgeo, Newfoundland, British North America. She was on a voyage from Cartagena, Spain to Quebec City, Province of Canada, British North America.[26][21][27]

16 July

List of shipwrecks: 16 July 1861
Ship State Description
Linwood United States Carrying a cargo of coffee from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to New York City, the barque was wrecked on the coast of North Carolina 6 miles (10 km) north of Cape Hatteras, Confederate States of America.[28] Her crew were rescued.[29]

17 July

List of shipwrecks: 17 July 1861
Ship State Description
Blarney  United Kingdom The yacht was run into and sunk by the steam yacht Empress ( United Kingdom at Kingstown, County Dublin. Her crew survived.[30]

18 July

List of shipwrecks: 18 July 1861
Ship State Description
Favorite Confederate States of America American Civil War, Union blockade: The schooner sank in the Potomac River at Piney Point, Maryland, either because she sprang a leak or because she collided with another vessel. She had been captured on 14 July in the Yeocomico River in Virginia by the gunboat USS Resolute, the sidewheel tug USS Yankee, and three boats from the sloop-of-war USS Pawnee (all  United States Navy).[7][31]
Janet  United Kingdom The ship was wrecked on the west coast of Newfoundland, British North America. She was on a voyage from Cartagena, Spain to Quebec City, Province of Canada, British North America.[32]
Mary  United Kingdom The ship sprang a leak and was beached on the Cleness Sand, in the North Sea off the coast of Lincolnshire. She was refloated on 24 July and taken in to Grimsby, Lincolnshire.[27]

19 July

List of shipwrecks: 19 July 1861
Ship State Description
Prerogative  United Kingdom The ship ran aground and was wrecked near Hirtshals, Denmark. She was on a voyage from Gothenburg, Sweden to Sunderland, County Durham.[9]

20 July

List of shipwrecks: 20 July 1861
Ship State Description
Crimean  Italy The steamship ran aground on the Vado Shoal. She was on a voyage from Livorno to Naples. She was refloated the next day and put back to Livorno.[32]
Ebenezer  United Kingdom The brig was driven ashore at Margate, Kent. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool, County Durham to Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex. She was refloated.[21]
Falcon  United Kingdom The brig sprang a leak and sank in the English Channel off Beachy Head, Sussex. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland to Brest, Finistère, France.[10]
Medora United States The 101-ton sternwheel paddle steamer burned on the Ohio River at Jeffersonville, Indiana.[33]
Penelope  United Kingdom The ship sprang a leak and foundered in the North Sea 18 nautical miles (33 km) off Scarborough, Yorkshire. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Seaham, County Durham to London.[34]

21 July

List of shipwrecks: 21 July 1861
Ship State Description
Admiral Lyons  United Kingdom The ship caught fire at Bombay, India and was scuttled.[35]
Eliza Stewart  United Kingdom The brigantine sprang a leak and foundered off the mouth of the Humber. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland to Cádiz, Spain.[21]
Prince Charlie  United Kingdom The ship was destroyed by fire at Penang, Malaya.[24]

23 July

List of shipwrecks: 23 July 1861
Ship State Description
Eagle  United Kingdom The ship capsized off the mouth of the Humber with the loss of two of her three crew. She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough, Yorkshire to Boston or Spalding, Lincolnshire.[21]
Favourite  United Kingdom The schooner ran aground on the Cutler Sand, in the North Sea off the coast of Suffolk. She was on a voyage from Seaham, County Durham to Ipswich, Suffolk. She was refloated the next day and taken in to Harwich, Essex.[27]
Glen United States American Civil War: The Barque was captured and burned by CSS Dixie ( Confederate States Navy) off Florida.[36]
Marea en Jeanette Norway The schooner was abandoned in the North Sea. Her crew were rescued by Charlotte ( United Kingdom). Marea en Jeanette was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, United Kingdom to Christiania.[22]

24 July

List of shipwrecks: 24 July 1861
Ship State Description
Eagle′s Wing United States The 409-ton steamer burned off Pawtuxet, Rhode Island.[23]
Unidentified schooners and sloops Confederate States of America American Civil War, Union blockade: An expedition consisting of sailors in five launches from the steam frigate USS Minnesota and the armed tug USS Resolute (both  United States Navy) and 300 Union Army soldiers aboard the vessel Fanny ( United States) burned nine or ten schooners and sloops in the Back River in Virginia.[37]

25 July

List of shipwrecks: 25 July 1861
Ship State Description
Algomah United States The 114-foot-9-inch (35 m), 269.14-gross register ton brig was reported sunk in Lake Michigan near Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[38]
Fanny  United Kingdom The ship foundered 40 nautical miles (74 km) north west of Vigo, Spain. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan to Lisbon, Portugal.[39]
St. Michel France The brig ran aground on the Holm Sand, in the North Sea off the coast of Suffolk, United Kingdom. Her eight crew were rescued by the Lowestoft Lifeboat. She was on a voyage from Kristiansand, Norway to Marans, Charente-Inférieure.[40][41][42]

26 July

List of shipwrecks: 26 July 1861
Ship State Description
Fox  United Kingdom The sloop sprang a leak and was beached at Ryhope, County Durham, where she was wrecked.[27]

27 July

List of shipwrecks: 27 July 1861
Ship State Description
Joseph Maxwell United States American Civil War: The barque was captured by the privateer Sumter ( Confederate States of America) off Porto Caballo, Venezuela and was run ashore east of Cienfuegos, Cuba.[43] She was later refloated and taken in to Cienfuegos.[44]

28 July

List of shipwrecks: 28 July 1861
Ship State Description
B. T. Martin Confederate States of America American Civil War, Union blockade: The brig, run aground by her crew on the coast of North Carolina near Cape Hatteras, was destroyed by the armed screw steamer USS Union ( United States Navy).[7]
John  United Kingdom The brig was driven ashore at Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool, County Durham to Havre de Grâce, Seine-Inférieure, France.[27]
Mary Ann Duffers  United Kingdom The barque was run down and sunk in the Bristol Channel by M. V. Moses ( United States and sank with the loss of nine of her twelve crew. Survivors were rescued by M. V. Moses. Mary Ann Duffers was on a voyage from Newport, Monmouthshire to Barcelona, Spain.[45][46]
Othiona  United Kingdom The ship was driven ashore at Jury's Gap, Sussex.[42]
Petrel Confederate States of America American Civil War, Union blockade: On the same day she departed Charleston, South Carolina, on her first voyage as a Confederate privateer, the former United States Revenue Marine revenue cutter mistook the frigate USS St. Lawrence ( United States Navy) for an American merchant ship in the North Atlantic Ocean off the coast of South Carolina and fired three shots at her. St. Lawrence returned fire, and one of her 8-inch (203-mm) shells sank Petrel at 32°30′N 079°09′W / 32.500°N 79.150°W / 32.500; -79.150 (Petrel) thirty minutes after the engagement began. Four of Petrel′s crew were killed. Her 36 survivors were taken prisoner by St. Lawrence and later tried for piracy.[7][47]
Warhawk  United Kingdom The barque ran aground at Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool to Shoreham-by-Sea. She was refloated and taken in to port.[27]

29 July

List of shipwrecks: 29 July 1863
Ship State Description
Andy Fulton United States The 146-ton sidewheel paddle steamer burned on the Ohio River at Carrollton, Kentucky.[48]
Jules d'Claire France The brig was wrecked on the Île de Sein, Finistère. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Saint-Nazaire, Loire-Inférieure to Liverpool, Lancashire, United Kingdom.[49]

30 July

List of shipwrecks: 30 July 1861
Ship State Description
Christiana  United Kingdom The schooner was driven ashore at Greatstone, Kent. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Caen, Calvados.[50]
Falcon  United Kingdom The brig sprang a leak and sank in the English Channel off Beachy Head, Sussex. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland to Brest, Finistère, France.[51]
Fame  United Kingdom The schooner foundered off the Calf of Man, Isle of Man. Her crew were rescued by Stirlingshire. Fame was on a voyage from Whitehaven, Cumberland to Newcastle upon Tyne.[49]
Golden Rule  United Kingdom The ship was wrecked on the Bird Island Spit.[52]
Kotka, and
Z. C. Pearson 		Sweden
 United Kingdom 		The schooner Kotka collided with the steamship Z. C. Pearson and sank in the Baltic Sea between Bornholm, Denmark and Gotland. Her crew took to a boat; they were rescued the next day by a British barque. She was on a voyage from Wasa to Lübeck. Z. C. Pearson consequently foundered with the loss of all 27 crew. She was on a voyage from Riga, Russia ro Hull, Yorkshire[53][54]
William  United Kingdom The sloop was driven ashore at Margate, Kent. She was on a voyage from South Shields, County Durham to Caen. She was refloated and taken in to Margate.[50]

31 July

List of shipwrecks: 31 July 1861
Ship State Description
Adriatic United States American Civil War: The steamship ran aground at the mouth of the Pocomoke River and may have been destroyed to prevent capture or captured.[55]
Cadwallader United States American Civil War: The steamship ran aground at the mouth of the Pocomoke River and may have been destroyed to prevent capture or captured.[55]
Fanny United States American Civil War: The steamship ran aground at the mouth of the Pocomoke River and may have been destroyed to prevent capture or captured.[55]
Vriendschap Netherlands The ship was wrecked on the Cabadello Rock, off Porto, Portugal. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Porto to London, United Kingdom.[56]
Unnamed vessel  United Kingdom The ship was attacked and burnt by the privateer Speed ( Confederate States of America) off Nag's Head, North Carolina, Confederate States of America. Her crew were murdered.[57]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date July 1861
Ship State Description
Du Chayla  French Navy The corvette ran aground in the Saigon River upstream of Saigon, French Cochinchina. She was refloated[58]
Hero  United Kingdom The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean 20 nautical miles (37 km) from the equator. Her crew were rescued by Johanna Maria (Flag unknown). Maria was on a voyage from Newport, Monmouthshire to Manila, Spanish East Indies.[59]
Julie Netherlands The ship foundered in the North Sea off the coast of Norway before 23 July. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Archangelsk, Russia to Amsterdam, North Holland.[40][25]
Lady Kinnaird  United Kingdom The ship was wrecked in the Torres Straits 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) north of the Sir Charles Hardy Islands before 26 July. All on board were rescued by Chutah ( India) and the schooner Marchioness ( New South Wales). She was on a voyage from Sydney, New South Wales to Calcutta, India.[60][61][62]
Louisiana  United Kingdom The ship was wrecked at Alibag, India before 28 July with the loss of five of her crew. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Bombay, India.[63][64]
Noosrutshall India The ship was wrecked at Kedgeree before 22 July. Eight crew were reported missing.[65]
Pacific United States The steamer struck Coffin Rock in the Columbia River and ran aground on the Oregon shore. She was salvaged.[66]
Shooting Star Flag unknown The schooner capsized off the coast of California off Bodega Bay.[67]
Urania,
Wanderer, or
Warrior 		 United Kingdom The ship was wrecked at Badagry, Africa.[68][69][70]
Victory  United Kingdom The ship ran aground on the Newcombe Sand, in the North Sea off the coast of Suffolk. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland to Plymouth, Devon. She was refloated and taken in to Lowestoft, Suffolk in a severely leaky condition.[21]
Unnamed Koblenz The overloaded ferry sank in the Rhine at Koblenz. Fourteen of the 40 people on board were drowned.[71]

References

Notes

  1. ^ Gaines, p. 26.
  2. ^ Gaines, p. 176.
  3. ^ "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant. No. 9732. Newcastle upon Tyne. 5 July 1861.
  4. ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 11585. London. 27 September 1861. p. 7.
  5. ^ "The Loss of the Anne, of Hull". Hull Packet. No. 4003. Hull. 4 October 1861.
  6. ^ Ahoy - Mac's Web Log "Marauders of the Sea, Confederate Merchant Raiders During the American Civil War: CSS Sumter. 1861-1862. Captain Raphael Semmes"
  7. ^ a b c d e usnlp.org Navy Chronology of the Civil War, July-December 1861
  8. ^ Gaines, p. 33.
  9. ^ a b c d e f "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 4195. Liverpool. 23 July 1861.
  10. ^ a b c "Mercantile ship News". The Standard. No. 11537. London. 2 August 1861. p. 7.
  11. ^ "The Peninsular Mails". The Times. No. 24009. London. 12 August 1861. col F, p. 7.
  12. ^ "The Peninsular Mails". Daily News. No. 4759. London. 12 August 1861.
  13. ^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 11524. London. 18 July 1861. p. 7.
  14. ^ "Naval Disasters Since 1860". Hampshire Telegraph. No. 4250. Portsmouth. 10 May 1873.
  15. ^ Gaines, p. 195.
  16. ^ "Ship News". The Times. No. 23981. London. 10 July 1861. col F, p. 10.
  17. ^ "Admiralty Court, Nov. 13". The Times. No. 24090. London. 14 November 1861. col C-D, p. 9.
  18. ^ Gaines, p. 172.
  19. ^ "A Steamer Wrecked in the Thames". Morning Post. No. 27319. London. 10 July 1861. p. 5.
  20. ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 11782. London. 17 May 1862. p. 8.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant. No. 9735. Newcastle upon Tyne. 19 July 1861.
  22. ^ a b "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant. No. 9738. Newcastle upon Tyne. 16 August 1861.
  23. ^ a b Gaines, p. 140.
  24. ^ a b "Ship News". The Times. No. 24023. London. 28 August 1861. col F, p. 9.
  25. ^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury etc. No. 4198. Liverpool. 26 July 1861.
  26. ^ a b c "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant etc. No. 9734. Newcastle upon Tyne. 19 July 1861.
  27. ^ a b c d e f "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant. No. 9736. Newcastle upon Tyne. 2 August 1861.
  28. ^ Gaines, p. 122.
  29. ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 4222. Liverpool. 23 August 1861.
  30. ^ "Law Courts. - Yesterday". Freeman's Journal. Dublin. 3 August 1861.
  31. ^ Gaines, p. 78.
  32. ^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury etc. No. 4204. Liverpool. 2 August 1861.
  33. ^ Gaines, p. 136.
  34. ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 11528. London. 23 July 1861. p. 7.
  35. ^ "Shipping Casualties". Belfast News-Letter. No. 15104. Belfast. 24 October 1861.
  36. ^ Shipwrecks of Florida: A comprehensive listing. Pineapple Press/Googlebooks. 1998. ISBN 9781561641635. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  37. ^ Gaines, p. 193.
  38. ^ Wisconsin Shipwrecks: ALGOMAH (1861) Accessed 4 July 2021
  39. ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Daily News. No. 4746. London. 27 July 1861.
  40. ^ a b "Ship News". The Times. No. 23995. London. 26 July 1861. col F, p. 11.
  41. ^ "Gallant Life Boat Services". Dundee Courier. No. 2484. Dundee. 29 July 1861.
  42. ^ a b "Royal National Lifeboat Institution". Daily News. No. 4751. London. 2 August 1861.
  43. ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 11565. London. 4 September 1861. p. 7.
  44. ^ "American Reprisals". The Standard. No. 11583. London. 25 September 1861. p. 7.
  45. ^ "Miscellaneous". Bradford Observer. No. 1437. Bradford. 1 August 1861. p. 3.
  46. ^ "Fearful Collision in the Bristol Channel. - Loss of Nine Lives". Reynold's Newspaper. No. 573. London. 4 August 1861.
  47. ^ Gaines, p. 153.
  48. ^ Gaines, p. 134.
  49. ^ a b "Ship News". The Times. No. 24004. London. 6 August 1861. col F, p. 10.
  50. ^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 11536. London. 1 August 1861. p. 7.
  51. ^ Renno, David (2004). Beachy Head Shipwrecks of the 19th Century. Sevenoaks: Amherst Publishing. p. 209. ISBN 1-903637-20-1.
  52. ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 4239. Liverpool. 12 September 1861.
  53. ^ "Another Baltic Steamer Lost". The Times. No. 24010. London. 13 August 1861. col A, p. 9.
  54. ^ "Loss of the Z. C. Pearson, of Hull". Hull Packet. No. 3996. Hull. 16 August 1861.
  55. ^ a b c "Farther News from America". Reynolds's Newspaper. No. 575. London. 18 August 1861.
  56. ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Daily News. No. 4751. London. 2 August 1861.
  57. ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 4237. Liverpool. 10 September 1861.
  58. ^ "Foreign Intelligence". Hull Packet. No. 3995. Hull. 9 August 1861.
  59. ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 11598. London. 12 October 1861. p. 7.
  60. ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury etc. No. 4261. Liverpool. 8 October 1861.
  61. ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 11594. London. 8 October 1861. p. 7.
  62. ^ "Dundee Shipping". Dundee Courier. No. 2546. Dundee. 9 October 1861.
  63. ^ "Ship News". The Times. No. 24017. London. 21 August 1861. col F, p. 9.
  64. ^ "Bombay Mail". Belfast News-Letter. No. 15053. Belfast. 24 August 1861.
  65. ^ "India". The Times. No. 24020. London. 24 August 1861. col B, p. 9.
  66. ^ Gaines, p. 138.
  67. ^ Gaines, p. 30.
  68. ^ "The African Mail". Belfast News-Letter. No. 15042. Belfast. 12 August 1861.
  69. ^ "Africa". Caledonian Mercury. No. 22424. Edinburgh. 12 August 1861.
  70. ^ "Latest Intelligence". Freeman's Journal. Dublin. 12 August 1861.
  71. ^ "Shocking Accident". Freeman's Journal. Dublin. 19 July 1861.

Bibliography

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