Xiū Luó Fēn
Xiū Luó Fēn Kingdom | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ? – 7th century | |||||||
Proposed locations of ancient polities in the Menam and Mekong Valleys in the 7th century based on the details provided in the Chinese leishu, Cefu Yuangui, and others. | |||||||
| Religion | Buddhism | ||||||
| Government | Kingdom | ||||||
• Unknown | Shidama Deva | ||||||
| Historical era | Post-classical era | ||||||
| |||||||
| Today part of | Thailand | ||||||
Xiū Luó Fēn (Chinese: 修罗分国) was an ancient kingdom mentioned in the New Book of Tang.[1] and the Chinese leishu, Cefu Yuangui, compiled during the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE).[2]: 22 It was located on the coast of the South Sea, with wooden fences as its city walls. It extends eastward to the Kingdom of Zhenla and southward to the sea. Its king is called Shidama Deva (Shī Dá Mó Típó; 尸达摩提婆; ศิทามะเทวะ), and he has a large number of troops with over 30,000 elite soldiers.[2]: 22 [3][4]
修罗分国，居于南海之北，以木栅为城。东至真腊国，南至海。其王名尸达摩提婆，精兵三万余人。[2]: 22
During the Tang dynasty, the three brothers city-states of Xiū Luó Fēn, Gē Luó Shě Fēn (哥罗舍分), which Thai scholar Piriya Krairiksh places at the ancient Nakhon Pathom,[5]: 59 the center of Kamalanka,[6]: 181–3 and Gān Bì (甘毕), visit the Chinese court to pay tributes.[1] Their customs were roughly similar, with rulers and fortifications.[1] Gē luó shě fēn also has a large number of troops, with 20,000 elite soldiers, while Gān Bì has only 5,000.[1]
Xiū Luó Fēn's two neighbors: Gē luó shě fēn bordered Duò Hé Luó (堕和罗; Dvaravati) to the east,[5]: 58–9 while Gān Bì was said to be to the east[a] of Huán Wáng (環王國; predecessor of Champa). King of Gān Bì was named Chandavema (旃陀越摩).[1] Although the identifications of Xiū Luó Fēn and Gān Bì remain ambiguous, Gē luó shě fēn has been identified with the ancient Nakhon Pathom;[5]: 59 hence, Xiū Luó Fēn and Gān Bì are likely Khu Bua and Mueang Uthong, the other two prominent ancient sites near ancient Nakhon Pathom.
Note
- ^ Huán Wáng was situated on the coast of present-day central Vietnam; hence, it is unlikely that Gān Bì could be placed further east. If Gān Bì were an island polity in the sea east of Huán Wáng, its customs might differ from those of Xiū Luó Fēn and Gē Luó Shě Fēn.
References
- ^ a b c d e New Book of Tang, Volume 222
- ^ a b c "钦定四库全书: 册府元龟卷九百五十七宋王钦若等撰". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China (in Chinese). Retrieved 14 May 2025.
- ^ "册府元龟". www.shidianguji.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 17 May 2025.
- ^ "册府元龟，卷九百五十七". Chinese Philosophy Text Digitalization Project (in Chinese). Retrieved 17 May 2025.
- ^ a b c Saritpong Khumsong (2014). โบราณคดีเมืองนครปฐม: การศึกษาอดีตศูนย์กลางแห่งทวารวดี [Nakhon Pathom Archaeology: A Study of the Former Center of Dvaravati] (PDF) (in Thai). Bangkok: Papermet (Thailand). p. 230. ISBN 978-974-641-498-2.
- ^ Chand Chirayu Rajani. "Background to the Sri Vijaya Story – Part I" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2020.