Underwater Hockey World Championships

Underwater Hockey World Championships
Tournament information
SportUnderwater Hockey
Established1980 (1980)
FormatSingle round robin then playoffs
Current champion
Elite
New Zealand (men's; 2023)
Australia (women's; 2023)
Masters
United States (men's; 2023)
France (women's; 2023)
U-24
New Zealand (men's; 2024)
New Zealand (women's; 2024)
U-19
New Zealand (men's; 2024)
Australia (women's; 2024)

The Underwater Hockey World Championship is the peak international event for the underwater sport of Underwater Hockey. The event is conducted on behalf of the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) by an affiliated national federation.

History

The championship was first held in 1980 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada after the intended initial championship scheduled for 1979 was beset by difficulties and ultimately postponed, due to the invitation of a team from South Africa and the problems associated with apartheid.

Subsequently, a world championship has been held every two years in locations around the world up until 2006. 2006 saw many CMAS-affiliated national federations as well as the majority of the CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission members in dispute with CMAS over policy and governance matters concerning underwater hockey. Out of the divide the World Aquachallenge Association (WAA) - an alternative governing body - was born.[1]

In 2007 CMAS intended to incorporate the Underwater Hockey World Championship into its inaugural World Games event in Bari, Italy, an ambitious event intended to showcase all of the underwater disciplines (Underwater Rugby, Finswimming etc) governed by them in one place. As far as underwater hockey goes this event was poorly attended, in part due to it being 'out of synch' with many affiliated federations' training calendars and budgets. The following year - the 'normal' world championship year - the WAA organised their 'rival' 1st World Championship event in Durban, South Africa. This is now held by many to have been the official 2008 World Championship despite it being poorly attended too, in part this time because CMAS organised a major underwater hockey 'zone' event to be held in Istanbul, Turkey on exactly the same dates meaning a majority of European federations were forced to choose which championship their representative teams attended.

The WAA was short-lived and since 2008 CMAS has once again administered all the world championship events in various age/gender divisions with the most recent having been held in Quebec City, Canada in 2018. World championships in the different age categories are now scheduled for every second year.[2]

Following the 2023 resumption of the tournament following the COVID-19 pandemic, the world championships moved to being held every four years and teams would gain qualification via the new Intercontinental Championships.[3][4]

Editions summary

Source:[5]

Key Cancelled[a]
Year Date Championship Location Nations Events Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place Ref.
1980 July 12 – 16 1st World Championship Vancouver, Canada[7] 5 Men's Netherlands Great Britain Australia Canada [8]
1982 February 20 – 25 2nd World Championship Brisbane, Australia[9] 2 Men's Australia New Zealand — — [8]
3 Women's Australia New Zealand Canada —
1984 May 1 – 10 3rd World Championship Chicago, United States[10] 8 Men's Australia Netherlands Great Britain United States [8]
Women's Australia New Zealand United States Canada
1986 April 16 – 27 4th World Championship Adelaide, Australia[11] 7 Men's Canada Australia New Zealand Netherlands [8]
2 Women's Australia New Zealand — —
1988 April 5 – 13 5th World Championship Amersfoort, Netherlands[12] 9 Men's Australia Netherlands Canada New Zealand [8]
Women's New Zealand United States Australia Great Britain
1990 May 31 – June 9 6th World Championship Montreal, Canada[13] 9 Men's Australia Great Britain Canada New Zealand [8]
Women's Australia New Zealand United States Great Britain
1992 May 12 – 20 7th World Championship Wellington, New Zealand[14] 9 Men's Elite Australia New Zealand South Africa Great Britain [8]
Men's Masters Australia New Zealand — —
Women's South Africa Australia New Zealand Great Britain
1994 April 17 – 24 8th World Championship Grand Couronne, France[15] 10 Men's Elite Australia South Africa United States France [8]
Men's Masters South Africa Great Britain Australia France
Women's Australia South Africa Great Britain France
1996 July 11 – 20 9th World Championship Durban, South Africa[16] 11 Men's Elite Australia South Africa New Zealand Netherlands [8]
Men's Masters South Africa Australia Great Britain United States
Women's South Africa Australia France New Zealand
1998 June 4 – 13 10th World Championship San José, United States[17] 14 Men's Elite France South Africa Australia New Zealand [8]
Men's Masters South Africa Great Britain United States Australia
Women's Elite South Africa Australia United States Canada
Women's Masters South Africa United States Great Britain —
2000 April 25 – 29 11th World Championship Hobart, Australia[18] 15 Men's Elite Australia France Canada South Africa [8]
Men's Masters Australia South Africa New Zealand United States
Women's Elite Australia Canada South Africa United States
Women's Masters South Africa Australia New Zealand Great Britain
2002 July 20 – 28 12th World Championship Calgary, Canada[19] 13 Men's Elite Australia New Zealand France Netherlands [8]
Men's Masters United States South Africa Great Britain Canada
Women's Elite Australia Canada South Africa Great Britain
Women's Masters South Africa Australia United States Great Britain
Youth Great Britain United States Canada —
2004 March 22 – 31 13th World Championship Christchurch, New Zealand[20] 9 Men's: Elite New Zealand Australia France Netherlands [8]
Men's: Masters United States Australia France Great Britain
Men's: U-19 New Zealand Great Britain Australia United States
Women's: Elite Netherlands New Zealand South Africa France
Women's: Masters United States Australia France Great Britain
Women's: U-19 New Zealand Great Britain South Africa —
2006 August 15 – 24 14th World Championship Sheffield, United Kingdom[21][22] 17 Men's: Elite New Zealand Netherlands France Australia [23][8]
Men's: Masters United States South Africa France Great Britain
Men's: U-19 New Zealand Great Britain France Canada
Women's: Elite Australia South Africa Netherlands Great Britain
Women's: Masters United States Great Britain Canada —
Women's: U-19 New Zealand Great Britain South Africa —
2007 July 31 – August 4 Disputed 15th World Championship
(Part of 1st CMAS Games) 		Bari, Italy[24] 6[25] Men's: Elite France Turkey Unknown [26]
4[25] Women's: Elite France Turkey Unknown
2008 April 25 – May 3 Alternative[b] 15th World Championship and 1st Junior World Championship Durban, South Africa[28][27] 10 Men's: Elite France New Zealand South Africa Australia [8][29]
Men's: Masters South Africa Netherlands France Great Britain
Men's: U-19 Spain New Zealand South Africa Colombia
Women's: Elite Australia South Africa Netherlands New Zealand
Women's: U-19 New Zealand Colombia South Africa Spain
2009[c] August 21 – 29 16th World Championship Kranj, Slovenia[30][31] 12 Men's: Elite France South Africa Great Britain Turkey [8][32]
7 Women's: Elite Great Britain South Africa Unknown
2011 August 16 – 27 17th World Championship Coimbra, Portugal[33][34] 10 Men's: Elite Australia South Africa Colombia France [8]
8 Women's: Elite Great Britain Australia Unknown
2013 August 23 – September 1 18th World Championship[35] and 2nd Junior World Championship Eger, Hungary[36] 15 Men's: Elite France New Zealand Australia Great Britain [37][8][38]
9 Men's: Masters Australia Netherlands Great Britain Unknown
16 Women's: Elite New Zealand Great Britain South Africa Australia
6 Women's: Masters Australia South Africa Great Britain Unknown
6 Men's: U-23 New Zealand Australia Colombia France
7 Men's: U-19 Colombia New Zealand France Australia
5 Women's: U-23 New Zealand Colombia Great Britain Turkey
4 Women's: U-19 New Zealand Colombia South Africa Australia
2015 August 6 – 15 3rd Junior World Championship Castello de la Plana, Spain 8 Men's: U-23 Turkey Australia New Zealand Colombia [8][39]
10 Men's: U-19 New Zealand France Colombia Great Britain
8 Women's: U-23 Colombia Netherlands Great Britain Australia
8 Women's: U-19 South Africa New Zealand France Colombia
2016 March 22 – April 2 19th World Championship Stellenbosch, South Africa
 14 Men's: Elite Australia Turkey Great Britain Colombia [40]
13 Men's: Masters Australia Great Britain France Netherlands
9 Women's: Elite South Africa New Zealand France Colombia
8 Women's: Masters Australia South Africa Colombia France
2017 July 15 – 23 4th Junior World Championship Hobart, Australia 10 Men's: U-23 Turkey France Colombia New Zealand [41][42]
9 Men's: U-19 France Great Britain New Zealand Australia
8 Women's: U-23 New Zealand Colombia South Africa Great Britain
7 Women's: U-19 New Zealand Australia South Africa Colombia
2018 July 18 – 28 20th World Championship Quebec City, Canada[43] 14 Men's: Elite New Zealand France Turkey Great Britain [44]
13 Men's: Masters France South Africa Canada Great Britain
9 Women's: Elite New Zealand Great Britain Colombia South Africa
6 Women's: Masters France Australia Colombia Canada
2019 August 14 – 24 5th Junior World Championship Sheffield, United Kingdom 11 Men's: U-24 Turkey Great Britain New Zealand South Africa [45]
7 Men's: U-19 New Zealand Great Britain Spain South Africa
7 Women's: U-24 New Zealand France South Africa Great Britain
5 Women's: U-19 New Zealand Colombia France Great Britain
2020,
moved to 2021 		July 20– August 1 21st World Championship
cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic 		Gold Coast, Australia N/A Men's: Elite N/A
Men's: Masters N/A
Women's: Elite N/A
Women's: Masters N/A
2022 July 23 – 31 World Cup
(International Restart Event)[d] 		Ankara, Turkey Men's: Elite Unknown
Men's: Masters Unknown
Women's: Elite Unknown
Women's: Masters Unknown
Men's: U-24 Unknown
Men's: U-19 Unknown
Women's: U-24 Unknown
Women's: U-19 Unknown
2023[e] July 18 – 30 21st World Championship Gold Coast, Australia 12 Men's: Elite New Zealand France Great Britain Turkey [47]
8 Men's: Masters United States France New Zealand Australia
13 Women's: Elite Australia France Colombia Great Britain
5 Women's: Masters France Australia New Zealand United States
2024 July 16 – 27 6th Junior World Championship Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 11 Men's: U-24 New Zealand Australia Great Britain France [48]
8 Men's: U-19 New Zealand France Turkey Australia
9 Women's: U-24 New Zealand France Colombia Turkey
7 Women's: U-19 Australia France New Zealand Colombia

Results by nation

Key Most successful in given category
Nation Titles Men's Elite Women's Elite Men's Masters Women's Masters Men's U-23/24 Women's U-23/24 Men's U-19 Women's U-19
Australia 27 11: 1982, 1984, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2011, 2016 9: 1982, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1994, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008[f], 2023 4: 1992, 2000, 2013, 2016 2: 2013, 2016 1: 2024
New Zealand 24 4: 2004, 2006, 2018, 2023 3: 1988, 2013, 2018 2: 2013, 2024 4: 2013, 2017, 2019, 2024 5: 2004, 2006, 2015, 2019, 2024 6: 2004, 2006, 2008,[f] 2013, 2017, 2019
South Africa 11 4: 1992, 1996, 1998, 2016 3: 1996, 1998, 2008[f] 3: 1998, 2000, 2002 1: 2015
France 10 5: 1998, 2007, 2008,[f] 2009, 2013 1: 2007 1: 2018 2: 2018, 2023 1: 2017
United States 6 4: 2002, 2004, 2006, 2023 2: 2004, 2006
Turkey 3 3: 2015, 2017, 2019
Great Britain 2: 2009, 2011 1: 2002
Colombia 2 1: 2015 1: 2013
Netherlands 1: 1980 1: 2004
Canada 1 1: 1986
Spain 1: 2008[f]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The 2020 World Championships, later moved to 2021, was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[6]
  2. ^ The 1st WAA World Championships is considered by some as being the legitimate 15th Championships.[27]
  3. ^ Due to the 2007–08 CMAS–WAA dispute, preceded World Championships occurred on odd years until a reset implemented between 2013 and 2016.
  4. ^ The 2022 Underwater Hockey World Cup, originally intended to be the 6th Junior World Championship and held in 2021, was the first major international tournament since the COVID-19 pandemic. The competition was reformatted to serve as an international restart tournament for all nations teams, elite, masters, and youth. The tournament will serve as a warm up to the 21st World Championship in 2023 and 6th Junior World Championship in 2024. Winners of the tournament were not crowned world champions.[46]
  5. ^ Originally scheduled for 2020
  6. ^ a b c d e WAA

References

  1. ^ "2008 Meeting Minutes" (PDF). WAA. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  2. ^ "About Underwater Hockey". CMAS.
  3. ^ "CMAS 1st Intercontinental Championship Asia/Oceania Underwater Hockey".
  4. ^ https://www.europeafricauwh2025.com/
  5. ^ "Championships Archive".
  6. ^ "🇦🇺 21th [sic] CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships. Gold Coast, Australia – Suspended". 29 March 2021.
  7. ^ "1980 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "World Championship Results". 19 April 2012.
  9. ^ "1982 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Brisbane, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  10. ^ "1984 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Chicago, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  11. ^ "1986 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Adelaide, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  12. ^ "1988 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  13. ^ "1990 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Montreal, Quebec, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  14. ^ "1992 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Wellington, New Zealand". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  15. ^ "1994 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  16. ^ "1996 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Durban, South Africa<". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  17. ^ "1998 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - San Jose, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  18. ^ "2000 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  19. ^ "2002 World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Calgary, Alberta, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  20. ^ "2004 World Underwater Hockey Championship FINAL - Christchurch, New Zealand, 22nd to 31st March 2004". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  21. ^ "2006 - 14th World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Sheffield, United Kingdom 15th August to 24th August 2006". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  22. ^ "2006 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships, Sheffield, UK (Official Website)". 2006 World Championship Committee. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  23. ^ "Home". uwhworlds2006.net.
  24. ^ "1st CMAS World Games Underwater Hockey Tournament Bari, Italy - 31st July to 4th August 2007". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  25. ^ a b "🌎 Tiempo de Hockey Subacuático". 25 April 2008.
  26. ^ "Quebec 2018 #18 - NZL-TUR semi-final Prologue". 19 January 2019.
  27. ^ a b "2008 - 15th World Underwater Hockey Championship (sic) Durban, Natal, South Africa. 25th April - 3rd May 2008". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  28. ^ "World Championship results". World Aquachallenge Association. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  29. ^ Mitchell, Alun. "International UWH competitions press release (bulletin 140)". Archived from the original on 2024-05-28.
  30. ^ "2nd CMAS WORLD GAMES UNDERWATER HOCKEY TOURNAMENT Kranj, Slovinia - 21st to 29th August 2009". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  31. ^ "KRANJ 16th CMAS UNDERWATER HOCKEY WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  32. ^ Kirby, Ken (2009-08-29). "BOA Bulletin 172; Congratulations to GB Squads in Slovenia". Archived from the original on 2024-05-28.
  33. ^ "3rd CMAS World Underwater Hockey Games (17th World Championship) Elite Teams Tournament Coimbra, Portugal, 16th to 27th August 2011". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  34. ^ "17th Underwater Hockey World Championship". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  35. ^ "18th CMAS WC 2013 Initial Groups" (PDF). CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  36. ^ "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger - Hungary. Information Pack is out". CMAS. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  37. ^ "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger- Hungary. Information Pack is out".
  38. ^ Stillwell, Andrew (2013-09-18). "18th World Championships Summary (Bulletin 231)". Archived from the original on 2024-05-28.
  39. ^ "login screen". www.cmas.org. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  40. ^ "🇿🇦 Final Results 19th CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championship. South Africa 2016". 2 April 2016.
  41. ^ "4th Age Group Underwater Hockey Championship".
  42. ^ "4th Age Group Underwater Hockey Championship".
  43. ^ "2018 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Quebec City, Quebec, Canada". www.cmas.com. 27 November 2018.
  44. ^ "Underwater Hockey Scores".
  45. ^ "Overall Results".
  46. ^ "🇹🇷 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Cup – Istambul, Turkey 2022". 26 March 2022.
  47. ^ "21st CMAS UWH World Championships - UWH Portal". 20 July 2023.
  48. ^ "CMAS 6th Underwater Hockey Age Group World Championship - UWH Portal". 19 July 2024.
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