Egypt (Arabic: مصر Miṣr [mesˁr] ⓘ, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mɑsˤr]), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west; the Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital, largest city, and leading cultural center, while Alexandria is the second-largest city and an important hub of industry and tourism. With over 107 million inhabitants, Egypt is the third-most populous country in Africa and 15th-most populated in the world.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, later adopting Islam from the seventh century onwards. Cairo became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century and of the subsequent Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, until its local ruler Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous Khedivate in 1867. The country was then occupied by the British Empire along with Sudan and gained independence in 1922 as a monarchy.
Egypt is a developing country with the second-largest economy in Africa. It is considered to be a regional power in the Middle East, North Africa and the Muslim world, and a middle power worldwide. Islam is the official religion and Arabic is official language. Egypt is a founding member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab League, the African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, World Youth Forum, and a member of BRICS. (Full article...)
Selected article -
In 1501–1502, Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, an Italian humanist, was sent on a diplomatic mission to Mamluk Egypt by Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, in order to convince Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri not to retaliate against his Christian subjects in response to the fall of Granada to the Spanish and the subsequent persecution of Moors.
Martyr was instructed by the Catholic Monarchs to deny reports of forced conversions of their Spanish Muslim subjects. He began his voyage in August 1501, reaching Venice in October. The ambassador later sailed for Alexandria and reached the port city on December 23. He toured Alexandria after being initially denied an audience with the Sultan. When the approval finally came, he traveled to Cairo and met with al-Ghuri on February 6, 1502. The Sultan received Martyr well in his Cairo palace, amid local unrest fueled by envoys from other Muslim states. Another secret meeting was arranged, during which Martyr was inquired about the forced conversions. He told the Sultan that the Granadan Moors had chosen the Catholic faith by their own will and blamed the tension on Jews. Martyr promised Spanish naval assistance to al-Ghuri should war break out with the Ottoman Empire. The ambassador's arguments appeared to have convinced the Sultan, who assured Martyr that Christians would be protected and allowed the renovation of their places of worship in the Holy Land. Martyr visited a number of ancient sites in and around Cairo, including the pyramids of Giza. He was given a farewell ceremony on February 21 and sailed back to Venice on April 22. (Full article...)
The following are images from various Egypt-related articles on Wikipedia.
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Image 1Tutankhamun's burial mask is one of the major attractions of the Egyptian Museum of Cairo. (from Egypt)
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Image 2Change in per capita GDP of Egypt, 1820–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars. (from Egypt)
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Image 3Hatshepsut's trading expedition to the Land of Punt (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 4Muhammad Ali was the founder of the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the first Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. (from Egypt)
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Image 5Lower-class occupations (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 6Green irrigated land along the Nile amidst the desert and in the Nile Delta (from Egypt)
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Image 8The Al-Hakim Mosque in Cairo, of Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the sixth caliph, as renovated by Dawoodi Bohra (from Egypt)
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Image 9The Giza Necropolis is the oldest of the ancient Wonders and the only one still in existence. (from Egypt)
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Image 10The Narmer Palette depicts the unification of the Two Lands. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 11The pharaoh was usually depicted wearing symbols (scepter, ankh, head-dress, beard etc) of royalty and power. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 12Khafre enthroned (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 13Soad Hosny, film star (from Egypt)
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Image 14Illustration of various types of capitals, by Karl Richard Lepsius (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 15The halls of Karnak Temple are built with rows of large columns. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 16Ruins of Deir el-Medina (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 17The Qattara Depression in Egypt's north west (from Egypt)
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Image 18Early tomb painting from Nekhen, c. 3500 BC, Naqada, possibly Gerzeh culture (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 19Protesters from the Third Square movement, which supported neither the former Morsi government nor the Armed Forces, 31 July 2013 (from Egypt)
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Image 20An offshore platform in the Darfeel Gas Field (from Egypt)
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Image 21Egyptian honour guard soldiers (from Egypt)
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Image 22Temple of Derr ruins in 1960 (from Egypt)
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Image 23The Cairo Metro (line 2) (from Egypt)
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Image 24British infantry near El Alamein, 17 July 1942 (from Egypt)
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Image 25The gods Osiris, Anubis, and Horus in the tomb of Horemheb ( KV57) in the Valley of the Kings (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 26A typical, Naqada II (Predynastic Period), jar decorated with gazelles (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 27Measuring and recording the harvest, from the tomb of Menna at Thebes (Eighteenth Dynasty) (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 28Glassmaking was a highly developed art. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 30Statues of two pharaohs of Egypt's Twenty-Fifth Dynasty and several other Kushite kings, Kerma Museum (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 31Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in Mansoura, 1960 (from Egypt)
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Image 32The Temple of Dendur, completed by 10 BC, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City) (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 33Smoke rises from oil tanks beside the Suez Canal hit during the initial Anglo-French assault on Egypt, 5 November 1956. (from Egypt)
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Image 34Egypt's topography (from Egypt)
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Image 35Soad Hosny, Egyptian film star. Among the most famous Egyptian and Arabic actresses. (from Culture of Egypt)
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Image 36The Egyptian Museum of Cairo (from Egypt)
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Image 38Hosni Mubarak—president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 (from Egypt)
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Image 39Tourists riding a camel in front of Pyramid of Khafre. The Giza Necropolis is one of Egypt's main tourist attractions. (from Egypt)
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Image 42Naguib Mahfouz, the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature (from Egypt)
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Image 43The central business district in Egypt's new capital (from Egypt)
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Image 44A crowd at Cairo Stadium watching the Egypt national football team (from Egypt)
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Image 45Model of a household porch and garden, c. 1981–1975 BC (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 46Coffin of Khnumnakht in 12th dynasty style, with palace facade, columns of inscriptions, and two Wedjat eyes (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 47Aziz Pasha Abaza, poet from the aristocratic literary Egyptian family the House of Abaza of Circassian Abazin origin (from Culture of Egypt)
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Image 49A figure wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, most probably Amenemhat II or Senwosret II. It functioned as a divine guardian for the imiut; the divine kilt suggests that the statuette was not merely a representation of the living ruler. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 51Seagoing ship of an expedition to Punt, from a relief of Hatshepsut's Mortuary temple, Deir el-Bahari (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 52The High Court of Justice in Downtown Cairo (from Egypt)
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Image 53The "weighing of the heart" scene from the Book of the Dead (from Egypt)
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Image 54The Book of the Dead was a guide to the deceased's journey in the afterlife. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 55Egypt under Muhammad Ali dynasty (from Egypt)
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Image 56Egyptian tanks advancing in the Sinai desert during the Yom Kippur War, 1973 (from Egypt)
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Image 57Egyptian literacy rate among the population aged 15 years and older by UNESCO Institute of Statistics (from Egypt)
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Image 58Pharaohs' tombs were provided with vast quantities of wealth, such as the golden mask from the mummy of Tutankhamun. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 59The Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII and her son by Julius Caesar, Caesarion, at the Temple of Dendera (from Egypt)
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Image 60Ancient Egyptians playing music (from Egypt)
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Image 63Graphic of the increase in temperature in Egypt overtime (from Egypt)
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Image 67Two (north side) of the four colossal statues of Ramesses II flank the entrance of his temple Abu Simbel. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 69Hunting game birds and plowing a field, tomb of Nefermaat and his wife Itet ( c. 2700 BC) (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 70A tomb relief depicts workers plowing the fields, harvesting the crops, and threshing the grain under the direction of an overseer, painting in the tomb of Nakht. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 71Kushari, one of Egypt's national dishes (from Egypt)
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Image 73Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna, c. 1400 BC (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 74Female nationalists demonstrating in Cairo, 1919 (from Egypt)
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Image 75The Fayum mummy portraits epitomize the meeting of Egyptian and Roman cultures. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 76The fully electric MCV C127 EV, made in Egypt for the German market (from Egypt)
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Image 77The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus describes anatomy and medical treatments, written in hieratic, c. 1550 BC. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 78The pyramids of Giza are among the most recognizable symbols of ancient Egyptian civilization. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 79Arabic calligraphy has seen its golden age in Cairo. This adornment and beads being sold in Muizz Street (from Culture of Egypt)
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Image 80Wooden figures of soldiers, from the tomb of nomarch Mesehti ( 11th dynasty) (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 81The Eastern Imperial Eagle is the national animal of Egypt. (from Egypt)
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Image 82Napoleon defeated the Mamluk troops in the Battle of the Pyramids, 21 July 1798, painted by Lejeune. (from Egypt)
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Image 83Cairo grew into a metropolitan area with a population of over 22 million. (from Egypt)
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Image 85The Weighing of the Heart from the Book of the Dead of Ani (from Egypt)
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Image 86Rectangular fishpond with ducks and lotus planted round with date palms and fruit trees, Tomb of Nebamun, Thebes, 18th Dynasty (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 87Egypt's population density (people per km 2) (from Egypt)
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Image 88Hieroglyphs on stela in Louvre, c. 1321 BC (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 89The well preserved Temple of Isis from Philae is an example of Egyptian architecture and architectural sculpture. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 90Al-Azhar Park is listed as one of the world's sixty great public spaces by the Project for Public Spaces. (from Egypt)
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Image 91Frontispiece of Description de l'Égypte, published in 38 volumes between 1809 and 1829 (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 92Tanoura dancers performing in Wekalet El Ghoury, Cairo (from Egypt)
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Image 93Tutankhamun charging enemies on his chariot, 18th dynasty (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 94Anubis, the god associated with mummification and burial rituals, attending to a mummy (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 95Egyptian tomb models as funerary goods (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 97Painted limestone relief of a noble member of Ancient Egyptian society during the New Kingdom (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 98Sennedjem plows his fields in Aaru with a pair of oxen, Deir el-Medina. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 99Egyptians celebrated feasts and festivals, accompanied by music and dance. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 100Salah Zulfikar, film star (from Egypt)
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Image 101The preserved Temple of Horus at Edfu is a model of Egyptian architecture. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 102The Amr ibn al-As mosque in Cairo, recognised as the oldest in Africa (from Egypt)
Hamdi Qandil (Arabic: حمدي قنديل Ḥamdī Qandīl, also Romanized Qandeel or Kandil; 1936 – 31 October 2018) was a prominent Egyptian journalist, news anchor, talk show host and activist. Qandil started his journalism career in the 1950s when he wrote for the Akher Sa'a ("Last Hour") magazine at the invitation of veteran journalist Mustafa Amin. In 1961 he began broadcasting a news show called Aqwal al-Suhuf ("In the Press") until 1969 when he was appointed director of the Arab Broadcasting Studios Union. In 1971 he left his post in protest at a government inspection of his technical staff. He later worked with UNESCO from 1974 to 1986, specializing in the field of international media. In 1987 he co-founded a satellite broadcasting company that later became known as MBC, where he worked for three months before leaving because of political differences with its management. Qandil briefly presented the show Ma'a Hamdi Qandil ("With Hamdi Qandil") for ART, but left amid disagreements between him and his managers regarding Qandil's planned interviews with Muammar Gaddafi and Tariq Aziz.
He returned to Egyptian television in 1998, hosting the current affairs and press review talk show Ra'is el-Tahrir ("Editor-in-Chief"). The program became one of the most popular and respected in Egypt. After apparent trouble with the state censors, Qandil moved the show to Dubai TV in 2004 under the name Qalam Rosas ("Pencil"). The new program was highly watched throughout the Arab world. He was forced to quit Dubai TV after criticizing Arab governments and subsequently hosted the show on the Libyan channel Al-Libiya for two months before the Libyan government cancelled it. He returned to Egypt and wrote for the Al-Masry Al-Youm newspaper and then Al-Shorouk, but his association with the latter ended as a result of a libel suit brought on by then-Egyptian foreign minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit in response to a column critical of Egyptian foreign policy written by Qandil in May 2010. The case was later dropped following the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. (Full article...)
Selected cuisines, dishes and foods -
Winemaking has a long tradition in Egypt dating back to the 3rd millennium BC. The modern wine industry is relatively small scale but there have been significant strides towards reviving the industry. In the late nineties the industry invited international expertise in a bid to improve the quality of Egyptian wine, which used to be known for its poor quality. In recent years Egyptian wines have received some recognition, having won several international awards. In 2013 Egypt produced 4,500 tonnes of wine, ranking 54th globally, ahead of Belgium and the United Kingdom. (Full article...)
Religions in Egypt
Arab states
Other countries
- WikiProject Egypt
- WikiProject Ancient Egypt
- WikiProject Africa
- WikiProject Arab world
- WikiProject Asia
- WikiProject Geography
- WikiProject History
- WikiProject Ancient Near East
- Religion work group
- ... that the Lavon Affair was a failed Israeli false flag operation in which bombs were planted inside Egyptian-, American-, and British-owned civilian targets such as cinemas, libraries, and American educational centers?
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