DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLRMT gene.[5][6]
Function
This gene encodes a mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase. The gene product is responsible for mitochondrial gene expression as well as for providing RNA primers for initiation of replication of the mitochondrial genome. Although this polypeptide has the same function as the three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases, it is more closely related to RNA polymerases of bacteriophage (including T7 RNA polymerase), mitochondrial polymerases of lower eukaryotes as well as chloroplastic RpoT polymerases.[6]
Structure
The structure of the enzyme has been solved. It exhibits an overall structure similar to that of phage RNAP, but the initiation mechanism is different in that it requires initiation factors TFAM (only in mammals) and TFB2M.[7] Elongation requires the elongation factor TEFM.[8] The exact termination process is less understood, but MTERF1 is thought to play a role.[9]
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000099821 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020329 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Tiranti V, Savoia A, Forti F, D'Apolito MF, Centra M, Rocchi M, et al. (April 1997). "Identification of the gene encoding the human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (h-mtRPOL) by cyberscreening of the Expressed Sequence Tags database". Human Molecular Genetics. 6 (4): 615–625. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.4.615. PMID 9097968.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: POLRMT polymerase (RNA) mitochondrial (DNA directed)".
- ^ Hillen HS, Morozov YI, Sarfallah A, Temiakov D, Cramer P (November 2017). "Structural Basis of Mitochondrial Transcription Initiation". Cell. 171 (5): 1072–1081.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.036. PMC 6590061. PMID 29149603.
- ^ Hillen HS, Parshin AV, Agaronyan K, Morozov YI, Graber JJ, Chernev A, et al. (November 2017). "Mechanism of Transcription Anti-termination in Human Mitochondria". Cell. 171 (5): 1082–1093.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.035. PMC 5798601. PMID 29033127.
- ^ D'Souza AR, Minczuk M (July 2018). "Mitochondrial transcription and translation: overview". Essays in Biochemistry. 62 (3): 309–320. doi:10.1042/EBC20170102. PMC 6056719. PMID 30030363.
Further reading
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Falkenberg M, Gaspari M, Rantanen A, Trifunovic A, Larsson NG, Gustafsson CM (July 2002). "Mitochondrial transcription factors B1 and B2 activate transcription of human mtDNA". Nature Genetics. 31 (3): 289–294. doi:10.1038/ng909. PMID 12068295. S2CID 11164308.
- McCulloch V, Shadel GS (August 2003). "Human mitochondrial transcription factor B1 interacts with the C-terminal activation region of h-mtTFA and stimulates transcription independently of its RNA methyltransferase activity". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (16): 5816–5824. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.16.5816-5824.2003. PMC 166325. PMID 12897151.
- Graziewicz MA, Longley MJ, Bienstock RJ, Zeviani M, Copeland WC (August 2004). "Structure-function defects of human mitochondrial DNA polymerase in autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 11 (8): 770–776. doi:10.1038/nsmb805. PMID 15258572. S2CID 12460199.
- Kravchenko JE, Rogozin IB, Koonin EV, Chumakov PM (August 2005). "Transcription of mammalian messenger RNAs by a nuclear RNA polymerase of mitochondrial origin". Nature. 436 (7051): 735–739. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..735K. doi:10.1038/nature03848. PMC 1352165. PMID 16079853.
- Wang Z, Cotney J, Shadel GS (April 2007). "Human mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPL12 interacts directly with mitochondrial RNA polymerase to modulate mitochondrial gene expression". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (17): 12610–12618. doi:10.1074/jbc.M700461200. PMC 2606046. PMID 17337445.
External links
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: O00411 (Human DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial (POLRMT)) at the PDBe-KB.
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