List of Ohio ballot measures

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Issue 1
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The following is a list of statewide initiatives and referendums modifying state law and proposing state constitutional amendments in Ohio, sorted by election.

Before 1910

1867

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Amendment 1 A constitutional amendment denying the right to vote to draft dodgers, deserters, and people who engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the US government and repealing the provision limiting voting rights to whites.[1] Failed 216,987 (45.94%) 255,340 (54.06%)

1883

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Amendment 1 A constitutional amendment replacing district courts with circuit courts and reorganizing the Supreme Court.[1] Passed 400,919 (73.53%) 144,335 (26.47%)
Amendment 2 A constitutional amendment allowing the general assembly to tax and regulate the traffic of intoxicating liquors.[2] Failed 99,238 (25.59%) 288,605 (74.41%)
Amendment 3 A constitutional amendment prohibiting the manufacture of and traffic in intoxicating liquors to be used as a beverage.[3] Failed[a] 323,129 (58.78%) 226,595 (41.22%)

1903

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Governor's Veto Amendment A constitutional amendment giving veto power to the governor.[1] Passed 458,681 (57.55%) 338,317 (42.45%)

1910–1919

1910

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Constitutional Convention Question A measure calling for a constitutional convention.[4] Passed 693,263 (91.10%) 67,718 (8.90%)

1912

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Abolition of Capital Punishment Amendment A constitutional amendment abolishing the death penalty.[1] Failed 258,706 (46.04%) 303,246 (53.96%)
Municipal Home Rule Amendment A constitutional amendment allowing for municipal home rule.[1] Passed 301,861 (58.39%) 215,120 (41.61%)
Limiting Veto Power of Governor Amendment A constitutional amendment lowering the threshold for overriding the governor's veto from a 2/3 vote to a 3/5 vote of all members in each house.[5] Passed 282,412 (52.63%) 254,186 (47.37%)
Initiative and Referendum Amendment A constitutional amendment creating the initiative and referendum process.[1] Passed 312,592 (57.47%) 231,312 (42.53%)
Methods of Submitting Amendments to the Constitution Amendment A constitutional amendment requiring constitutional amendments to receive a simple majority of votes to pass rather than a majority of the total votes cast in the election.[6] Passed 271,827 (52.42%) 246,687 (47.58%)
Removing White Racial Qualification from Voter Requirements Amendment A constitutional amendment removing the word "white" from voter qualifications.[1] Failed 242,735 (47.74%) 265,693 (52.26%)
Women's Suffrage Amendment A constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote.[1] Failed 249,420 (42.54%) 336,875 (57.46%)
Eligibility of Women to Certain Offices Amendment A constitutional amendment allowing women to hold certain offices.[1] Failed 261,806 (47.93%) 284,370 (52.07%)

1914

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Alcohol Prohibition Amendment A constitutional amendment prohibiting the manufacture, importation, and sale of alcoholic beverages.[1] Failed 504,177 (46.15%) 588,329 (53.85%)
Women's Suffrage Amendment A constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote.[1] Failed 335,390 (39.29%) 518,295 (60.71%)

1915

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Alcohol Prohibition Amendment A constitutional amendment prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.[1] Failed 484,969 (47.30%) 540,377 (52.70%)

1917

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Alcohol Prohibition Amendment A constitutional amendment prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.[1] Failed 522,590 (47.04%) 588,382 (52.96%)
Women's Suffrage in Presidential Elections Referendum A referendum granting women the right to vote in presidential elections.[7] Failed 422,282 (42.63%) 568,382 (57.37%)

1918

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Alcohol Prohibition Amendment A constitutional amendment prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.[1] Passed 463,354 (51.41%) 437,895 (48.59%)
Veto Referendums on Legislative Ratification of Federal Constitutional Amendments Amendment A constitutional amendment allowing veto referendums on the state's ratification of federal constitutional amendments.[8] Passed 508,282 (61.74%) 315,030 (38.26%)

1919

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Repeal Alcohol Prohibition Amendment A constitutional amendment repealing the prohibition of alcohol.[1] Failed 454,933 (47.80%) 496,876 (52.20%)
Definition of Intoxicating Liquor Amendment A constitutional amendment excluding beverages with 2.75% or less alcohol by weight from the definition of intoxicating liquor.[9] Failed 474,907 (48.48%) 504,688 (51.52%)
Alcohol Prohibition Referendum A referendum establishing the prohibition of alcohol.[10] Failed 474,078 (48.63%) 500,812 (51.37%)
Ratification of 18th Amendment to US Constitution Referendum A referendum upholding the state's ratification of the 18th Amendment to the US Constitution, which established federal prohibition of alcohol. Failed 499,971 (49.98%) 500,450 (50.02%)

1980–1989

1980

June 1980

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment allowing non-profit organizations to become political subdivisions of the state for the purpose of operating electric utilities.[11] Failed 793,256 (41.36%) 1,124,596 (58.64%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment allowing the state and local governments to borrow money to construct low-income housing.[12] Failed 797,020 (41.21%) 1,137,028 (58.79%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of bonds for transportation projects.[13] Failed 815,011 (42.91%) 1,084,438 (57.09%)
Issue 4 A constitutional amendment requiring copies of proposed municipal or county charters or amendments to charters to each household with a registered voter and allowing the legislature to provide other means for publicizing proposed charters.[14] Failed 868,199 (47.59%) 956,204 (52.41%)

November 1980

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment allowing the general assembly to classify real property for tax purposes.[1][15] Passed 1,973,344 (52.98%) 1,751,277 (47.02%)
Issue 2 An initiative changing state taxes on income, real state, corporations, and personal property.[16][15] Failed 880,671 (22.69%) 3,000,028 (77.31%)

1981

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment allowing private insurance companies to sell worker's compensation insurance coverage.[17] Failed 572,227 (20.91%) 2,164,395 (79.09%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment changing the methods for establishing congressional and state legislative districts.[18] Failed 1,093,485 (41.94%) 1,513,502 (58.06%)

1982

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment allowing the state to issue revenue bonds to make financing available for low-cost housing.[19] Passed 1,827,453 (57.40%) 1,356,336 (42.60%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment authorizing the construction of a high-speed rail system and levying a 1% sales tax to fund it.[20] Failed 708,605 (22.64%) 2,420,593 (77.36%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment providing for the elections of members of the Public Utilities Commission and providing public financing for their campaigns.[21] Failed 1,053,274 (32.62%) 2,175,893 (67.38%)

1983

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment raising the minimum age for alcohol possession and consumption to 21 years old.[1][22] Failed 1,386,959 (41.37%) 1,965,469 (58.63%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment requiring a 3/5ths supermajority in the general assembly to increase taxes.[1][22] Failed 1,354,320 (40.77%) 1,967,129 (59.23%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment repealing all taxes passed since 1982.[1][22] Failed 1,452,061 (43.54%) 1,883,270 (56.46%)

1985

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of bonds to fund coal research and development.[23] Passed 1,439,344 (64.06%) 807,647 (35.94%)

1987

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment requiring all net proceeds of the state lotteries to be used exclusively for funding education.[24] Passed 1,984,905 (77.86%) 564,421 (22.14%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of up to $1.2 billion in bonds to fund public infrastructure projects.[25] Passed 1,674,913 (70.84%) 689,383 (29.16%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment abolishing direct elections for Ohio Supreme Court and appeals court judges and replacing it with an appointment system.[26] Failed 878,683 (35.44%) 1,600,588 (64.56%)

1989

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment allowing the governor to nominate a lieutenant governor in case of a vacancy, who would take office after a majority vote from both houses of the General Assembly.[27] Passed 1,641,719 (65.28%) 873,114 (34.72%)

1990–1999

1990

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment allowing the state to provide funding for housing assistance.[28] Passed 1,705,528 (52.92%) 1,517,466 (47.08%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment allowing spouses of people receiving a homestead tax exemption to continue receiving it after their spouse's death.[29] Passed 2,967,935 (88.84%) 372,950 (11.16%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment authorizing the licensing of a casino in Lorain.[30] Failed 1,270,387 (37.71%) 2,098,725 (62.29%)

1992

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Constitutional Convention Question A measure calling for a constitutional convention.[31] Failed 1,672,373 (38.60%) 2,660,270 (61.40%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment limiting US Senators to two consecutive terms and Representatives to four consecutive terms.[1][32] Passed 2,897,123 (66.24%) 1,476,461 (33.76%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment establishing term limits for state legislators.[1][33] Passed 2,982,285 (68.40%) 1,378,009 (31.60%)
Issue 4 A constitutional amendment limiting certain executive officials to two successive four-year terms.[1][34] Passed 3,028,288 (69.18%) 1,349,244 (30.82%)
Toxic Chemicals Labeling, Taxation, and Regulation Initiative An initiative requiring warning labels for chemicals that cause cancer or reproductive harm and imposing taxes on the release or transfer of toxic chemicals.[35] Failed 1,007,882 (21.93%) 3,587,734 (78.07%)

1993

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of bonds to improve parks, recreation areas, and natural resources.[36] Passed 1,547,841 (60.56%) 1,008,172 (39.44%)

1994

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment granting the state Supreme Court direct review of death penalty cases.[1][37] Passed 2,199,791 (70.14%) 936,323 (29.86%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment requiring victims of crime to be afforded certain rights.[1][38] Passed 2,447,260 (77.64%) 704,650 (22.36%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment authorizing the sale of tuition credits to Ohio residents.[1][39] Passed 1,816,087 (60.39%) 1,191,116 (39.61%)
Issue 4 A constitutional amendment prohibiting taxes on carbonated beverages.[1][40] Passed 2,228,874 (66.42%) 1,126,728 (33.58%)

1995

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment limiting the governor's authority to reduce criminal sentences.[1][41] Passed 1,816,213 (70.98%) 742,590 (29.02%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment allowing the state to issue $2.4 billion in general obligation bonds for public infrastructure projects.[1][42] Passed 1,408,834 (61.94%) 865,698 (38.06%)

1996

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment authorizing riverboat casino gambling.[1][43] Failed 1,639,955 (38.15%) 2,659,075 (61.85%)

1997

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment allowing courts to deny bail to a person charged with a felony offense in certain circumstances.[44] Passed 2,168,949 (72.96%) 803,658 (27.04%)
Amend Worker's Compensation Law Referendum A referendum amending Workers' Compensation laws.[45] Failed 1,305,040 (42.99%) 1,730,502 (57.01%)

1998

May 1998

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Bonds for Public Schools and Higher Education Institutions Amendment A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of bonds to finance the facilities of public educational institutions.[46] Failed 708,439 (39.31%) 1,093,570 (60.69%)
Sales Tax Increase for Public Schools and Homestead Tax Changes Measure A measure increasing the sales tax by 1% to fund public schools and provide property tax relief.[47] Failed 383,913 (20.08%) 1,527,536 (79.92%)

November 1998

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 An initiative prohibiting the hunting of mourning doves.[48][49] Failed 1,348,533 (40.55%) 1,976,981 (59.45%)

1999

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of bonds to fund the acquisition, construction, and improvement of public educational institutions.[1][50] Passed 1,303,830 (60.81%) 840,240 (39.19%)

2000–2009

2000

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of bonds to finance projects for environmental conservation and revitalization purposes.[51] Passed 2,197,773 (57.44%) 1,628,716 (42.56%)

2002

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment allowing persons charged with illegal drug possession to choose treatment instead of incarceration in certain circumstances.[52] Failed 1,012,682 (33.08%) 2,048,770 (66.92%)

2003

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of bonds and other financial assistance to support science and technology research.[53] Failed 1,195,706 (49.19%) 1,235,323 (50.81%)

2004

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment defining marriage as a union between one man and one woman.[54] Passed 3,329,335 (61.71%) 2,065,462 (38.29%)

2005

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment allowing the state to issue $2 billion in general obligation bonds.[55] Passed 1,512,669 (54.12%) 1,282,571 (45.88%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment authorizing absentee voting for all voters.[56] Failed 1,065,109 (36.66%) 1,840,658 (63.34%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment establishing limits on political contributions and requiring public disclosure of campaign expenditures.[57] Failed 955,334 (33.14%) 1,927,502 (66.86%)
Issue 4 A constitutional amendment establishing a state legislative and congressional redistricting commission.[58] Failed 871,898 (30.30%) 2,005,952 (69.70%)
Issue 5 A constitutional amendment establishing an appointed board to administer statewide elections.[59] Failed 854,918 (29.92%) 2,001,983 (70.08%)

2006

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment raising the minimum wage to $6.85 per hour.[60] Passed 2,205,929 (56.65%) 1,688,029 (43.35%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment permitting slot machines at horse racing tracks.[61] Failed 1,753,452 (43.40%) 2,286,840 (56.60%)
Issue 4 A constitutional amendment prohibiting tobacco smoking in certain enclosed spaces.[62] Failed 1,450,164 (35.89%) 2,590,448 (64.11%)
Issue 5 An initiative prohibiting tobacco smoking in public places.[63] Passed 2,370,314 (58.52%) 1,679,833 (41.48%)

2008

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment changing the signature deadline for initiatives.[64] Passed 3,397,389 (68.67%) 1,550,365 (31.33%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of bonds for environmental conservation.[65] Passed 3,574,294 (69.27%) 1,585,410 (30.73%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment protecting property owners' right to reasonably use ground water beneath their land.[66] Passed 3,631,380 (71.95%) 1,415,933 (28.05%)
Issue 5 A referendum on whether a law relating to payday lending fees, interest rates, and practices should go into effect.[67] Passed 3,396,968 (63.61%) 1,943,721 (36.39%)
Issue 6 A constitutional amendment authorizing construction of a casino.[68] Failed 2,092,074 (37.64%) 3,466,574 (62.36%)

2009

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of bonds to provide compensation to veterans of certain wars.[69] Passed 2,277,521 (72.21%) 876,520 (27.79%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment establishing the Ohio Livestock Care Standards Board.[70] Passed 2,020,851 (63.76%) 1,148,538 (36.24%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment authorizing a casino in Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, and Toledo, and levying a tax on casino revenue.[71] Passed 1,713,288 (52.99%) 1,519,636 (47.01%)

2010–2019

2010

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment authorizing $700 million in bonds for the Ohio Third Frontier program.[72] Passed 1,050,278 (61.73%) 651,001 (38.27%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment changing the location of the Columbus casino.[73] Passed 1,154,518 (68.32%) 534,025 (31.68%)

2011

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment raising the mandatory judicial retirement age to 75.[74] Failed 1,273,536 (37.97%) 2,080,207 (62.03%)
Issue 2 A referendum limiting collective bargaining for public employees.[75] Failed 1,373,724 (38.41%) 2,202,404 (61.59%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment prohibiting the state from compelling participation in a healthcare system.[76] Passed 2,268,470 (65.58%) 1,190,385 (34.42%)

2012

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A measure calling for a constitutional convention.[77] Failed 1,523,239 (31.92%) 3,248,142 (68.08%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment establishing a citizen redistricting commission for state legislative and congressional districts.[78] Failed 1,800,107 (36.82%) 3,088,414 (63.18%)

2014

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of bonds to fund public infrastructure projects.[79] Passed 797,207 (65.11%) 427,273 (34.89%)

2015

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment creating the Ohio Redistricting Commission responsible for state legislative redistricting.[80] Passed 2,126,822 (71.47%) 849,043 (28.53%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment prohibiting ballot measures that create monopolies.[81] Passed 1,621,329 (51.33%) 1,537,261 (48.67%)
Issue 3 A constitutional amendment legalizing recreational marijuana and granting certain facilities a monopoly on the production and sale of marijuana.[82] Failed 1,166,692 (36.35%) 2,042,902 (63.65%)

2017

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment enacting Marsy's Law to expand the rights of crime victims.[83] Passed 1,921,172 (82.59%) 404,957 (17.41%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment requiring the state to purchase drugs at prices no higher than the prices that the VA pays.[84] Failed 483,983 (20.85%) 1,837,608 (79.15%)

2018

May 2018

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment changing the vote requirements and the procedures for congressional redistricting.[85] Passed 1,178,468 (74.89%) 395,088 (25.11%)

November 2018

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment making drug possession and use offenses no more than misdemeanors and allocating savings to drug treatment, crime victim, and rehabilitation programs.[86] Failed 1,623,933 (36.97%) 2,769,140 (63.03%)

2020–

2022

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment requiring courts to consider factors such as public safety, the seriousness of the offense, and the person's criminal record when setting the amount of bail.[87] Passed 3,107,629 (77.50%) 901,997 (22.50%)
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment prohibiting noncitizens from voting.[88] Passed 3,099,868 (76.90%) 931,205 (23.10%)

2023

August 2023

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment requiring a 60% vote to approve a constitutional amendment and require citizen-initiated constitutional amendment campaigns to collect signatures from all 88 of Ohio's counties.[89] Failed 1,329,052 (42.89%) 1,769,482 (57.11%)

November 2023

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment establishing the individual right to make and carry out one's own reproductive decisions on abortion, contraception, fertility treatment, and miscarriage care, and prohibiting the state from restricting abortion prior to fetal viability.[90] Passed 2,227,384 (56.78%) 1,695,480 (43.22%)
Issue 2 An initiative legalizing recreational marijuana and imposing a 10% tax on marijuana sales.[91] Passed 2,226,399 (57.19%) 1,666,316 (42.81%)

2024

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 1 A constitutional amendment establishing the Ohio Citizens Redistricting Commission, a non-politician commission responsible for state legislative and congressional redistricting.[92] Failed 2,531,900 (46.29%) 2,937,489 (53.71%)

2025

Measure name Description Status Yes votes No votes
Issue 2 A constitutional amendment authorizing the issuance of up to $2.5 billion in bonds to fund public infrastructure projects.[93] Passed 593,691 (67.81%) 281,862 (32.19%)

Notes

  1. ^ A majority of the total 721,310 votes cast in the election (360,656) were needed for the amendment to pass.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Burchfield, Amy. "LibGuides: Ohio Constitution - Law and History: Table of Proposed Amendments". guides.law.csuohio.edu. Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  2. ^ "Ohio Regulation of Liquor Traffic, Amendment 2 (October 1883)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  3. ^ "Ohio Prohibition of Liquor Traffic, Amendment 3 (October 1883)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  4. ^ "Ohio Constitutional Convention Question (1910)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  5. ^ "Ohio Lower Legislative Veto Override Threshold Amendment (September 1912)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  6. ^ "Ohio Simple Majority Vote for Constitutional Amendments Measure (September 1912)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  7. ^ "Ohio Women's Suffrage in Presidential Elections Referendum (1917)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  8. ^ "Ohio Veto Referendums on Legislative Ratification of Federal Constitutional Amendments Initiative (1918)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  9. ^ "Ohio Definition of Intoxicating Liquor to Exclude Certain Beverages Initiative (1919)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  10. ^ "Ohio State Alcohol Prohibition Referendum (1919)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  11. ^ "Ohio Non-Profit Electric Utilities Amendment (June 1980)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  12. ^ "Ohio Money for Low-Incoming Housing Amendment (June 1980)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  13. ^ "Ohio Bonds for Transportation Projects Amendment (June 1980)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  14. ^ "Ohio Municipal Charter Proposal Delivered to Households or Other Methods Amendment (June 1980)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  15. ^ a b "The Daily Sentinel - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  16. ^ "Ohio Changes to State Taxes Initiative (1980)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  17. ^ "Ohio Private Worker's Compensation Insurance Initiative (1981)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  18. ^ "Ohio Establishment of Reapportionment and Redistricting Commission Initiative (1981)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  19. ^ "Ohio Bonds for Low-Cost Housing Amendment (1982)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  20. ^ "Ohio Sales Tax Increase to Fund High-Speed Rail Amendment (1982)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  21. ^ "Ohio Election of Members of the Public Utilities Commission Initiative (1982)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  22. ^ a b c "Daily Times - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  23. ^ "Ohio Bonds Issue for Coal Research and Development Amendment (1985)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  24. ^ "Ohio State Lottery Funds for Education Amendment (1987)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  25. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Local Public Infrastructure Bond Amendment (1987)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  26. ^ "Ohio Selection of Supreme and Appellate Court Judges Initiative (1987)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  27. ^ "Ohio Lieutenant Governor Vacancies Amendment (1989)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-23.
  28. ^ "Ohio Funding for Housing Assistance Amendment (1990)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  29. ^ "Ohio Spousal Continuance for the Homestead Tax Exemption Amendment (1990)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  30. ^ "Ohio Licensing of a Casino in Lorain Initiative (1990)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  31. ^ "Ohio Constitutional Convention Question (1992)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  32. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/Steinglass-Issue2-Nov31992.pdf
  33. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/Steinglass-Issue3-Nov31992.pdf
  34. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/Steinglass-Issue4-NOv31992.pdf
  35. ^ "Ohio Toxic Chemicals Labeling, Taxation, and Regulation Initiative (1992)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  36. ^ "Ohio Bonds for Enhancement of Natural Resources Amendment (1993)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  37. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/OhioIssuesReport-issue1Nov.81994.pdf
  38. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/OhioIssuesReport-issue2Nov.81994.pdf
  39. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/OhioIssuesReport-issue3Nov.81994.pdf
  40. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/OhioIssuesReport-issue4Nov.81994.pdf
  41. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/1995issue1.pdf
  42. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/1995issue2.pdf
  43. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/OhioIssuesReport-Nov.51996.pdf
  44. ^ "Ohio Bail Restrictions for Felony Charges Amendment (1997)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  45. ^ "Ohio Amend Worker's Compensation Law Referendum (1997)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  46. ^ "Ohio Bonds for Public Schools and Higher Education Institutions Amendment (May 1998)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  47. ^ "Ohio Sales Tax Increase for Public Schools and Homestead Tax Changes Measure (May 1998)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  48. ^ "Ohio Prohibition of Mourning Dove Hunting Initiative (1998)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-13.
  49. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/issu98la.pdf
  50. ^ https://www.law.csuohio.edu/sites/default/files/lawlibrary/ohioconlaw/1999_proposed_amendment_1999.pdf
  51. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Environmental Conservation and Revitalization Bond Amendment (2000)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  52. ^ "Ohio Issue No. 1, Drug Treatment in Lieu of Incarceration Initiative (2002)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  53. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Bonds for Science and Technology Research and Development Amendment (2003)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  54. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Definition of Marriage Initiative (2004)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  55. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Local Public Infrastructure and Economic Development Bond Amendment (2005)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  56. ^ "Ohio Issue No. 2, Absentee Voting Initiative (2005)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  57. ^ "Ohio Issue 3, Campaign Finance Initiative (2005)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  58. ^ "Ohio Issue 4, Redistricting Commission Initiative (2005)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  59. ^ "Ohio Issue No. 5, Establishment of State Election Board Initiative (2005)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  60. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2006)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  61. ^ "Ohio Issue 3, Casino Gambling for Education and Government Funding Initiative (2006)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  62. ^ "Ohio Issue 4, Prohibit Smoking Tobacco in Enclosed Spaces Initiative (2006)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  63. ^ "Ohio Issue 5, Prohibit Smoking in Public Places Initiative (2006)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  64. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Ballot Initiative Signature Deadline Amendment (2008)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  65. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Bonds for Environmental Conservation Amendment (2008)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  66. ^ "Ohio Issue 3, Property Water Rights Amendment (2008)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  67. ^ "Ohio Issue 5, Payday Lending Referendum (2008)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  68. ^ "Ohio Issue 6, Casino Approval and Tax Distribution Initiative (2008)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  69. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Bonds for Veteran Compensation Amendment (2009)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  70. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Livestock Care Standards Amendment (2009)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  71. ^ "Ohio Issue 3, Casino Authorization and Tax Distribution Initiative (2009)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  72. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Third Frontier Program Economic Development Bond Amendment (May 2010)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  73. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Columbus Casino Relocation Amendment (May 2010)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  74. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Increase Judicial Retirement Age and Eliminate Governor's Power to Appoint Supreme Court Commission Amendment (2011)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  75. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Public Employee Collective Bargaining Referendum (2011)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  76. ^ "Ohio Issue 3, State Cannot Compel Healthcare Participation Amendment (2011)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  77. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Constitutional Convention Question (2012)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  78. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Redistricting Commission Initiative (2012)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  79. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Local Public Infrastructure Bond Amendment (May 2014)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  80. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Redistricting Commission Amendment (2015)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  81. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Ballot Initiatives to Create Monopolies Amendment (2015)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  82. ^ "Ohio Issue 3, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2015)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  83. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Initiative (2017)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  84. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Drug Price Standards Initiative (2017)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  85. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Congressional Redistricting Procedures Amendment (May 2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  86. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Drug and Criminal Justice Policies Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  87. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Determining Bail Amount Based on Public Safety Amendment (2022)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  88. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Citizenship Voting Requirement Amendment (2022)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  89. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, 60% Vote Requirement to Approve Constitutional Amendments Measure (2023)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  90. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  91. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2023)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  92. ^ "Ohio Issue 1, Establish the Citizens Redistricting Commission Initiative (2024)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
  93. ^ "Ohio Issue 2, Local Public Infrastructure Bond Amendment (May 2025)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2025-06-10.
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