Ibrahim II of Bornu
| Ibrahim II | |
|---|---|
| Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire | |
| Reign | 1433–1440 |
| Predecessor | Abdullah III Dakumuni |
| Successor | Kade III |
| Dynasty | Sayfawa dynasty |
| Father | Othman |
Ibrahim II (Ibrāhīm bin ʿUthmān[1]) was the mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1433–1440,[1] ruling during a century-long chaotic period of internal and external conflict.
Life
Later Kanem–Bornu chronicles designate Ibrahim II as a son of Othman,[2] though it is unclear if Othman I, Othman II, or Othman III Kalinumuwa is meant. The German researcher Dierk Lange believes Ibrahim to have been a son of Othman III Kalinumuwa.[3]
The chronology of Ibrahim II's reign is confused in the sources. The girgam and diwan (later Kanem–Bornu sources) attribute Ibrahim a reign of eight years and designates him as the successor of Abdullah III Dakumuni and predecessor of Kade III.[1][4] Abdullah Dakumuni is, however, also recorded to have been engaged in a civil war with his kaigama (chief general) Abdullah Dighelma, who dethroned him and replaced him with Ibrahim II. When Ibrahim died, Abdullah Dighelma supposedly made Abdullah Dakumuni mai again.[4] Ibrahim is contradictorily also recorded to have been murdered by (his successor) Kade III, who may have been his brother.[4]
Ibrahim did not keep a regular court and rarely, if at all, showed himself to the public. This inspired discontent among the people, which reportedly led to his murder by Kade.[4]
References
- ^ a b c Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2012) [1996]. The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 126–127. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7.
- ^ Cohen, Ronald (1966). "The Bornu King Lists". Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History. Boston University Press. p. 81.
- ^ Lange, Dierk (1984). "The kingdoms and peoples of Chad". In Niane, Djibril Tamsir (ed.). General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. University of California. p. 261. ISBN 978-92-3-101710-0.
- ^ a b c d Barth, Heinrich (1857). Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a Journal of an Expedition Undertaken... 1849-1855. Longmans. pp. 641–643.