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Events in the year 2011 in the United States.
Incumbents
Federal government
- Nancy Pelosi (D-California) (until January 3)
- John Boehner (R-Ohio) (since January 5)
Governors and lieutenant governors
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Governors
- Governor of Alabama: Bob Riley (Republican) (until January 17), Robert J. Bentley (Republican) (starting January 17)
- Governor of Alaska: Sean Parnell (Republican)
- Governor of Arizona: Jan Brewer (Republican)
- Governor of Arkansas: Mike Beebe (Democratic)
- Governor of California: Arnold Schwarzenegger (Republican) (until January 3), Jerry Brown (Democratic) (starting January 3)
- Governor of Colorado: Bill Ritter (Democratic) (until January 11), John Hickenlooper (Democratic) (starting January 11)
- Governor of Connecticut: Jodi Rell (Republican) (until January 5), Dannel Malloy (Democratic) (starting January 5)
- Governor of Delaware: Jack Markell (Democratic)
- Governor of Florida: Charlie Crist (Republican)/(Independent) (until January 4), Rick Scott (Republican) (starting January 4)
- Governor of Georgia: Sonny Perdue (Republican) (until January 10), Nathan Deal (Republican) (starting January 10)
- Governor of Hawaii: Neil Abercrombie (Democratic)
- Governor of Idaho: Butch Otter (Republican)
- Governor of Illinois: Pat Quinn (Democratic)
- Governor of Indiana: Mitch Daniels (Republican)
- Governor of Iowa: Chet Culver (Democratic) (until January 14), Terry E. Branstad (Republican) (starting January 14)
- Governor of Kansas: Mark Parkinson (Democratic) (until January 10), Sam Brownback (Republican) (starting January 10)
- Governor of Kentucky: Steve Beshear (Democratic)
- Governor of Louisiana: Bobby Jindal (Republican)
- Governor of Maine: John Baldacci (Democratic) (until January 5), Paul LePage (Republican) (starting January 5)
- Governor of Maryland: Martin O'Malley (Democratic)
- Governor of Massachusetts: Deval Patrick (Democratic)
- Governor of Michigan: Jennifer Granholm (Democratic) (until January 1), Rick Snyder (Republican) (starting January 1)
- Governor of Minnesota: Tim Pawlenty (Republican) (until January 3), Mark Dayton (Democratic) (starting January 3)
- Governor of Mississippi: Haley Barbour (Republican)
- Governor of Missouri: Jay Nixon (Democratic)
- Governor of Montana: Brian Schweitzer (Democratic)
- Governor of Nebraska: Dave Heineman (Republican)
- Governor of Nevada: Jim Gibbons (Republican) (until January 3), Brian Sandoval (Republican) (starting January 3)
- Governor of New Hampshire: John Lynch (Democratic)
- Governor of New Jersey: Chris Christie (Republican)
- Governor of New Mexico: Bill Richardson (Democratic) (until January 1), Susana Martinez (Republican) (starting January 1)
- Governor of New York: Andrew Cuomo (Democratic) (starting January 1)
- Governor of North Carolina: Bev Perdue (Democratic)
- Governor of North Dakota: Jack Dalrymple (Republican)
- Governor of Ohio: Ted Strickland (Democratic) (until January 10), John Kasich (Republican) (starting January 10)
- Governor of Oklahoma: Brad Henry (Democratic) (until January 10), Mary Fallin (Republican) (starting January 10)
- Governor of Oregon: Ted Kulongoski (Democratic) (until January 10), John Kitzhaber (Democratic) (starting January 10)
- Governor of Pennsylvania: Ed Rendell (Democratic) (until January 18), Tom Corbett (Republican) (starting January 18)
- Governor of Rhode Island: Donald Carcieri (Republican) (until January 4), Lincoln Chafee (Independent)/(Democratic) (starting January 4)
- Governor of South Carolina: Mark Sanford (Republican) (until January 12), Nikki Haley (Republican) (starting January 12)
- Governor of South Dakota: Mike Rounds (Republican) (until January 8), Dennis Daugaard (Republican) (starting January 8)
- Governor of Tennessee: Phil Bredesen (Democratic) (until January 15), Bill Haslam (Republican) (starting January 15)
- Governor of Texas: Rick Perry (Republican)
- Governor of Utah: Gary Herbert (Republican)
- Governor of Vermont: Jim Douglas (Republican) (until January 6), Peter Shumlin (Democratic) (starting January 6)
- Governor of Virginia: Bob McDonnell (Republican)
- Governor of Washington: Christine Gregoire (Democratic)
- Governor of West Virginia: Earl Ray Tomblin (Democratic)
- Governor of Wisconsin: Jim Doyle (Democratic) (until January 3), Scott Walker (Republican) (starting January 3)
- Governor of Wyoming: Dave Freudenthal (Democratic) (until January 3), Matt Mead (Republican) (starting January 3)
Lieutenant governors
- Lieutenant Governor of Alabama: Jim Folsom Jr. (Democratic) (until January 17), Kay Ivey (Republican) (starting January 17)
- Lieutenant Governor of Alaska: Mead Treadwell (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas: Bill Halter (Democratic) (until January 11), Mark Darr (Republican) (starting January 11)
- Lieutenant Governor of California: Abel Maldonado (Republican) (until January 10), Gavin Newsom (Democratic) (starting January 10)
- Lieutenant Governor of Colorado: Barbara O'Brien (Democratic) (until January 11), Joseph A. García (Democratic) (starting January 11)
- Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: Michael Fedele (Republican) (until January 5), Nancy Wyman (Democratic) (starting January 5)
- Lieutenant Governor of Delaware: Matthew Denn (Democratic)
- Lieutenant Governor of Florida: Jeff Kottkamp (Republican) (until January 4), Jennifer Carroll (Republican) (starting January 4)
- Lieutenant Governor of Georgia: Casey Cagle (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii: Brian Schatz (Democratic)
- Lieutenant Governor of Idaho: Brad Little (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Illinois:
- Lieutenant Governor of Indiana: Becky Skillman (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Iowa: Patty Judge (Democratic) (until January 14), Kim Reynolds (Republican) (starting January 14)
- Lieutenant Governor of Kansas: Troy Findley (Democratic) (until January 10), Jeff Colyer (Republican) (starting January 10)
- Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: Daniel Mongiardo (Democratic) (until December 13), Jerry Abramson (Democratic) (starting December 13)
- Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana: Jay Dardenne (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Maryland: Anthony Brown (Democratic)
- Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: Tim Murray (Democratic)
- Lieutenant Governor of Michigan: John D. Cherry (Democratic) (until January 1), Brian Calley (Republican) (starting January 1)
- Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota: Carol Molnau (Republican) (until January 3), Yvonne Prettner Solon (Democratic) (starting January 3)
- Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi: Phil Bryant (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Missouri: Peter Kinder (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Montana: John Bohlinger (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska: Rick Sheehy (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Nevada: Brian Krolicki (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey: Kim Guadagno (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico: Diane Denish (Democratic) (until January 1), John Sanchez (Republican) (starting January 1)
- Lieutenant Governor of New York: Robert Duffy (Democratic) (starting January 1)
- Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina: Walter H. Dalton (Democratic)
- Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota: Drew Wrigley (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Ohio: Lee Fisher (Democratic) (until January 10), Mary Taylor (Republican) (starting January 10)
- Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma: Jari Askins (Democratic) (until January 10), Todd Lamb (Republican) (starting January 10)
- Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania: Joseph B. Scarnati (Republican) (until January 18), Jim Cawley (Republican) (starting January 18)
- Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Elizabeth H. Roberts (Democratic)
- Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: André Bauer (Republican) (until January 12), Ken Ard (Republican) (starting January 12)
- Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota: Dennis Daugaard (Republican) (until January 8), Matt Michels (Republican) (starting January 8)
- Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee: Ron Ramsey (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Texas: David Dewhurst (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Utah: Greg Bell (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Brian Dubie (Republican) (until January 6), Phillip Scott (Republican) (starting January 6)
- Lieutenant Governor of Virginia: Bill Bolling (Republican)
- Lieutenant Governor of Washington: Brad Owen (Democratic)
- Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin: Barbara Lawton (Democratic) (until January 3), Rebecca Kleefisch (Republican) (starting January 3)
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Events
January
- January 3
- According to Dr. Daniel Haber, chief of Massachusetts General Hospital's cancer center, virtually unlimited metastatic cancer detection becomes possible using a screening method that can find cancer in the periphery.[3][4] Further, the method appears to be a sound process for monitoring the progress of intervention and thereby modifying the treatment protocol.
- Lawmakers in 14 states (Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Idaho, Indiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas and Utah) announce plans to curtail application of parts of the 14th Amendment in their respective states.
- Wisconsin becomes the 22nd state to sue the federal government over the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
- January 6 – The US Constitution is read aloud on the floor of the US House of Representatives for the first time in history.[5]
- January 7 – Oklahoma and Wyoming join the other 22 states suing the federal government over the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.[6]
- January 8 – 2011 Tucson shooting: In Tucson, Arizona, a gunman opens fire at a constituent meeting led by U.S. representative Gabby Giffords, injuring 14, including Giffords, and killing six, including U.S. Federal Judge John Roll. The primary suspect, Jared Lee Loughner, is taken into custody.[7]
- January 10
- January 11 – Ohio becomes the 25th state to sue the federal government over the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
- January 12 – Kansas and Maine join the other 25 states suing the federal government over the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
- January 18 – U.S. president Barack Obama begins a four-day meeting with Chinese president Hu Jintao.[10]
- January 19
- January 20 – In a landmark study, a new technique renders T-Cells resistant to HIV.[13][14]
- January 25 – U.S. president Barack Obama delivers his 2011 State of the Union Address.[15]
- January 31 – Florida federal judge Roger Vinson rules that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is unconstitutional because of the individual mandate it contains.[16]
- January 31–February 2 – A blizzard dumps as much as 2 feet (60 cm) of snow across the Midwestern United States, causing at least 24 storm-related deaths.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]
February
March
- March 1 – The U.S. House of Representatives passes a small spending bill that funds the federal government until March 18 and cuts $4 billion in spending, averting a potential government shutdown.[52]
- March 3
- March 9
- March 10 – The Wisconsin State Assembly passes the law that restricts bargaining rights for unions in a 53–42 vote.
- March 11 – Following the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issues a tsunami warning to parts of the U.S. West Coast along the affected coastal areas in Alaska, Hawaii and the U.S. Territories in the Pacific Ocean.
- March 15 – The U.S. House of Representatives passes another small spending bill, avoiding the U.S. government shutdown until April 8.[60]
- March 16 – Wholesale food prices rose by the largest monthly increase in February since November 1974, with an increase of 3.9%. Some economists claim that it will only get worse.[61]
- March 17
- The House cuts all federal funding for NPR.[62]
- The US Senate passes a small spending bill, avoiding a government shutdown until April 8.[63]
- March 18 – NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft becomes the first man-made technology to establish an orbit around Mercury.[64][65]
- March 19 – In light of the continuing attacks on Libyan rebels by Gaddafi forces,[66] military intervention authorized under UNSCR 1973 began as French fighter jets flew reconnaissance flights over Libya.[67] United States Navy ships were said to be preparing for bombardment of Libyan air defenses.[68]
- March 21
- March 24 – According to a landmark study in The New England Journal of Medicine, an orally administered Takeda Pharmaceutical called pioglitazone, marketed as Actos, shows 72 percent effectiveness at the prevention of the development of type 2 diabetes in pre-diabetic subject participants.[70] Ralph DeFronzo, M.D., study leader and professor in the School of Medicine and chief of the diabetes division at The University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, stated that "It's a blockbuster study. The 72 reduction is the largest decrease in the conversion rate of pre-diabetes to diabetes that has ever been demonstrated by any intervention, be it diet, exercise or medication.[71]
- March 25 – Archaeologists report that they have found new artifacts in an archaeological site in Texas which indicates of human existence in America 15,500 years ago – around 2,000 years earlier than the alleged Clovis culture took place, which until recently was considered the first human culture in North America.[72][73]
- March 29 – More than 1.5 million web sites around the world had been infected by the LizaMoon SQL injection attack spread by scareware since Tuesday. Novice computer users should be warned that when a pop up window opens the best way to insure you are not infected is to close the window from the task manager.[74][75]
- March 31
- Because of U.S. federal budget woes and a general migration of information from printed to digital format, the Social Security Administration announces that starting in April 2011, most U.S. workers will no longer receive their annual Social Security benefit estimates in the mail. Citizens are able to look at their social security account retirement benefit estimator online instead of waiting each year for a paper statement.[76]
- A data breach at one of the world's largest providers of marketing-email services, Dallas-based Epsilon, a subsidiary of Alliance Data Systems Corporation, may have enabled unauthorized people to access the names and email addresses for customers of major financial-services, retailing and other companies, (Citigroup Inc., J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., Barclays PLC, U.S. Bancorp, Capital One Financial Corp., Walgreen Co., New York & Co., Kroger Co., Brookstone, McKinsey & Co., Marriott International Inc., Ritz-Carlton and TiVo Inc.).[77]
April
- April 3
- April 4
- April 5
- April 6 – A United States Navy F/A-18 crashes near Naval Air Station Lemoore in California, killing both crew members.[83]
- April 8 – President Obama, House Republicans and Senate Democrats agree on a week-long stopgap spending bill preventing a government shutdown resulting from a failure to pass the 2011 federal budget.[84]
- April 10 – 2011 Masters Tournament: South African Charl Schwartzel won the 2011 event by two strokes over Adam Scott and Jason Day.[85]
- April 13
- April 14–16 – A tornado outbreak and severe thunderstorms kill at least 43 people across the Southern United States, with fatalities occurring in Oklahoma, Arkansas, Alabama, North Carolina and Virginia. It is the deadliest U.S. tornado outbreak to occur in three years.[88]
- April 15 – Rio is released in theaters.
- April 18 – Standard & Poor's downgrades its outlook on long-term sovereign debt of the United States to negative from stable for the first time in history, citing "very large budget deficits and rising government indebtedness" as for why it did so. A statement from Standard & Poor's explained its reasoning; "We believe there is a material risk that U. S. policy-makers might not reach an agreement on how to address medium- and long-term budgetary challenges by 2013; if an agreement is not reached…this would…render the U.S. fiscal profile meaningfully weaker than [its peers]". This could possibly mean the US losing its AAA credit rating.[89]
- April 20 – BooClips digital book app is released.[90][91]
- April 25–28 – The most active tornado outbreak in United States history kills 339 people across the Southeastern United States, becoming the third deadliest tornado outbreak in United States history, falling behind the Tupelo-Gainesville tornado outbreak of April 1936 and the outbreak that produced the Tri-State Tornado of March 1925.
- April 27
- Responding to continued coverage by the mainstream media of Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories, that President Barack Obama was born on August 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama releases his long-form birth certificate.
- In an unprecedented meeting with reporters, the U.S. Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke states that he expects less economic growth for 2011 as the economy has been weaker in recent months than he had thought it would be. Bernanke refused to speculate on when he would discontinue with The Federal Reserve's monetary stimulus policy, known as quantitative easing.[92]
- Eight American troops and one contractor are shot and killed by an Afghan National Army Air Force pilot. Five Afghan soldiers were also wounded in the attack, for which the Taliban claimed responsibility.[93]
May
- May 2
- May 6 – Thor, directed by Kenneth Branagh, is released by Marvel Studios as the fourth film of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).
- May 7 – Jockey John R. Velazquez wins the 2011 Kentucky Derby riding Animal Kingdom.[97]
- May 8 – Mississippi flooding worsens, killing 15 more than the 337 in preceding storms, with the Army Corps of Engineers saying an area between Simmesport, Louisiana and Baton Rouge would be inundated 20–30 feet.[98]
- May 10 – 360,000 Citigroup credit card accounts are hacked.[99]
- May 11 - Dom Strauss the then head of the UN, was arrested at New York JFK airport just before the plane was going to take off. He was accused of raping a woman in a New York City hotel earlier that day. The police stopped the plane and he was arrested and taken off the plane. [100]
- May 12 – Plans are cancelled to install prismatic glass on One World Trade Center's bottom base.
- May 13 – The federal government predicts that the Medicare hospital fund will run out in 2024, five years earlier than the previously projected date of 2029. They also predicted that the Social Security trust fund would run out in 2036, instead of the previously projected date of 2037.[101]
- May 14
- May 16
- STS-134: Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched for the final time at 8:56 A. M. EDT.
- The U.S. Supreme Court makes a controversial 8-1 decision that the exigent circumstance warrantless searches do not violate the Fourth Amendment when it is believed that there is an imminent destruction of evidence."[104][105] Writing for the majority, Associate Justice Samuel Alito said that citizens are under no obligation to respond when law enforcement knocks at the door or, if they do open the door, allow the police to come in. In cases where no exigent circumstances exist, police officers who desire entry would have to persuade a judge to issue a search warrant. But Alito said, "Occupants who choose not to stand on their constitutional rights but instead elect to attempt to destroy evidence [had] only themselves to blame."
- Congress considers whether and by how much to extend the debt ceiling again.[106] In a May 16, 2011 letter to Congress, U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner declared a "debt issuance suspension period," which provides the Secretary with certain extraordinary authorities to prevent a breach of the debt limit.[107] Geithner had previously sent letters to Congress requesting an increase in the debt ceiling on January 6, April 4 and May 2.[108]
- May 19
- May 20
- May 21
- May 22 – A tornado touched down in Joplin, Missouri, causing widespread damage. 158 are killed and 1,150 are injured, making it the deadliest U.S. tornado in 64 years.[116]
- May 23 – The U.S. Supreme Court makes a controversial 5-4 decision that court-mandated population limit was necessary to remedy a violation of prisoners’ Eighth Amendment constitutional rights (United States Constitution's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment). The court requires that there be a controversial prisoner reduction plan forced on California prison administrators whereby the state reduces its inmate population by tens-of-thousands to ease overcrowding.[117][118] Writing for the majority, Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy said that "after years of litigation, it became apparent that a remedy for the constitutional violations would not be effective absent a reduction in the prison system population."
- May 25
- May 26 – The U.S. Supreme Court makes a controversial 5–3 decision which upheld the Arizona state law that monetarily (up to and including seizure, but not criminally) punished businesses that hire illegal aliens.[121][122]
- May 27 – The Space Shuttle spacewalk portions of the International Space Station are completed.
- May 28 – U.S.-based missile producer Lockheed Martin, the largest military contractor in the world, is targeted by a "significant and tenacious" cyber attack.[123]
- May 29
- May 31
June
- June – US-International Women in Science Dialogue conference is held.[131]
- June 1
- June 2
- June 3 – John Edwards, former United States presidential candidate and Senator representing North Carolina, is indicted on charges of conspiracy and violating campaign finance laws in connection to his affair with Rielle Hunter; Edwards denies he broke any laws.[138][139][140]
- June 6
- The U.S. Supreme Court makes a 7–2 decision that inventors do not give up their patent rights to their employers if that employer received federal funding. The ruling went against Stanford University in a dispute of patent infringement over a Roche HIV PCR detection test.[141] Writing for the majority, Chief Justice John Roberts said that "Since 1790, the patent law has operated on the premise that rights in an invention belong to the inventor. The question here is whether the University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act of 1980—commonly referred to as the Bayh–Dole Act—displaces that norm and automatically vests title to federally funded inventions in federal contractors. We hold that it does not."
- Anthony Weiner photo scandal: Representative Anthony Weiner (D-NY) admits he sent a lewd photo of himself over Twitter to a Washington woman. He also admits sending explicit photos and messages to at least 6 other woman over the past 3 years. He states that he will not resign.[142]
- June 8 – Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, mastermind of the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania, is killed in Somalia.[143][144]
- June 9 – The U.S. Supreme Court makes an 8–0 decision that in patent dispute challenges against inventors the standard of proof required is more than a preponderance of evidence. The ruling upholds a 2009 jury verdict in favor of i4i in a dispute of patent infringement over a Microsoft Word software editing subprogram.[145][146] Writing for the majority, Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor said that "Under §282 of the Patent Act of 1952, "[a] patent shall be presumed valid" and "[t]he burden of establishing in-validity of a patent or any claim thereof shall rest on the party asserting such invalidity." 35 U. S. C. §282. We consider whether §282 requires an invalidity defense to be proved by clear and convincing evidence. We hold that it does."
- June 12
- June 13 – Hackers break Into US Senate computers.[149]
- June 15 – The Boston Bruins win their first NHL title in 39 years over the Vancouver Canucks in the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals.[150]
- June 16
- Anthony Weiner photo scandal: Representative Anthony Weiner (D-NY) resigns.[151]
- The U.S. Supreme Court makes a controversial 5–4 decision that, in the interrogations of minors, a Miranda statement must be made. The ruling involves a 13-year-old child under schoolroom police interview. The court ruled in favor of the child, J. D. B., in a dispute of his confession made during a North Carolina theft investigation.[152] Writing for the majority, Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor said that "This case presents the question whether the age of a child subjected to police questioning is relevant to the custody analysis of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U. S. 436 (1966). It is beyond dispute that children will often feel bound to submit to police questioning when an adult in the same circumstances would feel free to leave. Seeing no reason for police officers or courts to blind themselves to that commonsense reality, we hold that a child's age properly informs the Miranda custody analysis."
- On March 19, because of the continuing attacks on Libyan rebels by Gaddafi forces, there was a military intervention authorized under UNSCR 1973. Various forces including ones from the United States attacked with fighter jets in bombardment over Libya. Ten Congressman announce plans to sue President Barack Obama in Federal court over violation of the War Powers Resolution. The 10 Congressman include 3 Democrats, Dennis Kucinich of Ohio, John Conyers of Michigan and Michael Capuano of Massachusetts, as well as 7 Republicans, Ron Paul of Texas, Walter Jones and Howard Coble of North Carolina, Tim Johnson of Illinois, Dan Burton of Indiana, Jimmy Duncan of Tennessee and Roscoe Bartlett of Maryland.
- June 19 – Northern Ireland golfer Rory McIlroy wins the 2011 U.S. Open, setting scoring records in the process.[153][154]
- June 20
- The internet domain names can now be any "dot"-suffix. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) approved the change.[155]
- The U.S. Supreme Court makes a controversial 9–0 decision that, in large class-action lawsuits, a cohesive element must exist. The ruling involves the class-action status of a sex discrimination case against Wal-mart containing 1.6 million litigants. The court ruled in favor of Wal-mart, only on the class action status of the dispute of the women's claims. The ruling rejects the lower courts lowering of standards in class-action status certification.[156][157] Writing for the majority, Associate Justice Antonin Scalia said that "We are presented with one of the most expansive class actions ever. The District Court and the Court of Appeals approved the certification of a class comprising about one and a half million plaintiffs, current and former female employees of petitioner Wal-Mart who allege that the discretion exercised by their local supervisors over pay and promotion matters violates Title VII by discriminating against women. In addition to injunctive and declaratory relief, the plaintiffs seek an award of backpay. We consider whether the certification of the plaintiff class was consistent with Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 23(a) and (b)(2)."
- June 21 – The Food and Drug Administration announces that starting in 2012, they will require new warning labels that feature graphic images to convey the dangers of smoking on U.S. cigarette packs.[158]
- June 22
- June 23 – The U.S. Supreme Court makes a 5–4 decision that, in will lawsuits, bankruptcy state courts are superseded by will courts in matters of core proceedings. The ruling involves the US$1.6 billion estate of J. Howard Marshall Jr. between Anna Nicole Smith and Pierce Marshall. The court ruled in favor of the estate of the deceased Pierce Marshall and the Texas Probate Court versus the estate of the deceased Vickie Lynn Marshall (a.k.a. Anna Nicole Smith) and the California Bankruptcy Court.[162] Writing for the majority, Chief Justice John Roberts said that "... the Texas state decision controlled, after concluding that the Bankruptcy Court lacked the authority to enter final judgment on a counter claim that Vickie brought against Pierce in her bankruptcy proceeding. 1 To determine whether the Court of Appeals was correct in that regard, we must resolve two issues: (1) whether the Bankruptcy Court had the statutory authority under 28 U. S. C. §157(b) to issue a final judgment on Vickie's counterclaim; and (2) if so, whether conferring that authority on the Bankruptcy Court is constitutional ... We conclude that, although the Bankruptcy Court had the statutory authority to enter judgment on Vickie's counterclaim, it lacked the constitutional authority to do so."
- June 24
- June 27
- The U.S. Supreme Court makes a 7–2 decision that strikes down a California law enacted in 2005 that bans the sale of certain violent video games to children without parental supervision. The Court upholds the lower court decisions and revokes the law, ruling that video games were protected speech under the First Amendment as other forms of media. The ruling involves a freedom of speech case by The Entertainment Merchants Association against a California law. The court ruled in favor of The Entertainment Merchants Association, only on the overly broad status of the statute's wording of the minors' rights.[164][165] Writing for the majority, Associate Justice Antonin Scalia said that "We consider whether a California law imposing restrictions on violent video games comports with the First Amendment...Because the Act imposes a restriction on the content of protected speech, it is invalid unless California can demonstrate that it passes strict scrutiny—that is, unless it is justified by a compelling government interest and is narrowly drawn to serve that interest. R. A. V., 505 U. S., at 395. The State must specifically identify an "actual problem" in need of solving, Playboy, 529 U. S., at 822–823, and the curtailment of free speech must be actually necessary to the solution, see R. A. V., supra, at 395. That is a demanding standard. "It is rare that a regulation restricting speech because of its content will ever be permissible." Playboy, supra, at 818. California cannot meet that standard...And finally, the Act's purported aid to parental authority is vastly overinclusive. Not all of the children who are forbidden to purchase violent video games on their own have parents who care whether they purchase violent video games."
- Former Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich is found guilty of 17 of the 20 counts against him, including trying to sell President Barack Obama's Senate seat.
- June 28
- June 29 –Transformers: Dark of the Moon is released in theaters as the third film in the Transformers film series.
July
August
- August 1 – The United States Congress votes on a deal to resolve the United States debt-ceiling crisis with the House of Representatives passing it.[211][212][213] U.S. Rep. Gabby Giffords (D-Arizona) casts her first vote since her traumatic brain injury at the hands of a deranged assassin.[214][215]
- August 2 – The United States Senate passes legislation to raise the debt ceiling in order to avert the 2011 US debt ceiling crisis and President Barack Obama signs it into law; it thus became the Budget Control Act of 2011.[216][217]
- August 3 – It is announced that Jerry Lewis would no longer host any further MDA telethons. Earlier this year, it was announced that Lewis was no longer the national chairman of the MDA.[218]
- August 4
- August 5
- NASA's Juno Spacecraft launches to Jupiter. The orbital insertion will occur in August 2016.[221]
- United States debt-ceiling crisis: After the U.S. trading markets close for the weekend, the Standard & Poor's credit rating agency downgrades the credit rating of the United States from AAA to AA+ with a negative outlook. This was the first downgrade of the US credit rating since it was first issued in 1917. Barack Obama's administration had told Standard and Poor's they made a nearly 2 trillion dollar error in their calculations. S&P acknowledged the error, but proceeded with the downgrade anyway.[222][223]
- August 6
- August 7 – Ohio man Michael Hance kills seven people before being shot dead by police.[227]
- August 8 – United States debt-ceiling crisis: The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunges another 635 points (−5.6%) in reaction to Standard and Poor's downgrade on August 5. It is the 6th largest drop in United States history and the largest drop since December 2008.[228]
- August 9
- August 10
- New England Journal of Medicine: A therapy destroys leukemia (advanced cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or CLL) in three patients.[232][233][234]
- United States debt-ceiling crisis: Stocks dive again on Europe and economy fears. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 519.83 points, or 4.62% to 10719.94, more than wiping out the gains posted in Tuesday's sizable late-day rally. It was the Dow's fourth triple-digit move in five days and brings its declines since its April peak to more than 16%.[235]
- August 12
- August 13
- August 14 – The 2011 PGA Championship, played at the Atlanta Athletic Club, is won by American professional golfer, Keegan Bradley, defeating Jason Dufner in a playoff.[240]
- August 15 – Google announces a proposed acquisition of Motorola Mobility.[241]
- August 17 – University of Miami football scandal: NCAA investigating claims by a former booster, Nevin Shapiro, who claims that he provided players with prostitutes, cars and other gifts over the past decade.[242]
- August 19
- August 20 – Striking Verizon union workers will return to work starting August 22, 2011, though their contract dispute isn't resolved.[246]
- August 23 – A rare Eastern-seaboard earthquake of magnitude 5.8 strikes Virginia. The Virginia Seismic Zone's faults ruptured, resulting in activity being felt in Washington, D.C., New York City and other cities.[247]
- August 24
- August 26 – The filming of government officials while on duty is protected by the First Amendment, said the United States First Circuit Court.[250][251]
- August 28 – Hurricane Irene: A rare hurricane drives North up the mid-Atlantic and Northeast coast. Nine million homes lose power. Total Caribbean and U.S. fatalities and flooding damage are 55 dead and US$10 billion, respectively. The New England state of Vermont suffers its worst flooding in 100 years.[252]
- August 30 – While reportedly on his way to surrender to police in the US city of Atlanta to face murder charges, former National Basketball Association player Javaris Crittenton is arrested by the FBI at John Wayne Airport in Orange County, California.[253]
- August 31
September
- September 1 – Tropical Storm Lee: With memories of Hurricane Katrina, a Gulf of Texas storm lands on New Orleans. After a storm track footprint into the Southeastern states, there are a total of 21 fatalities.[257]
- September 2 – An audit report from the United States Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration found that last year illegal aliens fraudulently collected $4.2 billion from the Additional Child Tax Credit, a refundable credit meant for working families. The audit found that the means for the crime was as a result of vague U.S. law.[258]
- September 3 – A 47-year-old North Carolina man is convicted of eight counts of second-degree murder in the shooting deaths at a nursing home on March 29, 2009 – the type of conviction means that he will not be eligible for the death penalty.[259]
- September 5
- Wildfires rage across Texas. A fire near Bastrop, Texas burns 1,500 homes and 34,000 acres (140 km2), breaking the record for most homes destroyed in a single fire in Texas history.[260][261]
- The new format, prime-time Muscular Dystrophy Association Telethons begin without Jerry Lewis the first telethon not to feature him. In six hours, the organization, which leads the fight against progressive muscle diseases, broadcast its 46th annual MDA Labor Day Telethon. The 2011 telethon raised $61,491,393 — up from the $58,919,838 achieved during the prior year's 21½-hour telethon.[262]
- September 6 – Gunman Eduardo Sencion opens fire in an IHOP in Carson City, Nevada, killing three members of National Guard and one civilian before committing suicide.[263]
- September 8 – U.S. president Barack Obama unveils the American Jobs Act to a joint-session of Congress. Critics label it as a "Third stimulus package".[264]
- September 11
- September 12
- September 13
- September 14
- September 15
- September 16 – 2011 Reno Air Races crash: There are 11 dead and at least 75 injured, 25 critically, when a P-51D Mustang airplane crashes into the crowd at the annual Reno Air Races in Reno, Nevada.[276][277]
- September 17 – Occupy Wall Street: Thousands march on Wall Street in response to high unemployment, record executive bonuses and extensive bailouts of the financial system.[278]
- September 18 – The 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards for television programs broadcast in the United States are held in Los Angeles with Mad Men winning the outstanding drama series and Modern Family winning the Outstanding Comedy.[279]
- September 20 – The United States military officially ends its policy of Don't ask, don't tell allowing gay and lesbian personal to publicly declare their sexual orientation.[280]
- September 22 – The Federal Bureau of Investigation arrests suspected members of the computer hacking groups LulzSec and Anonymous in the US cities of Phoenix, Arizona and San Francisco, California.[281]
- September 23
- September 27 – Andy Rooney announces his retirement from 60 Minutes after 33 years of providing commentary.[284]
- September 28 – The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention links an outbreak of listeriosis that has caused 23 deaths and 116 illnesses in 25 states to infected cantaloupes from Colorado.[285]
- September 30
October
- October 1 – 700 people are arrested while attempting to cross the Brooklyn Bridge during the Occupy Wall Street movement.[288]
- October 3
- Amanda Knox is released from Italian prison following a successful appeal of her murder conviction.[289][290]
- The U.S. Supreme Court announces that it won't hear a much-noted dispute on the width of the "first sale" doctrine in copyright law. The Supreme Court denied Vernor's petition for certiorari – the action affirms the lower court of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit which held that when the transfer of software to the purchaser materially resembled a sale it was, in fact, not a "sale with restrictions on use", giving rise to no right to resell the copy under the first-sale doctrine. As such, Autodesk could pursue an action for copyright infringement against Vernor, who sought to resell used versions of its software on eBay. The Ninth Circuit's decision means that the policy considerations involved in the case might affect motion pictures and libraries as well as sales of used software. The net effect of the Ninth Circuit's ruling (and now the Supreme Court's) is to limit the "You bought it, you own it" principle asserted by such organizations who would like to resell items.[291]
- American cell phone service provider Sprint Nextel reportedly pays $20 billion for rights to Apple's next mobile phone.[292]
- October 4
- October 5 – Steve Jobs dies aged 56. He was an American computer engineer, who co-founded in 1976 Apple Inc., an electronics producer, which at many times has been the largest company in the world.[295]
- October 7 – The NYPD busts a Queens-based identity theft and retail crime ring, arresting over 110 people. It was the largest identity theft ring in the history of the United States, making an annual profit of over $13 million.[296][297]
- October 11
- October 12 – Scott Dekraai opens fire in a hair salon in Seal Beach, California, killing eight, including his ex-wife. He is later arrested.
- October 14 – The United States under President Barack Obama deployed 100 troops in Uganda to assist in the capture of Lord's Resistance Army leader Joseph Kony in the current insurgency.
- October 16 – British auto racing driver Dan Wheldon dies in a 15-car pileup while participating in the final race of the 2011 IndyCar season at Las Vegas Motor Speedway.
- October 22 – Republican governor Bobby Jindal wins a second term as Governor of Louisiana.[300]
- October 28 – The St. Louis Cardinals defeat the Texas Rangers in seven games to win their 11th world series.
November
December
Ongoing
Births
Deaths
January
- January 1
- January 2
- January 3 – Jill Haworth, English-American actress (b. 1945)
- January 5
- January 6 – Donald J. Tyson, businessman (b. 1930)
- January 7 – Thomas J. White, construction company executive and philanthropist (b. 1920)
- January 8
- January 10
- January 11 – David Nelson, actor (b. 1936)
- January 17 – Don Kirshner, music producer, consultant, publisher, and talent manager (b. 1934)
- January 18 – Sargent Shriver, Peace Corps founder (b. 1915)
- January 21 – Dennis Oppenheim, artist (b. 1938)
- January 23 – François Henri "Jack" LaLanne, fitness and dietary health trainer (b. 1914)
- January 24 – Bernd Eichinger, German film producer and director, died in Los Angeles (b. 1949)
- January 25 – Daniel Bell, sociologist (b. 1919)
- January 26
- January 27 – Charlie Callas, comedian and actor (b. 1927)
- January 29 – Milton Babbitt, composer (b. 1916)
- January 30 – John Barry, British film score composer, died in Oyster Bay, New York (b. 1933)
- January 31 – Charles Kaman, aeronautical engineer (b. 1919)
February
- February 3 – LeRoy Grannis, surfing photographer (b. 1917)
- February 4 – Tura Satana, Japanese-born American actress (b. 1938)
- February 5 – Peggy Rea, actress (b. 1921)
- February 6 – Kenneth Harry Olsen, electrical engineer (b. 1926)
- February 7 – Maria Altmann, litigant versus Nazi Austria (b. 1916 in Austria)
- February 8
- February 10 – Bill Justice, cartoonist (b. 1914)
- February 12
- February 14 – George Shearing, pianist (b. 1919)
- February 15 – Charles Epstein, geneticist and Unabomber victim (b. 1933)
- February 16
- February 18
- February 19 – Ollie Matson, American football player (b. 1930)
- February 21
- February 26 – Greg Goossen, baseball player and actor (b. 1945)
- February 27
- February 28
March
- March 1
- March 4
- March 6 – Jean Bartel, Miss America Pageant winner and actress (b. 1923)
- March 8 – Mike Starr, musician (b. 1966)
- March 9 – David S. Broder, journalist (b. 1929)
- March 11 – Hugh Martin, film music composer (b. 1914)
- March 15
- March 17
- March 18
- March 19 – Robert Ross, medical school founder (b. 1919)
- March 23
- March 24 – Lanford Wilson, writer (b. 1937)
- March 25 – Thomas Eisner, biologist, died in Ithaca, New York (b. 1929)
- March 26
- March 27
- March 28
- March 31 – Mel McDaniel, singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1942)
April
- April 1 – Lou Gorman, baseball manager (b. 1929)
- April 2
- April 3 – William Prusoff, pharmacologist (b. 1920)
- April 4 – Ned McWherter, 46th governor of Tennessee from 1987 till 1995. (b. 1930)
- April 5
- April 6
- April 7 – Edward Edwards, murderer and one-time member of the FBI's most wanted list (b. 1933)
- April 9
- April 10 – Homer Smith, American football player and coach (b. 1931)
- April 12
- April 14
- April 16
- April 17 – Joel Colton, historian (b. 1918)
- April 18 – William Donald Schaefer, 58th governor of Maryland from 1987 till 1995. (b. 1921)
- April 19
- April 20
- April 21
- April 22 – Merle Greene Robertson, archaeologist (b. 1913)
- April 23 – Phillip Shriver, historian and college president (b. 1922)
- April 25 – Joe Perry, American football player (b. 1927)
- April 26
- April 27 – Marian Mercer, actress (b. 1935)
- April 28 – William Campbell, actor (b. 1926)
May
- May 1
- May 2 – David Sencer, physician (b. 1924)
- May 3
- May 4
- May 5
- May 6
- May 7
- May 8 – Corwin Hansch, chemist (b. 1918)
- May 9
- May 10
- May 11
- May 12
- May 13 – Mel Queen, baseball manager (b. 1942)
- May 14
- May 15 – Barbara Stuart, actress (b. 1935)
- May 16 – Douglas Blubaugh, athlete (b. 1934)
- May 17 – Harmon Killebrew, baseball player (b. 1936)[317]
- May 19
- May 20
- May 22 – Joseph Brooks, songwriter (b. 1938)
- May 24 – Mark Haines, lawyer and television news anchor (b. 1946)
- May 25 – Paul J. Wiedorfer, World War II soldier (b. 1921)
- May 26 – Irwin D. Mandel, dentist (b. 1922)
- May 27
- May 28
- May 29 – Bill Clements, 42nd and 44th governor of Texas from 1979 to 1983 and 1987 to 1991 (b. 1917)
- May 30
- May 31
June
- June 2
- June 3
- June 4 – Lawrence Eagleburger, 62nd Secretary of State from 1992 to 1993 (b. 1930)
- June 6 – John R. Alison, World War II Air Force pilot (b. 1912)
- June 7
- June 8 – Jim Northrup, baseball player (b. 1939)
- June 9 – Godfrey Myles, American football player (b. 1968)
- June 12
- June 13 – Betty Neumar, murder suspect (b. 1931)
- June 15 – Bob Banner, television producer (b. 1921)
- June 16 – Claudia Bryar, actress (b. 1918)
- June 17 – George Malcolm White, architect (b. 1920)
- June 18
- June 19 – Don Diamond, actor (b. 1921)
- June 20
- June 22
- June 23
- June 24 – F. Gilman Spencer, newspaper editor (b. 1925)
- June 25
- June 26
- June 27
- June 29 – Billy Costello, boxer (b. 1956)
July
- July 1 – Bud Grant, television producer (b. 1934)
- July 4
- July 5 – Armen Gilliam, basketball player (b. 1964)
- July 6 – John Mackey, American football player (b. 1941)
- July 7 – Dick Williams, baseball player and manager (b. 1929)
- July 8
- July 10 – Deacon Turner, American football player (b. 1955)
- July 11
- July 12
- July 13 – Jerry Ragovoy, songwriter and producer (b. 1930)
- July 14 – Noel Gayler, World War II naval aviator, admiral and bureaucrat (b. 1914)
- July 15
- July 17
- July 18
- July 21
- July 22
- July 23
- July 24
- July 26 – Elmer Lower, television journalist and executive (b. 1913)
- July 27
- July 28 – John Marburger, physicist (b. 1941)
- July 29 – John Edward Anderson, businessman (b. 1917)
- July 30 – Daniel D. McCracken, computer scientist (b. 1930)
August
September
- September 3 – Don Fambrough, American college football coach (b. 1922)
- September 4 – Lee Roy Selmon, American football player (b. 1954)
- September 5 – Charles S. Dubin, television director (b. 1919)
- September 6
- September 10 – Cliff Robertson, film actor (b. 1923)
- September 13
- September 14 – Malcolm Wallop, Senator for Wyoming (b. 1933)
- September 15
- September 16 – Dave Gavitt, basketball coach and administrator (b. 1937)
- September 17
- September 18
- September 19
- September 20 – Oscar Handlin, historian (b. 1915)
- September 21
- September 22 – John H. Dick, basketball player and U.S. Navy admiral (b. 1918)
- September 23
- September 24
- September 26
- September 27 – Wilson Greatbatch, electrical engineer and the inventor of the implantable cardiac pacemaker (b. 1919)
- September 28 – Claude R. Kirk Jr., 36th governor of Florida from 1967 to 1971 (b. 1926)
- September 29 – Sylvia Robinson, singer, record producer and executive (b. 1935)
- September 30
- Anwar al-Awlaki, terrorist, died in al-Jawf Governorate, Yemen (b. 1971)
- Lee Davenport, physicist (b. 1915)
- Peter Gent, American football player and writer (b. 1942)
- Mike Heimerdinger, American football coach, died in Mexico (b. 1952)
- Ralph M. Steinman, Canadian Nobel immunologist, died in New York City (b. 1943 in Canada)
- Marv Tarplin, guitarist and songwriter (b. 1941)
October
- October 1 – J. Willis Hurst, physician (b. 1920)[328]
- October 2 – Don Lapre, conartist (b. 1964)
- October 3
- October 4
- October 5
- October 6 – William S. Dietrich II, executive (b. 1938)
- October 7
- October 8
- October 10
- October 11 – Bob Galvin, electronics executive (b. 1922)
- October 12
- October 13 – Barbara Kent, actress (b. 1907 in Canada)
- October 16
- October 17 – Edgar Villchur, audio equipment inventor (b. 1917)
- October 18 – Norman Corwin, radio, film and television screenwriter (b. 1910)
- October 20 – Barry Feinstein, photographer (b. 1931)
- October 22 – Robert Pierpoint, television journalist (b. 1925)
- October 23 – Herbert A. Hauptman, mathematician and Nobel laureate in chemistry (b. 1917)
- October 25 – Tom McNeeley, boxer (b. 1937)
- October 30 – David Utz, surgeon (b. 1923)
November
- November 2 – Sid Melton, actor (b. 1917)
- November 3
- November 4
- November 6 – Hal Kanter, film and television writer (b. 1918)
- November 7
- November 8
- November 9 – Roger Christian, ice hockey player (b. 1935)
- November 11 – William Aramony, charity organization fraudster (b. 1927)
- November 12 – Leonard Stone, actor (b. 1923)
- November 15
- November 19 – Ira Michael Heyman, lawyer and college administrator (b. 1930)
- November 21
- November 22
- November 23 – Jim Rathmann, race car driver (b. 1928)
- November 24 – Jeno Paulucci, businessman (b. 1918)
- November 25
- November 26 – Ron Lyle, boxer (b. 1941)
- November 27 – Judd Woldin, composer (b. 1925)
- November 28
- November 30
December
See also
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