2010 United States state legislative elections

For related races, see 2010 United States elections.

2010 United States state legislative elections
November 2, 2010
88 legislative chambers in 46 states
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Party Republican Democratic Coalition
Chambers before 37 61 1[b]
Chambers after 57 40 1[b]
Overall change 20 21[a]
Map of upper house elections:
     Democrats retained control
     Republicans gained control      Republicans retained control
     Coalition retained control
     Non-partisan legislature
     No regularly-scheduled elections
Map of lower house elections:
     Democrats retained control
     Republicans gained control      Republicans retained control
     Split body formed
     Non-partisan legislature
     No regularly-scheduled elections

The 2010 United States state legislative elections were held on November 2, 2010, halfway through President Barack Obama's first term in office. Elections were held for 88 legislative chambers, with all states but Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Virginia holding elections in at least one house. Kansas and New Mexico held elections for their lower, but not upper houses. Four territorial chambers in three territories and the District of Columbia were up as well. The winners of this election cycle served in their respective legislatures for either two or four-year terms, depending on state election rules.

Owing to the slow recovery from the Great Recession, the unpopularity of Democratic president Barack Obama, and the highly-publicized and chaotic passage of the Affordable Care Act, Republicans scored record gains. They net a total of 680 seats and took control of 20 legislative chambers, while the Democrats lost 21 chambers.

The Republican victories gave the party unprecedented power over the redrawing of congressional and state legislative districts following the 2010 census. They also used their newfound majorities to pass conservative legislation in a number of states, weakening labor unions, cracking down on illegal immigration, restricting abortion access, cutting taxes, and reducing government regulation.

Background

The 2008 elections saw a nationwide Democratic wave election, including the election of Barack Obama to the presidency, as well as the expansion of Democratic majorities in the Senate and House of Representatives.[1] At the state legislative level, Democrats won control of 27 state legislatures, while Republicans only held 14, with 8 divided between parties. Democrats showed great strength across the country in that election, primarily losing ground only in the South, where they lost control of the Oklahoma Senate and the Tennessee House of Representatives.[2]

Issues

The 2010 elections were held during the middle of President Barack Obama's first presidential term. Obama had taken office during the Great Recession, and signed several laws meant to counteract it, including the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. He also passed significant healthcare reform through the Affordable Care Act, a highly-controversial effort that a majority of Americans disapproved of at time.[3] Other significant issues included illegal immigration and terrorism. By the time of the election, large pluralities of American voters sided with Republicans more than Democrats on these issues, with Democrats only above water on healthcare and environmental policy.[4]

The conservative Tea Party movement grew significantly in 2009 and 2010, staging large protests in response to legislation passed by the Obama administration.[5][6]

Behind the scenes, Republicans aggressively targeted state legislative races in states where they could gain complete control of the redistricting process following the 2010 census through the project REDMAP.[7][8]

Summary table

Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 88 of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States; nationwide, regularly-scheduled elections were held for 6,064 of the 7,383 legislative seats. Most legislative chambers held elections for all seats, but some legislative chambers that use staggered elections held elections for only a portion of the total seats in the chamber.[9] The chambers that were not up for election either hold regularly-scheduled elections in odd-numbered years, or have four-year terms and hold all regularly-scheduled elections in presidential election years.

Note that this table only covers regularly-scheduled elections; additional special elections took place concurrently with these regularly-scheduled elections.

State Upper House[9] Lower House[9]
Seats up Total % up Term Seats up Total % up Term
Alabama 35 35 100 4 105 105 100 4
Alaska 10 20 50 4 40 40 100 2
Arizona 30 30 100 2 60 60 100 2
Arkansas 18 35 51 2/4[c] 100 100 100 2
California 20 40 50 4 80 80 100 2
Colorado 17 35 49 4 65 65 100 2
Connecticut 36 36 100 2 151 151 100 2
Delaware 10 21 48 2/4[c] 41 41 100 2
Florida 20 40 50 2/4[c] 120 120 100 2
Georgia 56 56 100 2 180 180 100 2
Hawaii 12 25 48 2/4[c] 51 51 100 2
Idaho 35 35 100 2 70 70 100 2
Illinois 39 59 66 2/4[c] 118 118 100 2
Indiana 25 50 50 4 100 100 100 2
Iowa 25 50 50 4 100 100 100 2
Kansas 0 40 0 4 125 125 100 2
Kentucky 19 38 50 4 100 100 100 2
Louisiana 0 39 0 4 0 105 0 4
Maine 35 35 100 2 151 151 100 2
Maryland 47 47 100 4 141 141 100 4
Massachusetts 40 40 100 2 160 160 100 2
Michigan 38 38 100 4 110 110 100 2
Minnesota 67 67 100 2/4[c] 134 134 100 2
Mississippi 0 52 0 4 0 122 0 4
Missouri 17 34 50 4 163 163 100 2
Montana 25 50 50 4 100 100 100 2
Nebraska 24[d] 49[d] 49[d] 4 N/A (unicameral)
Nevada 11 21 52 4 42 42 100 2
New Hampshire 24 24 100 2 400 400 100 2
New Jersey 0 40 0 2/4[c] 0 80 0 2
New Mexico 0 42 100 4 70 70 100 2
New York 62 62 100 2 150 150 100 2
North Carolina 50 50 100 2 120 120 100 2
North Dakota 24 47 51 4 47 94 50 4
Ohio 16 33 52 4 99 99 100 2
Oklahoma 24 48 50 4 101 101 100 2
Oregon 15 30 50 4 60 60 100 2
Pennsylvania 25 50 50 4 203 203 100 2
Rhode Island 38 38 100 2 75 75 100 2
South Carolina 0 46 0 4 124 124 100 2
South Dakota 35 35 100 2 70 70 100 2
Tennessee 17 33 52 4 99 99 100 2
Texas 15 31 48 2/4[c] 150 150 100 2
Utah 14 29 48 4 75 75 100 2
Vermont 30 30 100 2 150 150 100 2
Virginia 0 40 0 4 0 100 0 2
Washington 25 49 49 4 98 98 100 2
West Virginia 17 34 50 4 100 100 100 2
Wisconsin 17 33 52 4 99 99 100 2
Wyoming 15 30 50 4 60 60 100 2
Total 1105 1971 56 N/A 4958 5411 92 N/A

Electoral predictions

Analysts predicted a very strong showing for the Republicans, anticipating a nationwide wave election in their favor. This was attributed to the nation's slow recovery from the Great Recession, the chaotic passage and implementation of the Affordable Care Act, immigration, and the large number of legislative chambers and governorships that Democrats controlled after the 2006 and 2008 elections.[10] As the campaign progressed, Democratic prospects only became worse, leading to the largest gap in legislative chambers held by each party considered vulnerable in over a decade.[11] By election day, Republicans were expected to be able to flip between eleven and twenty seven legislative chambers from Democrats, with only one Republican-held chamber considered vulnerable.[12]

Ratings are designated as follows:

  • "Tossup": Competitive, no advantage
  • "Lean": Competitive, slight advantage
  • "Likely": Not competitive, but opposition could make significant gains
  • "Safe": Not competitive at all
State Chamber Last

election

Ballotpedia

Oct. 2010[13]

Governing

Nov. 1, 2010[12]

Result
Alabama Senate D 23–12 Tossup Lean R (flip) R 22–12–1
House of Representatives D 62–43 Tossup Lean R (flip) R 62–43
Alaska Senate Coal. 16–4 Lean R (flip) Tossup Coal. 15–5
House of Representatives R 22–18 Likely R Lean R R 24–16
Arizona Senate R 18–12 Safe R Safe R R 21–9
House of Representatives R 35–25 Safe R Safe R R 40–20
Arkansas Senate D 27–8 Safe D Safe D D 20–15
House of Representatives D 71–28–1 Safe D Safe D D 55–45
California State Senate D 25–15 Safe D Safe D D 25–15
State Assembly D 50–29–1 Safe D Safe D D 52–28
Colorado Senate D 21–14 Lean D Lean D D 20–15
House of Representatives D 38–27 Tossup Tossup R 33–32
Connecticut State Senate D 24–12 Safe D Safe D D 23–13
House of Representatives D 114–37 Safe D Safe D D 100–51
Delaware Senate D 16–5 Safe D Safe D D 14–7
House of Representatives D 24–17 Lean D Lean D D 26–15
Florida Senate R 26–14 Safe R Safe R R 28–12
House of Representatives R 76–44 Safe R Safe R R 81–39
Georgia State Senate R 34–22 Safe R Safe R R 35–21
House of Representatives R 105–74–1 Safe R Safe R R 108–71–1
Hawaii Senate D 23–2 Safe D Safe D D 24–1
House of Representatives D 45–6 Safe D Safe D D 43–8
Idaho Senate R 28–7 Safe R Safe R R 28–7
House of Representatives R 52–18 Safe R Safe R R 57–13
Illinois Senate D 37–22 Likely D Likely D D 35–24
House of Representatives D 70–48 Likely D Lean D D 64–54
Indiana Senate R 33–17 Safe R Safe R R 37–13
House of Representatives D 52–48 Lean R (flip) Lean R (flip) R 60–40
Iowa Senate D 32–18 Lean R (flip) Lean D D 26–24
House of Representatives D 57–43 Tossup Tossup R 60–40
Kansas House of Representatives R 77–48 Safe R Safe R R 92–33
Kentucky Senate R 21–16–1 Likely R Likely R R 22–15–1
House of Representatives D 65–35 Likely D Likely D D 58–42
Maine Senate D 20–15 Tossup Tossup R 20–14–1
House of Representatives D 95–55–1 Likely D Likely D R 77–73–1
Maryland Senate D 33–14 Safe D Safe D D 35–12
House of Delegates D 104–37 Safe D Safe D D 98–43
Massachusetts Senate D 35–5 Safe D Safe D D 36–4
House of Representatives D 144–15–1 Safe D Safe D D 130–30
Michigan Senate R 21–17 Likely R Likely R R 26–12
House of Representatives D 67–43 Lean D Tossup R 63–47
Minnesota Senate D 44–23 Likely D Likely D R 37–30
House of Representatives D 87–47 Lean D Lean D R 72–62
Missouri Senate R 23–11 Safe R Safe R R 26–8
House of Representatives R 89–74 Safe R Safe R R 106–57
Montana Senate R 27–23 Likely R Likely R R 28–22
House of Representatives D 50–50 Lean R (flip) Lean R (flip) R 68–32
Nevada Senate D 12–9 Likely D Lean D D 11–10
Assembly D 28–14 Likely D Likely D D 26–16
New Hampshire Senate D 14–10 Tossup Lean R (flip) R 19–5
House of Representatives D 225–175 Tossup Lean R (flip) R 298–102
New Mexico House of Representatives D 45–25 Likely D Likely D D 36–34
New York State Senate D 32–30 Tossup Tossup R 32–30
State Assembly D 107–41–1–1 Safe D Safe D D 99–50–1
North Carolina Senate D 30–20 Tossup Tossup R 31–19
House of Representatives D 68–52 Tossup Tossup R 67–52–1
North Dakota Senate R 26–21 Safe R Safe R R 35–12
House of Representatives R 58–36 Safe R Safe R R 69–25
Ohio Senate R 21–12 Safe R Safe R R 23–10
House of Representatives D 53–46 Lean R (flip) Lean R (flip) R 59–40
Oklahoma Senate R 26–22 Safe R Safe R R 32–16
House of Representatives R 61–40 Safe R Safe R R 70–31
Oregon State Senate D 18–12 Lean D Lean D D 16–14
House of Representatives D 36–24 Likely D Likely D 30–30
Pennsylvania State Senate R 30–20 Safe R Safe R R 30–20
House of Representatives D 104–99 Lean R (flip) Lean R (flip) R 112–91
Rhode Island Senate D 33–4–1 Safe D Safe D D 29–8–1
House of Representatives D 69–6 Safe D Safe D D 65–10
South Carolina House of Representatives R 73–51 Safe R Safe R R 76–48
South Dakota Senate R 21–14 Safe R Safe R R 29–6
House of Representatives R 46–24 Safe R Safe R R 50–19–1
Tennessee Senate R 19–14 Likely R Likely R R 20–13
House of Representatives R 50–49 Likely R Likely R R 64–34–1
Texas Senate R 19–12 Safe R Safe R R 19–12
House of Representatives R 76–74 Likely R Likely R R 99–51
Utah State Senate R 21–8 Safe R Safe R R 22–7
House of Representatives R 53–22 Safe R Safe R R 58–17
Vermont Senate D 23–7 Safe D Safe D D 21–8–1
House of Representatives D 94–48–5–3 Safe D Safe D D 94–48–5–3
Washington State Senate D 31–18 Lean D Lean D D 27–22
House of Representatives D 62–36 Lean D Lean D D 56–42
West Virginia Senate D 26–8 Safe D Safe D D 28–6
House of Delegates D 71–29 Safe D Safe D D 65–35
Wisconsin Senate D 18–15 Tossup Lean R (flip) R 19–14
State Assembly D 52–46–1 Lean R (flip) Lean R (flip) R 60–38–1
Wyoming Senate R 23–7 Safe R Safe R R 26–4
House of Representatives R 41–19 Safe R Safe R R 50–10

National results

Republicans made substantial gains in state legislatures across the nation. Twenty chambers flipped from Democratic to Republican control, giving Republicans full control of eleven state legislatures and control of one chamber in Colorado, Iowa, and New York.[15][16] Additionally, Republicans gained enough seats in the Oregon House of Representatives to produce a 30-30 party split, pushing Democrats into a power-sharing agreement that resulted in the election of two "co-speakers" (one from each party) to lead the chamber.[17] Republicans gained a net of 680 seats in state legislative races, breaking the previous record of 628 flipped seats set by Democrats in the post-Watergate elections of 1974.[18]

Six states saw both chambers switch from Democrat to Republican majorities: Alabama (where the Republicans won a majority and a trifecta for the first time since 1874), Maine (for the first time since 1975 and a trifecta for the first time since 1965), Minnesota (for the first time since 1915 in partisan elections and 1973 in non-partisan elections), New Hampshire, North Carolina (for the first time since 1896), and Wisconsin. In addition, by picking up the lower chambers in Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Montana[h] and Pennsylvania, Republicans gained control of both chambers in an additional five states. Further, Republicans picked up one chamber from Democrats in Colorado, Iowa, and New York to split control in those states. They expanded majorities in both chambers in Texas, Florida, and Georgia.[19][20]

Post-election party switching

Between the November general election and January 2011, 25 Democratic state legislators switched parties and became Republicans.[21] These legislators were primarily conservative, White Democrats from the South who felt that the views of the Republican party more closely aligned with their own.[22][23] This party switching gave Republicans control of the Louisiana House of Representatives, which did not hold regularly-scheduled elections in 2010, for the first time since Reconstruction prior to the start of the 2011 session.[24]

State Chamber District Legislator Old party New party Source
Alabama House 17 Mike Millican Democratic Republican [22]
35 Steve Hurst Democratic Republican
80 Lesley Vance Democratic Republican
89 Alan Boothe Democratic Republican
Georgia Senate 8 Tim Golden Democratic Republican [25]
House 29 Alan Powell Democratic Republican [21]
115 Doug McKillip Democratic Republican
134 Mike Cheokas Democratic Republican
144 Bubber Epps Democratic Republican
148 Bob Hanner Democratic Republican
149 Gerald Greene Democratic Republican
174 Ellis Black Democratic Republican
175 Amy Carter Democratic Republican
Kansas Senate 6 Chris Steineger Democratic Republican [26]
Louisiana Senate 8 John Alario Democratic Republican [24]
30 John Smith Democratic Republican
House 20 Noble Ellington Democratic Republican
46 Fred Mills Democratic Republican
95 Walker Hines Democratic Republican
Maine House 5 Michael Willette Democratic Republican [27]
Mississippi Senate 39 Cindy Hyde-Smith Democratic Republican [28]
House 89 Bobby Shows Democratic Republican [29]
South Dakota Senate 17 Eldon Nygarrd Democratic Republican [30]
Texas House 21 Allan Ritter Democratic Republican [31]
40 Aaron Peña Democratic Republican

Impact

The massive Republican gains made in 2010 immensely strengthened their position on the national stage. This had both short-term effects, such as their ability to counter the policies of president Barack Obama, as well as long term consequences due to the impending redistricting cycle. In the short term, these elections heralded in a conservative shift in state legislatures across the country, especially in the states where Republicans gained complete control. This led to a tightening of policies surrounding abortion and illegal immigration, a loosening of tax policy, and the curtailing of the power of labor unions. Many of these states refused to accept the Medicaid expansion offered by the Affordable Care Act meant to close the Medicaid coverage gap.[32]

Immigration

For the past several years, immigration policy had become an increasingly-important issue in state legislatures.[33] In April 2010, the Arizona legislature passed Arizona SB 1070, which was considered at the time to be the strictest anti-illegal immigration bill in the country.[34] Following the 2010 elections, a number of states, some of which had just become Republican-controlled, passed measures in the same vein as the Arizona law. The most controversial among these was Alabama HB 56, which gave police wide discretion to detain those they suspected of being undocumented immigrants, banned undocumented immigrants from receiving any public benefits, including attending public universities, and required public schools to enquire about the immigration statuses of their students.[35][36] The immigration laws passed in both Alabama and Georgia received heavy criticism for their potentially devastating impacts on state agriculture, where many farmers relied on immigrant labor to harvest their crops.[37][38] Many of the strictest portions of these laws were later blocked by federal courts.[39]

The direct impact of the enforcement of these laws was often minimal, with many such as Arizona SB 1070 producing no arrests in its first few months on the books. The widest-reaching effects of these laws, however were social: changing attitudes of both immigrants and citizens. Some viewed the new laws as passed both in response to the backlash to the recent rise in illegal immigration as well as further fueling said backlash.[33] Opponents of these laws criticized them as "Juan Crow" laws which created a climate of fear in immigrant populations.[40] Alabama in particular saw a significant drop in public school attendance among Hispanic students despite HB 56 not barring the attendance of undocumented immigrants.[41] Many undocumented immigrants decided to leave the states that passed these laws, citing both the laws themselves and their cultural impacts.[33][42] One study from the University of Alabama estimated that the economic costs to the state in GDP of the loss of workers and taxpayers could reach as high as $11 billion annually.[42][43]

Labor unions

Three states where Republicans gained complete control of state government in 2010, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, would establish right-to-work laws during the following decade.[44] States passed a number of other wide-ranging bills to weaken public-sector unions, most notoriously in Wisconsin with the passage of Act 10, which led to massive protests and recall elections in 2011.[45][46] Efforts to pass a similar bill in Ohio failed after a veto referendum overwhelmingly rejected it in 2011.[47]

Redistricting

See also: 2010 United States redistricting cycle

Republicans' massive state legislative gains timed perfectly with the release of the results of the 2010 census, giving the party unprecedented control over congressional and legislative district maps until after the 2020 elections.[48][49][50] Republicans, knowing this ahead of time, deliberately targeted vulnerable Democratic incumbents and Democratic-held legislative chambers in order to maximize their power in the upcoming redistricting cycle.[51] As a result, Republicans fully controlled the redistricting of 210 congressional districts across 18 states, minimizing Democratic control to a mere 44 congressional districts across 6 states.[52] The impact of this was most immediately felt during the 2012 elections, where Barack Obama won the presidential election and Democratic U.S. House candidates won a plurality of the nationwide popular vote, but Republicans maintained control of the chamber.[53]

Legacy

The 2010 midterms ushered in an era of Republican dominance of statewide politics fueled by a Democratic collapse in white, rural, and southern regions of the country.

Southern, rural Democratic fall

Democrats had been slowly losing ground in the rural South for the past several decades leading up to the 2010 elections. Democrats lost nearly every southern legislative chamber up for election in 2010, with White, rural incumbents primarily falling victim. Republicans successfully tied the conservative Democrats in these seats to the more liberal national party, eroding their local support and tying them to policies unpopular in their districts. A number of incumbents who survived would later switch to the Republican party, with many doing so before or immediately after the election. This left most Southern Democratic caucuses primarily made up of African American and Hispanic legislators, often based in urban areas, with a nearly extinct White, rural caucus, and a weakened but slowly growing suburban caucus.[23] By 2014, Republicans controlled every governorship, U.S. Senate seat, and legislative chamber in the former Confederacy.[54]

The 2010 elections sparked a sharp decline in Democratic support in rural areas across the country, even outside the South. Throughout the decade, this led to a strengthening correlation between population density and political party support.[55] At the same time, increased political polarization made it more challenging for conservative Democrats to win in areas which voted for Republicans in presidential elections, culminating in Republicans flipping the Kentucky House of Representatives in 2016, the final Democratic-controlled legislative chamber in a deeply Republican state.[56]

Midwest

Bolstered by heavily gerrymandered legislative maps, the 2010s saw a sharply-conservative turn in Midwestern state policy. By the end of the decade, five Midwestern states had adopted right-to-work laws, with a sixth, Missouri, rejecting one in a 2018 veto referendum.[44][57] These policies remained in place even as Democrats made gains in statewide elections in these states, winning the governorships in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania in 2018. Democrats won the aggregate popular vote in the lower house elections in all three of these states, but they did not win control of any of them due to gerrymandering.[58] Democrats would only begin to be able to reverse these policies after the implementation of new legislative maps in the 2020s.[59] In other states, such as Ohio, Democrats have been unable to regain power in any meaningful form since their 2010 losses.[60]

Donald Trump

The Tea Party movement's success in the 2010 election predicated the rise of Donald Trump as the dominant force in the Republican Party. Tea Party candidates ran on anti-establishment credentials, favoring low taxes, minimal government intervention, and fierce social conservatism. These became defining features of Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, the rise of the Make American Great Again movement, and Trumpism.[61][62] Many of the regions outside the South where Republicans made the largest gains in 2010 swung sharply towards Donald Trump in the 2016 election despite having voted for Barack Obama again in the 2012 election.[63][64]

Maps

  • Partisan control of state governments following the 2010 elections
      Democrats gained control
      Democrats retained control
      Split government formed
      Split government maintained
      Republicans gained control
      Republicans retained control
  • Upper house seats by party holding majority in each state
  • Lower house seats by party holding majority in each state
  • Net changes to upper house seats after the 2010 elections
         +1 Rep seat      +2 Rep seats      +3–5 Rep seats      +6–16 Rep seats
         +1 Dem seat      +2 Dem seats
         +1 Prog seat
  • Net changes to lower house seats after the 2010 elections
         +2 Rep seats      +3–5 Rep seats      +6–122 Rep seats
         +2 Dem seats

State summaries

Alabama

Main articles: 2010 Alabama Senate election and 2010 Alabama House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Alabama Legislature were up for election. Republicans flipped control of both state legislative chambers, winning them for the first time since 1874.[65] After the election, an additional four Democratic state representatives switched parties, giving Republicans a supermajority in the chamber.[22]

Alabama Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 14 22 8
Independent 1 1
Democratic 20 12 8
Total 35 35
Alabama House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 45 62 17
Democratic 60 43 17
Total 105 105

Alaska

All of the seats of the Alaska House of Representatives and half of the Alaska Senate were up for election. The Democratic-led coalition maintained control of the Senate while Republicans maintained control of the House.

Alaska Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 10 10
Republican 6 5
4 5
Total 20 20
Alaska House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 22 24 2
Democratic 18 4 2
12
Total 40 40

Arizona

Main articles: 2010 Arizona Senate election and 2010 Arizona House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Arizona Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Arizona Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 18 21 3
Democratic 12 9 3
Total 30 30
Arizona House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 35 40 5
Democratic 25 20 5
Total 60 60

Arkansas

All of the seats of the Arkansas House of Representatives and half of the Arkansas Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers but with substantially reduced majorities.

Arkansas Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 27 20 7
Republican 8 15 7
Total 35 35
Arkansas House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 72 55 17
Republican 28 45 17
Total 100 100

California

Main articles: 2010 California State Senate election and 2010 California State Assembly election
Senate results
State Assembly results

All of the seats of the California House of Representatives and half of the California Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

California State Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 25 25
Republican 15 15
Total 40 40
California State Assembly
Party Before After Change
Democratic 50 52 2
Republican 29 28 1
Independent 1 0 1
Total 80 80

Colorado

All of the seats of the Colorado House of Representatives and half of the Colorado Senate were up for election. Republicans won control of the House while Democrats maintained control of the Senate.

Colorado Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 21 20 1
Republican 14 15 1
Total 35 35
Colorado House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 27 33 6
Democratic 38 32 6
Total 65 65

Connecticut

Main articles: 2010 Connecticut State Senate election and 2010 Connecticut House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Connecticut Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Connecticut State Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 24 23 1
Republican 12 13 1
Total 36 36
Connecticut House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 114 100 14
Republican 37 51 14
Total 151 151

Delaware

Main articles: 2010 Delaware Senate election and 2010 Delaware House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Delaware House of Representatives and half of the Delaware Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Delaware Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 15 14 1
Republican 6 7 1
Total 21 21
Delaware House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 24 26 2
Republican 17 15 2
Total 41 41

Florida

All of the seats of the Florida House of Representatives and half of the Florida Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Florida Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 26 28 2
Democratic 14 12 2
Total 40 40
Florida House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 76 81 5
Democratic 44 39 5
Total 120 120

Georgia

Main articles: 2010 Georgia State Senate election and 2010 Georgia House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Georgia Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers, slightly expanding their majorities in each. Immediately following the election, one Democratic senator and eight Democratic representatives switched parties and became Republicans, further bolstering their majorities.[21][25]

Georgia State Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 34 35 1
Democratic 22 21 1
Total 56 56
Georgia House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 105 108 3
Democratic 74 71 3
Independent 1 1
Total 180 180

Hawaii

All of the seats of the Hawaii House of Representatives and half of the Hawaii Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Hawaii Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 23 24 1
Republican 2 1 1
Total 25 25
Hawaii House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 45 43 2
Republican 6 8 2
Total 51 51

Idaho

All of the seats of the Idaho Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Idaho Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 28 28
Democratic 7 7
Total 35 35
Idaho House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 52 57 5
Democratic 18 13 5
Total 70 70

Illinois

Main articles: 2010 Illinois Senate election and 2010 Illinois House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Illinois House of Representatives and 1/3rd of the Illinois Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Illinois Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 37 35 2
Republican 22 24 2
Total 59 59
Illinois House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 70 64 6
Republican 48 54 6
Total 118 118

Indiana

House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Indiana House of Representatives and half of the Indiana Senate were up for election. Republicans expanded their majority in the Senate and flipped control of the House of Representatives, winning their largest legislative gains in over 25 years.[19]

Indiana Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 33 37 4
Democratic 17 13 4
Total 50 50
Indiana House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 48 60 12
Democratic 52 40 12
Total 100 100

Iowa

Main articles: 2010 Iowa Senate election and 2010 Iowa House of Representatives election
Senate results

All of the seats of the Iowa House of Representatives and half of the Iowa Senate were up for election. Republicans won control of the House of Representatives and Democrats maintained control of the Senate.

Iowa Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 32 26 6
Republican 18 24 6
Total 50 50
Iowa House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 43 60 17
Democratic 57 40 17
Total 100 100

Kansas

All of the seats of the Kansas House of Representatives. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Kansas House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 77 92 15
Democratic 48 33 15
Total 125 125

Kentucky

Main articles: 2010 Kentucky Senate election and 2010 Kentucky House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Kentucky House of Representatives and half of the Kentucky Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the Senate and Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives.

Kentucky Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 20 22 2
Independent 1 1
Democratic 17 15 2
Total 38 38
Kentucky House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 65 58 7
Republican 35 42 7
Total 100 100

Maine

All of the seats of the Maine Legislature were up for election. Republicans won control of both legislative chambers.

Maine Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 15 20 5
Democratic 20 14 6
Independent 0 1 1
Total 35 35
Maine House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 55 77 22
Democratic 95 73 22
Independent 1 1
Total 151 151

Maryland

Main articles: 2010 Maryland Senate election and 2010 Maryland House of Delegates election
Senate results
House of Delegates results, simplifying multi-member districts

All of the seats of the Maryland Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Maryland Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 33 35 2
Republican 14 12 2
Total 47 47
Maryland House of Delegates
Party Before After Change
Democratic 104 98 6
Republican 37 43 6
Total 141 141

Massachusetts

Main articles: 2010 Massachusetts Senate election and 2010 Massachusetts House of Representatives election
Senate results

All of the seats of the Massachusetts Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Massachusetts Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 35 36 1
Republican 5 4 1
Total 40 40
Massachusetts House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 144 130 14
Republican 15 30 15
Independent 1 0 1
Total 160 160

Michigan

Main articles: 2010 Michigan Senate election and 2010 Michigan House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Michigan Legislature were up for election. Republicans made large gains in both chambers, flipping control of the House and expanding their majority in the Senate.[19]

Michigan Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 22 26 4
Democratic 16 12 4
Total 38 38
Michigan House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 43 63 20
Democratic 67 47 20
Total 110 110

Minnesota

Main articles: 2010 Minnesota Senate election and 2010 Minnesota House of Representatives election
Senate results by vote share
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Minnesota Legislature were up. Republicans won control of both chambers.

Minnesota Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 21 37 16
Democratic (DFL) 46 30 16
Total 67 67
Minnesota House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 47 72 25
Democratic (DFL) 87 62 25
Total 134 134

Missouri

Main articles: 2010 Missouri Senate election and 2010 Missouri House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Missouri House of Representatives and half of the Missouri Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Missouri Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 23 26 3
Democratic 11 8 3
Total 34 34
Missouri House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 89 106 17
Democratic 74 57 17
Total 163 163

Montana

Main articles: 2010 Montana Senate election and 2010 Montana House of Representatives election
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Montana House of Representatives and half of the Montana Senate were up for election. Republicans won control of the House and maintained control of the Senate.

Montana Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 27 28 1
Democratic 23 22 1
Total 50 50
Montana House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 50 68 18
Democratic 50[i] 32 18
Total 100 100

Nebraska

Nebraska is the only U.S. state with a unicameral legislature; half of the seats of the Nebraska Legislature were up for election. Nebraska is also unique in that its legislature is officially non-partisan and holds non-partisan elections, although the Democratic and Republican parties each endorse legislative candidates. Republicans maintained control, gaining one seat through election, as well as an additional seat with the appointment of Dave Bloomfield to replace Democrat Robert Giese, who resigned.

Nebraska Legislature
Party Before After Change
Republican 30 31 1
Democratic 19 18 1
Total 49 49


Nevada

All of the seats of the Nevada House of Representatives and half of the Nevada Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Nevada Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 12 11 1
Republican 9 10 1
Total 21 21
Nevada Assembly
Party Before After Change
Democratic 28 26 2
Republican 14 16 2
Total 42 42

New Hampshire

All of the seats of the New Hampshire House of Representatives and the New Hampshire Senate were up for election. Republicans won control of both legislative chambers.

New Hampshire Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 10 19 9
Democratic 14 5 9
Total 24 24
New Hampshire House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 176 298 122
Democratic 224 102 122
Total 400 400

New Mexico

Main article: 2010 New Mexico House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the New Mexico House of Representatives. Democrats maintained control of the chamber.

New Mexico House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 45 36 9
Republican 25 34 9
Total 70 70

New York

Main articles: 2010 New York State Senate election and 2010 New York State Assembly election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the New York Legislature were up for election. Republicans won control of the Senate, and Democrats maintained control of the Assembly.

New York State Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 30 32 2
Democratic 32 30 2
Total 62 62
New York State Assembly
Party Before After Change
Democratic 107 99 8
Republican 41 50 9
Independence 1 1
Working Families 1 0 1
Total 150 150

North Carolina

Main articles: 2010 North Carolina Senate election and 2010 North Carolina House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the North Carolina House of Representatives and half of the North Carolina Senate were up for election. Republicans made massive gains, flipping control of both state legislative chambers, winning them both simultaneously for the first time in over a century.[19]

North Carolina Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 20 31 11
Democratic 30 19 11
Total 50 50
North Carolina House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 52 67 15
Independent 0 1 1
Democratic 68 52 16
Total 120 120

North Dakota

All of the seats of the North Dakota House of Representatives and half of the North Dakota Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

North Dakota Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 26 35 9
Democratic-NPL 21 12 9
Total 47 47
North Dakota House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 58 69 11
Democratic-NPL 36 25 11
Total 94 94

Ohio

All of the seats of the Ohio House of Representatives and half of the Ohio Senate were up for election. Republicans won control of the House of Representatives and maintained control of the Senate.

Ohio Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 21 23 2
Democratic 12 10 2
Total 33 33
Ohio House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 46 59 13
Democratic 53 40 13
Total 99 99

Oklahoma

All of the seats of the Oklahoma House of Representatives and half of the Oklahoma Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Oklahoma Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 26 32 6
Democratic 22 16 6
Total 48 48
Oklahoma House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 62 70 8
Democratic 39 31 8
Total 101 101

Oregon

Main article: 2010 Oregon legislative election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Oregon House of Representatives and half of the Oregon Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of the Senate, and the House of Representatives became tied.

Oregon State Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 18 16 2
Republican 12 14 2
Total 30 30
Oregon House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 36 30 6
Republican 24 30 6
Total 60 60

Pennsylvania

Main articles: 2010 Pennsylvania Senate election and 2010 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and half of the Pennsylvania Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of the Senate and won control of the House of Representatives.

Pennsylvania State Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 30 30
Democratic 20 20
Total 50 50
Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 99 112 13
Democratic 104 91 13
Total 203 203

Rhode Island

All of the seats of the Rhode Island Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Rhode Island Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 33 29 4
Republican 4 8 4
Independent 1 1
Total 38 38
Rhode Island House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 69 65 4
Republican 6 10 4
Total 75 75

South Carolina

All of the seats of the South Carolina House of Representatives were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

South Carolina House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 73 76 3
Democratic 51 48 3
Total 124 124

South Dakota

All of the seats of the South Dakota Legislature were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

South Dakota Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 21 29 8
Democratic 14 6 8
Total 35 35
South Dakota House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 46 50 4
Democratic 24 19 5
Independent 0 1 1
Total 70 70

Tennessee

Main articles: 2010 Tennessee Senate election and 2010 Tennessee House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Tennessee House of Representatives and half of the Tennessee Senate were up for election. After having narrowly won control of both chambers in the 2008 election, Republicans greatly expanded their majority in the House and picked up one seat in the Senate.[19]

Tennessee Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 19 20 1
Democratic 14 13 1
Total 33 33
Tennessee House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 50 64 14
Democratic 48 34 14
Independent Republican 1 1
Total 99 99

Texas

Main articles: 2010 Texas Senate election and 2010 Texas House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Texas House of Representatives and half of the Texas Senate were up for election. After having nearly lost control of the Texas House in 2008, Republicans routed the Democrats, flipping 22 seats. Republicans erased all of the gains Democrats had made in 2006 and 2008, and they defeated almost every Democrat representing a rural, Republican-leaning district.[66]

Texas Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 19 19
Democratic 12 12
Total 31 31
Texas House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 77 99 22
Democratic 73 51 22
Total 150 150

Utah

All of the seats of the Utah House of Representatives and half of the Utah Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Utah State Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 21 22 1
Democratic 8 7 1
Total 29 29
Utah House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 53 58 5
Democratic 22 17 5
Total 75 75

Vermont

All of the seats of the Vermont Legislature were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Vermont Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 23 21 2
Republican 7 8 1
Progressive 0 1 1
Total 30 30
Vermont House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 94 94
Republican 48 48
Progressive 5 5
Independent 3 3
Total 150 150

Washington

Main articles: 2010 Washington State Senate election and 2010 Washington House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Washington House of Representatives and half of the Washington Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both legislative chambers.

Washington State Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 31 27 4
Republican 18 22 4
Total 49 49
Washington House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Democratic 61 56 5
Republican 37 42 5
Total 98 98

West Virginia

Main articles: 2010 West Virginia Senate election and 2010 West Virginia House of Delegates election
Senate results

All of the seats of the West Virginia House of Delegates and half of the West Virginia Senate were up for election. Democrats maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

West Virginia Senate
Party Before After Change
Democratic 26 28 2
Republican 8 6 2
Total 34 34
West Virginia House of Delegates
Party Before After Change
Democratic 71 65 6
Republican 29 35 6
Total 100 100

Wisconsin

Main articles: 2010 Wisconsin Senate election and 2010 Wisconsin State Assembly election
Senate results
State Assembly results

All of the seats of the Wisconsin Assembly and half of the Wisconsin Senate were up for election. Republicans flipped control of both state legislative chambers, as well as the governorship, winning complete control of state government for the first time since 1998.[19]

Wisconsin Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 15 19 4
Democratic 18 14 4
Total 33 33
Wisconsin State Assembly
Party Before After Change
Republican 46 60 13
Democratic 51 38 12
Independent 2 1 1
Total 99 99

Wyoming

Main articles: 2010 Wyoming Senate election and 2010 Wyoming House of Representatives election
Senate results by vote share

All of the seats of the Wyoming House of Representatives and half of the Wyoming Senate were up for election. Republicans maintained control of both state legislative chambers.

Wyoming Senate
Party Before After Change
Republican 23 26 3
Democratic 7 4 3
Total 30 30
Wyoming House of Representatives
Party Before After Change
Republican 41 50 9
Democratic 19 10 9
Total 60 60

Territorial and federal district summaries

American Samoa

All of the seats of the American Samoa Senate and the American Samoa House of Representatives were up for election. Members of the Senate serve four-year terms, while members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms. Gubernatorial and legislative elections are conducted on a nonpartisan basis in American Samoa.

Guam

Guam Legislature
Party Before After Change
Democratic 9 9
Republican 6 6
Total 15 15

U.S. Virgin Islands

Virgin Islands Legislature
Party Before After Change
Democratic 10 10
Independent 5 5
Total 15 15

Washington, D.C.

District of Columbia Council
Party Before After Change
Democratic 11 11
Independent 2 2
Total 13 13

Special elections

There were 30 state legislative special elections held in 2010 across 10 states. No seats changed party control through these elections.[67]

Notes

  1. ^ The Oregon House of Representatives was tied in the 2011-2013 session. This is not included in the total.
  2. ^ a b The Alaska Senate was controlled by a coalition of Democrats and Republicans. The minority caucus consists of Republicans who were not part of the majority coalition.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h The upper houses of Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Texas use a 2-4-4 term length system.
  4. ^ a b c These figures represent the seats of Nebraska's unicameral legislature.
  5. ^ Counts seats that were vacant prior to the election towards the party that last held them
  6. ^ Counts seats in the officially nonpartisan Nebraska legislature towards the party that endorsed each candidate
  7. ^ Counts seats that were vacant prior to the election towards the party that last held them
  8. ^ Prior to the 2010 election, the 100 seats in the Montana House of Representatives were evenly split between Democrats and Republicans, but the Democratic Party controlled the chamber by virtue of holding the governor's office.
  9. ^ The Democratic Party controlled the chamber by virtue of holding the governor's office.

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