Zimbabwe national football team

Zimbabwe
Nickname(s)The Warriors
AssociationZimbabwe Football Association (ZIFA)
ConfederationCAF (Africa)
Sub-confederationCOSAFA (Southern Africa)
Head coachMichael Nees
CaptainMarshall Munetsi
Most capsPeter Ndlovu (81)
Top scorerPeter Ndlovu (37)
Home stadiumNational Sports Stadium
FIFA codeZIM
First colours
Second colours
Third colours
FIFA ranking
Current 116 5 (3 April 2025)[1]
Highest39 (April 1994)
Lowest131 (October 2009, February–March 2016)
First international
  0–4 Northern Rhodesia 
(Southern Rhodesia; 1946)
Biggest win
 Botswana 0–7  
(Gaborone, Botswana; 26 August 1990)
Biggest defeat
 South Africa 7–0  
(South Africa; 9 April 1977)
Africa Cup of Nations
Appearances6 (first in 2004)
Best resultGroup stage (2004, 2006, 2017, 2019, 2021)
African Nations Championship
Appearances5 (first in 2009)
Best resultFourth place (2014)
COSAFA Cup
Appearances20 (first in 1997)
Best resultChampions (2000, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2017, 2018)

The Zimbabwe national football team (nicknamed The Warriors) represents Zimbabwe in men's international football and is controlled by the Zimbabwe Football Association (ZIFA), formerly known as the Football Association of Rhodesia. The team has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup finals, but has qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations six times. Zimbabwe has also won the COSAFA Cup six times. The team represents both FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

History

Southern Rhodesia played their first official match against the England Amateur national football team as part of the latter's tour of South Africa and Rhodesia in June 1929. Southern Rhodesia lost their first two matches against England 4–0 and 6–1, respectively.[3] In 1965, following Southern Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence as Rhodesia, FIFA requested that the Football Association of Rhodesia reform to be a multi-racial organisation. Prior to this, only white Rhodesians were selected for the national football team but after 1965 the team became multi-racial.[4] In 1969, Rhodesia took part in the Oceanic 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification tournament. This was their first attempt to qualify for the FIFA World Cup. Contrary to the team being viewed as the representative team of white Rhodesians, the team was multi-racial including black players.[5] They were drawn against the Australia national football team. Both legs were held in Lourenço Marques, Portuguese Mozambique as the Rhodesian team were unable to get Australian visas. Rhodesia drew the first leg 1–1 but lost the second leg 3–1 thus eliminating Rhodesia from qualification.[5]

In 1980, following the country's reconstitution as Zimbabwe, they played their first FIFA World Cup qualifying match for 11 years against the Cameroon national football team. However they lost 2–1 on aggregate after a 1–0 win in the first leg in Salisbury and a 2–0 loss in the second leg.[6][7] Following this, the country passed a law that people who held British passports would not be permitted to hold a Zimbabwean passport, which mean that players such as goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar, who is considered to be Zimbabwe's greatest goalkeeper,[8]were not selected for the national team for 10 years.[9] Following a change in policy that allowed Grobbelaar to play for Zimbabwe, who entered the country on his British passport, Zimbabwe under manager Reinhard Fabisch were one match away from qualifying for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. However, they lost their final qualifying match to Cameroon.[9][10]

In 2004, Zimbabwe qualified for their first Africa Cup of Nations. During their first match against Egypt, their former anthem "Ishe Komborera Africa" was accidentally played instead of "Simudzai Mureza wedu weZimbabwe", an act which Information Minister Jonathan Moyo called "a cheap attempt by the organisers to demoralise our boys".[11]

In 2015, the Zimbabwe national football team were banned from participating in 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying due to an unpaid debt to former coach, José Claudinei.[12] At the time, the team was experiencing its strongest period for many years, qualifying for both the 2017 and 2019 Africa Cup of Nations.

On 1 March 2022, Zimbabwe, along with Kenya, was suspended again from international sport due to the interference of the government. Earlier in November 2021, Harare and Nairobi dissolved their federations and were replaced with government-officials. On 31 March, the suspension was made indefinitely and was ratified by FIFA. Suspension is set until Zimbabwe and Kenya meet the demands given by FIFA. The team has produced some of the finest footballers the likes of the legendary Peter Ndlovu who played for Zimbabwe 100 times. He featured in the English premier for Coventry City, Birmingham City, Sheffield United and Huddersfield. Peter Ndlovu is well remembered for the hatrick he scored at Anfield against Liverpool, Bruce Grobelaar former Liverpool Goalkeeper, Norman Mapeza former Galatasary defender, Benjan Mwaruwaru former Man city player. Knowledge Musona former Anderletch and Bundesliga player. Khama Billiat former Mamelodi Sundowns and Kaizer Chiefs player.

Kit provider

Kit provider Period
L-Sporto 2004–2005
Legea 2006–2009
Puma 2010–2012
Umbro 2013–2014
Joma 2015–2016
Mafro 2017–2018
Umbro 2019–2022
Puma 2023–present

Results and fixtures

The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

  Win   Draw   Loss   Fixture

2024

23 March Friendly Zambia  2–2
(5–6 p)
  Lilongwe, Malawi
Report Stadium: Bingu National Stadium
26 March Friendly   1–3  Kenya Lilongwe, Malawi
Report Stadium: Bingu National Stadium
7 June 2026 World Cup qualification   0–2  Lesotho Johannesburg, South Africa
15:00 UTC+2 Report
  • Rasethuntša 21'
  • Thabantso 31'
Stadium: Orlando Stadium
Referee: Thulani Sibandze (Eswatini)
11 June 2026 World Cup qualification South Africa  3–1   Bloemfontein, South Africa
18:00 UTC+2
Report Stadium: Free State Stadium
Referee: Mohamed Maarouf Eid Mansour (Egypt)
27 June 2024 COSAFA Cup   1–0  Comoros Gqeberha, South Africa
15:00
  • Tapera 53'
Report Stadium: Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium
30 June 2024 COSAFA Cup Zambia  0–2   Gqeberha, South Africa
15:00 Report
  • Tapera 8'
  • Benhura 43'
Stadium: Isaac Wolfson Stadium
2 July 2024 COSAFA Cup Kenya  2–0   Gqeberha, South Africa
12:00 Report Stadium: Isaac Wolfson Stadium
6 September 2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Kenya  0–0   Kampala, Uganda
16:00 UTC+3 Report Stadium: Mandela National Stadium
Referee: Adalbert Douf (Senegal)
10 September 2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification   0–0  Cameroon Kampala, Uganda
19:00 UTC+3 Report Stadium: Mandela National Stadium
Referee: Mahmoud El Banna (Egypt)
10 October 2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Namibia  0–1   Johannesburg, South Africa
15:00 UTC+2 Report Billiat 34' (pen.) Stadium: Orlando Stadium
Referee: Patrice Mebiame (Gabon)
14 October 2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification   3–1  Namibia Johannesburg, South Africa
18:00 UTC+2
Report
  • Eiseb 90'
Stadium: Orlando Stadium
Referee: Yannick Malala (DR Congo)
10 November 2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification   1-1  Kenya Polokwane, South Africa
18:00 CAT (UTC+02:00) Maswanhise 32' Report Ayunga 52' Stadium: Peter Mokaba Stadium
Referee: Messie Jessie Nkounkou Mvoutou (Congo)
18 November 2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Cameroon  2-1   Yaoundé
15:00 CAT (UTC+02:00) Aboubakar 18', N'Koudou 23' Report Dzukamanja 73' Stadium: Stade Omnisport Ahmadou Ahidjo
Referee: Referee: Pacifique Ndabihawenimana (Burundi)

2025

20 March 2026 World Cup qualification   2–2  Benin Durban, South Africa
18:00 UTC+2
Report (FIFA)
Report (CAF)
Stadium: Moses Mabhida Stadium
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Bamlak Tessema Weyesa (Ethiopia)
25 March 2026 World Cup qualification Nigeria  1–1   Uyo, Nigeria
17:00 UTC+1
Report (FIFA)
Report (CAF)
Stadium: Godswill Akpabio International Stadium
Referee: Tsegay Mogos Teklu (Eritrea)
4 June 2025 COSAFA Cup Mauritius  0–0   Bloemfontein, South Africa
18:00 UTC+2 Report Stadium: Free State Stadium
Referee: Godfrey Nkhakananga (Malawi)
7 June 2025 COSAFA Cup South Africa  2–0   Bloemfontein, South Africa
15:00 UTC+2
Report Stadium: Dr. Petrus Molemela Stadium
Referee: Thabang Ketshabile (Botswana)
10 June 2025 COSAFA Cup Mozambique  1–3   Bloemfontein, South Africa
18:00 UTC+2
  • Calção 38'
Report
  • Ngwenya 27', 36' (pen.)
  • Makunike 90+5'
Stadium: Dr. Petrus Molemela Stadium
Referee: Godfrey Nkhakananga (Malawi)
September 2026 World Cup qualification Benin  v  
September 2026 World Cup qualification   v  Rwanda
22 December 2025 AFCON Group B Egypt  v   Agadir, Morocco
19:00 UTC+1 Stadium: Adrar Stadium
26 December 2025 AFCON Group B Angola  v   Marrakesh, Morocco
20:30 UTC+1 Stadium: Marrakesh Stadium
29 December 2025 AFCON Group B   v  South Africa Marrakesh, Morocco
20:30 UTC+1 Stadium: Marrakesh Stadium

Coaching history

Caretaker managers are listed in italics.

Coaching staff

Head coach Michael Nees
Assistant coaches Harold Ngwenya
Creedence Zinyemba
Goalkeeping coach Austin Chigwedere
Fitness Coach Donald Mupfumi
Match Analyst Kingsley Chirwa
Doctors Dr. Takunda Mavhunga
Dr. John Chikokore
Physiotherapists James Chikanga
Kathleen Mkhize
David Nyamuzihwa
Richard Mupanga
Team coordinator Preston Nyoni
Technical director Norman Mapeza
Jethro Hunidzarira

Players

Current squad

The following players were selected for the friendlies against Burkina Faso and Niger on 6 and 10 June 2025; respectively.[13]

Caps and goals are correct as of 10 June 2025, after the match against Niger.

No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club
1GK Washington Arubi (1985-08-29) 29 August 1985 31 0 Marumo Gallants
1GK Elvis Chipezeze (1990-03-11) 11 March 1990 8 0 Magesi
1GK Marley Tavaziva (2004-12-17) 17 December 2004 1 0 Brentford

2DF Teenage Hadebe (1995-09-17) 17 September 1995 39 2 Cincinnati
2DF Gerald Takwara (1994-10-29) 29 October 1994 22 1 Al-Minaa
2DF Peter Muduhwa (1993-08-11) 11 August 1993 12 0 Scottland
2DF Godknows Murwira (1993-07-04) 4 July 1993 12 0 Scottland
2DF Munashe Garananga (2001-01-18) 18 January 2001 10 0 Copenhagen
2DF Emmanuel Jalai (1999-01-06) 6 January 1999 4 0 Dynamos
2DF Isheanesu Mauchi (2002-11-28) 28 November 2002 1 0 Simba Bhora

3MF Richard Hachiro (1998-01-27) 27 January 1998 5 0 Ngezi Platinum
3MF Jonah Fabisch (2001-08-13) 13 August 2001 2 0 Erzgebirge Aue
3MF Mthokozisi Msebe (2000-02-17) 17 February 2000 1 0 Scottland
3MF Sean Fusire (2005-05-31) 31 May 2005 1 0 Sheffield Wednesday
3MF Donald Mudadi (1996-03-02) 2 March 1996 0 0 Simba Bhora

4FW Khama Billiat (1990-08-19) 19 August 1990 54 17 Scottland
4FW Tino Kadewere (1996-01-05) 5 January 1996 21 3 Nantes
4FW Prince Dube (1997-02-17) 17 February 1997 15 7 Young Africans
4FW Walter Musona (1995-12-12) 12 December 1995 15 4 Scottland
4FW Tawanda Maswanhise (2002-11-20) 20 November 2002 11 1 Motherwell
4FW Daniel Msendami (2000-10-24) 24 October 2000 6 0 Marumo Gallants
4FW Bill Antonio (2002-09-03) 3 September 2002 3 0 Mechelen
4FW Tawanda Macheke (1996-08-12) 12 August 1996 1 0 TelOne

Recent call-ups

The following players have been called up for Zimbabwe in the last 12 months.

Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club Latest call-up
GK Martin Mapisa (1998-05-25) 25 May 1998 2 0 MWOS v.  Nigeria, 25 March 2025
GK Bernard Donovan (1995-07-12) 12 July 1995 6 0 Chicken Inn v.  Cameroon, 10 September 2024
GK Raphael Pitisi (2002-10-16) 16 October 2002 1 0 Highlanders 2024 COSAFA Cup
GK Joseph Kaunda (2005-09-04) 4 September 2005 0 0 Manica Diamonds 2024 COSAFA Cup
GK Godfrey Chitsumba (1998-09-18) 18 September 1998 1 0 Manica Diamonds v.  South Africa; 11 June 2024

DF Divine Lunga (1995-05-28) 28 May 1995 21 0 Mamelodi Sundowns v.  Nigeria, 25 March 2025
DF Jordan Zemura (1999-11-14) 14 November 1999 16 0 Udinese v.  Nigeria, 25 March 2025
DF Andrew Mbeba (2000-02-19) 19 February 2000 7 0 Highlanders v.  Cameroon, 10 September 2024
DF Brendan Galloway (1996-03-17) 17 March 1996 3 0 Plymouth Argyle v.  Cameroon, 10 September 2024
DF Malvern Hativagoni (2002-09-02) 2 September 2002 1 0 Bulawayo Chiefs 2024 COSAFA Cup
DF Tawanda Chisi (2000-11-14) 14 November 2000 0 0 Manica Diamonds 2024 COSAFA Cup
DF Shane Maroodza (2004-05-18) 18 May 2004 0 0 Huddersfield Town 2024 COSAFA Cup

MF Knowledge Musona (1990-06-21) 21 June 1990 51 25 Al-Okhdood Club v.  Nigeria, 25 March 2025
MF Marshall Munetsi (1996-06-22) 22 June 1996 29 1 Wolverhampton Wanderers v.  Nigeria, 25 March 2025
MF Marvelous Nakamba (1994-01-19) 19 January 1994 29 0 Luton Town v.  Nigeria, 25 March 2025
MF Andy Rinomhota (1997-04-21) 21 April 1997 11 0 Cardiff City v.  Nigeria, 25 March 2025
MF Tawanda Chirewa (2003-10-11) 11 October 2003 4 1 Huddersfield Town v.  Nigeria, 25 March 2025
MF Mthokozisi Msebe (2000-02-17) 17 February 2000 1 0 Scottland v.  Nigeria, 25 March 2025
MF Brian Banda (1995-09-09) 9 September 1995 7 0 Platinum v.  Cameroon, 10 September 2024
MF Daniel Msendami (2000-10-24) 24 October 2000 4 0 Marumo Gallants v.  Cameroon, 10 September 2024
MF Tatenda Tavengwa (1997-03-29) 29 March 1997 4 0 Venda 2024 COSAFA Cup
MF Joey Phuthi (2005-01-02) 2 January 2005 1 0 Eastbourne Borough 2024 COSAFA Cup
MF Juan Mutudza (1999-04-12) 12 April 1999 1 0 Platinum 2024 COSAFA Cup
MF Tinotenda Meke 0 0 Green Fuel 2024 COSAFA Cup
MF Kingsley Mureremba (2005-01-19) 19 January 2005 0 0 CAPS United 2024 COSAFA Cup
MF McKinnon Mushore (2000-07-27) 27 July 2000 0 0 Highlanders 2024 COSAFA Cup
MF Panashe Mutimbanyoka (2002-02-21) 21 February 2002 0 0 Platinum 2024 COSAFA Cup
MF Tivonge Rushesha (2002-07-24) 24 July 2002 0 0 Reading v.  South Africa; 11 June 2024

FW Terrence Dzvukamanja (1994-05-05) 5 May 1994 17 1 SuperSport United v.  Nigeria, 25 March 2025
FW Tymon Machope (1993-07-03) 3 July 1993 3 0 Scottland v.  Nigeria, 25 March 2025
FW Obriel Chirinda (1997-01-28) 28 January 1997 6 1 Ngezi Platinum v.  Cameroon, 10 September 2024
FW Douglas Mapfumo (2000-03-01) 1 March 2000 1 0 Polokwane City v.  Cameroon, 10 September 2024
FW Takunda Benhura (2001-07-31) 31 July 2001 1 0 Ngezi Platinum 2024 COSAFA Cup
FW Washington Mapuwa 1 0 Green Fuel 2024 COSAFA Cup
FW Never Rauzhi 1 0 Bulawayo Chiefs 2024 COSAFA Cup
FW Michael Tapera (1998-07-18) 18 July 1998 1 1 Manica Diamonds 2024 COSAFA Cup

DEC Player refused to join the team after the call-up.
INJ Player withdrew from the squad due to an injury.
PRE Preliminary squad.
RET Player has retired from international football.
SUS Suspended from the national team, red or yellow cards.

Records

As of 19 November 2024[14]
Players in bold are still active with Zimbabwe.

Most appearances

Rank Player Caps Goals Career
1 Peter Ndlovu 100 37 1991–2007
2 John Phiri U 62 1 1983–1997
3 Adam Ndlovu 57 34 1990–2004
Khama Billiat 57 18 2011–present
5 Esrom Nyandoro 56 4 2001–2012
6 Dumisani Mpofu 52 0 1996–2006
Knowledge Musona 52 25 2010–2022
8 Ovidy Karuru 50 7 2007–2021
9 Ronald Sibanda 49 3 1997–2007
10 Onismor Bhasera 45 0 2006–2022
Note: U indicates that a player's statistics are unverified.

Top goalscorers

Rank Player Goals Caps Ratio Career
1 Peter Ndlovu 37 81 0.46 1991–2007
2 Adam Ndlovu 34 57 0.6 1992-2004
3 Knowledge Musona 25 52 0.48 2010–2022
4 Agent Sawu 18 57 0.32 1990–2004
Khama Billiat 18 57 0.32 2011–present
6 Vitalis Takawira 12 30 0.4 1992–1998
7 Luke Jukulile 10 15 0.67 2000–2001
Benjani Mwaruwari 10 42 0.24 1999–2010
9 Stanley Ndunduma 9 17 0.53 1983–1989
Cuthbert Malajila 9 32 0.28 2008–2017

Competitive record

FIFA World Cup

FIFA World Cup record Qualification record
Year Round Position Pld W D* L GF GA Pld W D L GF GA
1930 to 1962 Part of  United Kingdom Part of  United Kingdom
as   as  
1966 Did not enter Did not enter
1970 Did not qualify from Asia/Oceania zone 3 0 2 1 2 4
1974 Did not enter Did not enter
1978
as   as  
1982 Did not qualify from African zone 2 1 0 1 1 2
1986 2 0 1 1 1 2
1990 4 0 1 3 1 10
1994 10 6 2 2 11 10
1998 8 2 2 4 10 10
2002 8 6 0 2 11 6
2006 12 5 3 4 17 16
2010 6 1 3 2 4 6
2014 6 0 2 4 4 9
2018 Expelled from qualifying competition[15] Expelled from qualifying competition
2022 Did not qualify from African zone 8 1 2 5 5 9
2026 To be determined 6 0 4 2 5 9
2030 To be determined
2034
Total 0/15 75 22 22 31 72 93

Africa Cup of Nations

Africa Cup of Nations record
Appearances: 6
Year Round Position Pld W D* L GF GA
1957 to 1980 Not affiliated to CAF
1982 to 2002 Did not qualify
2004 Group stage 14th 3 1 0 2 6 8
2006 13th 3 1 0 2 2 5
2008 to 2015 Did not qualify
2017 Group stage 14th 3 0 1 2 4 8
2019 21st 3 0 1 2 1 6
2021 17th 3 1 0 2 3 4
2023 Disqualified due to FIFA suspension
2025 Qualified
2027 To be determined
2029
Total Group stage 6/35 15 3 2 10 16 31

African Nations Championship

African Nations Championship record
Appearances: 5
Year Round Position Pld W D* L GF GA
2009 Group stage 6th 3 0 3 0 3 3
2011 11th 3 1 0 2 2 3
2014 Fourth place 4th 6 2 3 1 3 2
2016 Group stage 13th 3 0 1 2 1 3
2018 Did not qualify
2020 Group stage 16th 3 0 0 3 1 5
2022 Did not qualify
Total Fourth place 5/7 18 3 7 8 10 16

African Games

African Games record
Year Result Pld W D L GF GA
1965–1987 Did not enter
1991–present See Zimbabwe national under-23 football team
Total 4/4 0 0 0 0 0 0

COSAFA Cup

  • 1997 – Qualifying round
  • 1998 – Second place
  • 1999 – Quarter-finals
  • 2000 – Winners
  • 2001 – Second place
  • 2002 – Quarter-finals
  • 2003 – Winners
  • 2004 – Semi-finals
  • 2005 – Winners
  • 2006 – Semi-finals
  • 2007 – First round
  • 2008 – Quarter-finals
  • 2009 – Winners
  • 2010 – Cancelled
  • 2013 – Second place
  • 2015 – Group stage
  • 2016 – Group stage
  • 2017 – Winners
  • 2018 – Winners
  • 2019 – Third place
  • 2020 – Cancelled
  • 2021 – Group stage

CECAFA Cup

  • 1981 – Group stage
  • 1982 – Third place
  • 1983 – Second place
  • 1984 – Group stage
  • 1985 – Winners
  • 1987 – Second place
  • 1988 – Fourth place
  • 1989 – Group stage
  • 1990 – Group stage
  • 2009 – Quarter-finals
  • 2011 – Quarter-finals

Honours

Intercontinental

Regional

Minor competitions

References

  1. ^ "The FIFA/Coca-Cola Men's World Ranking". FIFA. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
  2. ^ Elo rankings change compared to one year ago. "World Football Elo Ratings". eloratings.net. 6 July 2025. Retrieved 6 July 2025.
  3. ^ "England Matches – Unofficial". Englandfootballonline.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  4. ^ Gilchrist, Paul (2013). The Politics of Sport: Community, Mobility, Identity. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1317990994.
  5. ^ a b "When Rhodesia flirted with the World Cup". FIFA.com. 29 August 2016. Archived from the original on 4 September 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  6. ^ "Cameroon national football team: record v Zimbabwe". 11v11.com. AFS Enterprises Limited. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  7. ^ "1982 FIFA World Cup Spain – Matches – Zimbabwe-Cameroon". FIFA.com. 23 July 2016. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  8. ^ "Bruce Grobbelaar: Zimbabwe's Legendary Goalkeeper". Boxscore World Sportswire. 28 August 2022. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  9. ^ a b Hawkey, Ian. "When Peter Ndlovu and Bruce Grobbelaar made Zimbabwe dare to dream". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  10. ^ "World Cup 1994 Qualifying". Rsssf. 9 June 2016. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  11. ^ "Anger over Zimbabwe anthem gaffe". BBC News. 26 January 2004. Archived from the original on 29 February 2004. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  12. ^ "Zimbabwe expelled from 2018 World Cup". BBC Sport. 12 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  13. ^ (27 May 2025). "Warriors Squad for the June friendlies vs Burkina Faso and Niger" (Tweet). Retrieved 11 June 2025 – via Twitter.
  14. ^ "Zimbabwe". National Football Teams.
  15. ^ "Zimbabwe expelled from the preliminary competition of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia". FIFA.com. 12 March 2015. Archived from the original on 17 March 2015.
  16. ^ Chaudhuri, Arunava; Stokkermans, Karel (2001). "Afro-Asian Games 2003". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2020.