International Socialist Workers Congress, Zürich 1893

The International Socialist Workers Congress in Zürich that met from 6 to 13 August 1893 was the third congress of the Second International. The congress passed the "Zurich resolution" which expelled anarchists from the congress.[1] On 12 August, Friedrich Engels was designated the honorary president for the day and delivered the closing address,[2] the only time that Engels addressed a Second International period congress.[3] Notable participants included an official delegation from the British trade union movement, led by John Hodge.[4]

Resolutions

Before deliberations could begin, the Congress voted to exclude the anarchists led by Gustav Landauer, who left in protest.[1] Engels later emphasised the need to remain separate from the anarchists in his closing speech.[1] The mandate of Rosa Luxemburg as a delegate of the Socialists of Poland and Lithuania, in opposition to the Polish Social Democratic Party, was also rejected.[1]

Delegations

Country # of delegates Notes
Australia 1
Austria 27 Victor Adler
Bohemia 7
Belgium 17 Emile Vandervelde
Brazil 2 Brazilian mandates held by Wilhelm Liebknecht (Ger.) and Robert Seidel (Swiss)
Bulgaria 2 Yanko Sakazov
Denmark 2
France 41
Germany 92 August Bebel, representing the Social Democratic Party of Germany
Great Britain 65
Hungary 9
Italy 21 Filippo Turati
Poland 11 Stanislaw Mendelson; Ignacy Daszyński[1]
Romania 5 Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea
Russia 1 Pavel Axelrod
Serbia 1
Spain 2
Switzerland 101 Verena Conzett[5]
United States 3

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Lenz, J. (1932). The Rise and Fall of the Second International. New York: International Publishers Co., Inc. pp. 16–23.
  2. ^ International Socialist Congress Zurich, Switzerland (1894). Protokoll des Internationalen sozialistischen Arbeiterkongresses in der Tonhalle, Zürich, vom 6. bis 12. august 1893 (in German). Grütlivereins. p. 52.
  3. ^ Hunt, Tristram (2009). The Frock-Coated Communist: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels. London: Allen Lane. p. 344. ISBN 978-0-7139-9852-8.
  4. ^ Braunthal, Julius (1966). History of the International, 1864–1914. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons. p. 251.
  5. ^ Treichler, Hans Peter (2011). Die Arbeiterin in Zürich um 1900: Sozialgeschichtliches auf den Spuren Verena Conzetts (1861–1947) (in German). Conzett Verlag. p. 38. ISBN 978-3-03760-023-8 – via Issuu.com.

Bibliography

  • Braunthal, Julius. History of the International, Volume 1: 1864–1914.
  • Haupt, Georges. La Deuxième Internationale, 1889–1914: étude critique des sources, essai bibliographique.


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