Wellington City Council

Wellington City Council

Te Kaunihera o Pōneke
Type
Type
Leadership
Tory Whanau, Green
since 15 October 2022
Laurie Foon, Green
since 15 October 2022
Matt Prosser[1]
since 5 December 2024
Structure
Seats16[a]
Political groups
  •   Labour (4)
  •   Green (3)
  •   Independent (9)
Elections
STV
Last election
8 October 2022
Next election
11 October 2025
Meeting place
Ngake, Level 16, 113 The Terrace, Wellington[2]
Website
wellington.govt.nz/
Footnotes
  1. ^ Includes Mayor

Wellington City Council is a territorial authority in New Zealand, governing the city of Wellington, the country's capital city and third-largest city by population, behind Auckland and Christchurch. It consists of the central historic town and certain additional areas within the Wellington metropolitan area, extending as far north as Linden and covering rural areas such as Mākara and Ohariu. The city adjoins Porirua in the north and Hutt City in the north-east. It is one of nine territorial authorities in the Wellington Region.

The council represents a population of 209,900 as of June 2024[3] and consists of a mayor and fifteen councillors elected from six wards (Northern, Onslow-Western, Lambton, Eastern, Southern general wards and Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori ward).[n 1][4] It administers public works, sanitation, land use and building consents, among other local services. The council has used the marketing slogan "Absolutely Positively Wellington" in an official capacity since the early 1990s.[5]

Composition

Council

The mayor and all councillors are members of council.

Mayor

Main article: Mayor of Wellington
See also: 2022 Wellington City mayoral election

One mayor is elected at large from the entire Wellington City district.

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Tory Whanau Independent 2022
  • Ex-officio member of all committees and subcommittees

Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori ward

Te Whanganui a Tara is a Māori ward created by Wellington City Council in 2021.[6][7] The 2022 election returned Nīkau Wi-Neera as its first-ever councillor.[8]

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Nīkau Wi-Neera Greens 2022
  • Chair, Pītau Pūmanawa | Grants Subcommittee
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee[9]

Motukairangi/Eastern Ward

Motukairangi/Eastern Ward returns three councillors to the Wellington City Council. Since 2022 the councillors are:

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Sarah Free Independent 2013
  • Chair, Koata Hātepe | Regulatory Processes Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee[10]
Teri O'Neill Labour 2019
  • Chair, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee
  • Member, Unaunahi Ngaio | Chief Executive Performance Review Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Pītau Pūmanawa | Grants Subcommittee[11]
Tim Brown Independent 2022
  • Chair, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee
  • Member, Pītau Pūmanawa | Grants Subcommittee[12]

Pukehīnau/Lambton Ward

Pukehīnau/Lambton Ward returns three councillors to the Wellington City Council. Since 2024 the councillors are:

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Iona Pannett Independent 2007
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee
  • Member, Unaunahi Māhirahira | Audit and Risk Committee[13]
Nicola Young Independent 2013
  • Deputy Chair, Pītau Pūmanawa | Grants Subcommittee
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee[14]
Geordie Rogers Greens 2024
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee
  • Member, Koata Hātepe | Regulatory Processes Committee[15]

Takapū/Northern Ward

Takapū/Northern Ward returns three councillors to the Wellington City Council. Since 2022 the councillors are:

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Ben McNulty Labour 2022
  • Deputy Chair, Koata Hātepe | Regulatory Processes Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee[16]
Tony Randle Independent 2022
  • Deputy Chair, Unaunahi Māhirahira | Audit and Risk Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee[17]
John Apanowicz A Voice for Wellington 2022
  • Deputy Chair, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee
  • Member, Unaunahi Māhirahira | Audit and Risk Committee[18]

Wharangi/Onslow-Western Ward

Wharangi/Onslow-Western Ward returns three councillors to the Wellington City Council. Since 2022 the councillors are:

Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Diane Calvert Independent 2016
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Koata Hātepe | Regulatory Processes Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee[19]
Rebecca Matthews Labour 2019
  • Chair, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Unaunahi Ngaio | Chief Executive Performance Review Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee
  • Member, Unaunaihi Māhirahira | Audit and Risk Committee[20]
Ray Chung Independent 2022
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee
  • Member, Unaunahi Māhirahira | Audit and Risk Committee
  • Member, Koata Hātepe | Regulatory Processes Committee[21]

Paekawakawa/Southern Ward

Paekawakawa/Southern Ward is the only ward that returns two councillors to the Wellington City Council (all others returning one or three). Since 2022 the councillors are:

Photo Name Affiliation (if any) First elected Responsibilities
Laurie Foon Greens 2019
  • Deputy Mayor
  • Deputy Chair, Unaunahi Ngaio | Chief Executive Performance Review Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee
  • Member, Pītau Pūmanawa | Grants Subcommittee[22]
Nureddin Abdurahman Labour 2022
  • Deputy Chair, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Koata Hātepe | Regulatory Processes Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee[23]

Pouiwi

Two pouiwi (tribal representatives) were appointed in 2023 by the Council's Tākai Here partners, Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika and Ngāti Toa Rangatira. They have voting rights on Council committees, including committees of the whole, but not on the full Council.[24] Since 2023 the pouiwi are:

Name Appointed by Responsibilities
Holden Hohaia Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Pītau Pūmanawa | Grants Subcommittee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee[25]
Liz Kelly Ngāti Toa Rangatira
  • Member, Kōrau Tōtōpū | Long-term Plan, Finance, and Performance Committee
  • Member, Koata Hātepe | Regulatory Processes Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Tūāpapa | Environment and Infrastructure Committee
  • Member, Kōrau Mātinitini | Social, Cultural, and Economic Committee
  • Member, Unaunahi Māhirahira | Audit and Risk Committee[26]

Committees

Following a review in 2021 by former Local Government New Zealand chief executive Peter Winder, the council adopted a new committee structure.[27] All committees apart from Te Kaunihera o Pōneke Council and Unaunahi Ngaio Chief Executive Performance Review Committee include two mana whenua representatives (pouiwi), who are paid and have voting rights.[28]

Committees and subcommittees of the Wellington City Council[29]
Committee Chair Deputy Chair Membership
Te Kaunihera o Pōneke Mayor Tory Whanau Deputy Mayor Laurie Foon Mayor and all councillors
Kōrau Mātinitini Social, Cultural and Economic Committee Cr Teri O'Neill Cr Nureddin Abdurahman Mayor, all councillors, and both pouiwi
Pītau Pūmanawa Grants Subcommittee Cr Nīkau Wi Neera Cr Nicola Young Mayor and deputy mayor, Cr Brown, Cr O'Neill, Pouiwi Holden Hohaia
Kōrau Tōtōpū Long-term Plan, Finance and Performance Committee Cr Rebecca Matthews Cr John Apanowicz Mayor, all councillors, and both pouiwi
Kōrau Tūāpapa Environment and Infrastructure Committee Cr Tim Brown Cr Rebecca Matthews Mayor, all councillors, and both pouiwi
Koata Hātepe Regulatory Processes Committee Cr Sarah Free Cr Ben McNulty Mayor, Cr Abdurahman, Cr Calvert, Cr Chung, Cr Rogers, Pouiwi Liz Kelly
Unaunahi Mahirahira Audit and Risk Subcommittee Bruce Robertson (external appointee) Cr Tony Randle Mayor, Cr Apanowicz, Cr Chung, Cr Pannett, Pouiwi Liz Kelly
Unaunahi Ngaio Chief Executive Performance Review Committee Mayor Tory Whanau Deputy Mayor Laurie Foon Cr Matthews, Cr O'Neill, Cr Brown

Community boards

The council has created two local community boards under the provisions of Part 4 of the Local Government Act 2002,[30] with members elected using a single transferable vote (STV) system[31] or appointed by the council.

These are:

Wellington City Council community boards[29]
Committee Chair Deputy Chair Membership
Mākara/Ōhāriu Community Board Mark Reed Darren Hoskins Christine Grace, Chris Renner, Wayne Rudd, Hamish Todd
Tawa Community Board Jill Day Liz Langham Cr McNulty, Cr Randle, Rachel Allan, Tim Davin, Jesse Elias, Miriam Moore
Tawa Community Board Grants Committee vacant Rachel Allan, Miriam Moore, Jill Day, Tim Davin

History

The settlement became the colonial capital and seat of government in 1865, replacing Auckland.[35] Parliament officially sat in Wellington for the first time on 26 July 1865. During the last half of the nineteenth century, Wellington grew rapidly from 7,460 residents in 1867 to 49,344 by the end of the century.[36]

In 1870, the Wellington City Corporation was formed, with former town board chairman Joe Dransfield being elected as its mayor.[35][37] Wellington formally attained city status in 1881 when its non-Māori population surpassed 20,000.[35] The Municipal Corporations Act 1886 further ratified Wellington's status as a city, alongside Auckland, Dunedin, Christchurch and Nelson,[37] retroactively recognising it to have been such since 16 September 1870.[38]

Wellington's local electoral wards were given Māori names in 2018, after consultation with mana whenua.[39]

In May 2021, the Wellington City Council voted 13-2 to establish a Māori ward,[40][41] with the Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori ward first contested in the 2022 elections.

In July 2024, the National-led coalition government passed the Local Government (Electoral Legislation and Māori Wards and Māori Constituencies) Amendment Act 2024 which reinstated the requirement that councils must hold a referendum before establishing Māori wards or constituencies. In September 2024, the council voted 13-3 to affirm their decision to establish the Māori constituency, thereby triggering a referendum on the constituency to be held alongside the 2025 local elections.[42][43]

On 22 October 2024 the New Zealand government appointed Lindsay McKenzie as a Crown Observer to the council after the Council was forced to revise its 2023–2024 Long Term Plan in response to a failed attempt to sell its airport shares.[44][45] MP and former Wellington City councillor Tamatha Paul has accused the government's decision to appoint the Crown Observer as politically motivated.[46]

Amalgamations

The City of Wellington has subsumed many neighbouring boroughs including:

List of town clerks/chief executives

The city council was legally headed by a town clerk, who was in charge of the council administration and operations, later renamed as chief executive officer in 1991.[52] Holders of the office since 1842 are:[53]

Name Years
George White 1842–1843
Robert Suckling Cheesman
1843
William Bannister 1863–1865
J. B. Wallace 1865–1867
John Rigg 1867–1871
William Hester 1872–1877
Charles C. Graham 1877–1883
Thomas F. Martin 1883–1889
Joseph Page 1889-1902
John R. Palmer 1902–1925
Robert Tait Jr. (acting) 1925–1926
Edwin Philip Norman 1926–1952
Basil Peterson 1952–1956
Mervyn Sinclair Duckworth 1956–1964
Francis W. Pringle 1964–1972
Ian McCutcheon 1972–1984
David Niven 1984–1991
Doug Matheson (acting)
1991
Angela C. Griffin 1991–1997
Garry Poole 1998–2013
Kevin Lavery 2013–2019
Barbara McKerrow 2019–2025
Matt Prosser 2025–present

Civic symbols

Coat of arms

The Wellington City Council first adopted a coat of arms in 1878.[54] This coat of arms had the description:

Quarterly 1st Azure out of a ducal Crown OR a demi-lion rampant Gules holding in the paws a forked pennon flowing to the sinister, charged with the cross of St. George the ends Gules (crest of the Duke of Wellington).

2nd ARGENT. A galley with sails furled and oars and pennons SABLE (the commerce of the City).

3rd GULES. A garb (a wheat or wheat sheaf) PROPER (the Agricultural interests).

4th AZURE. A golden fleece PROPER cinctured GULES (the Pastoral interests).

Crest Mural Crown or surmounted by a dolphin embowed AZURE (supremacy by naval position).

MANTLE, AZURE and GULES. Supporters. Dexter. The British Lion. Sinister a Moa but PROPER. Motto "Suprema a Situ" (Supreme by position). Under the motto "1840" (date of the foundation of the City and Colony).[55]

The Wellington City Corporation was granted an official coat of arms by the College of Arms in 1951,[54] the blazon for which is:[56][57]

Coat of arms of Wellington City Council
Crest
On a Mural Crown Argent a Dolphin Naiant Azure, Mantled Gules.
Escutcheon
Quarterly Gules and Azure, a Cross Or between; In the first quarter a Fleece Or; in the second quarter on Water barry wavy proper in base a Lymphad sail furled pennon and flags flying Argent; in the third quarter a Garb Or; in the fourth quarter five Plates in Saltire Argent.
Supporters
On the dexter side a Lion gorged with a Collar and Chain reflexed over the back Or, and on the sinister side a Moa proper.
Motto
Suprema a Situ (Supreme by position)
Symbolism
The shield is divided vertically and horizontally, quarter of which the first and fourth are red and the remaining pair are blue. A golden cross is placed over the entire shield centrally between these quarters. The top left quarter contains a golden fleece (usually depicted as a whole sheep with a band around its middle). The second quarter is depicted as a silver sailing ship (lymphad) with its sails furled as it would be in port but with its flags flying, placed on waves in their natural colour. The third quarter contains a golden wheat sheaf, and the fourth has five silver discs arranged in a saltire.

The mural crown (a crown depicted as if made of stonewalling) is common as a crest in city coats of arms. It is coloured silver, and from its top comes a swimming dolphin. Around the crest is mantling in red. The supporters on either side of the shield are a golden heraldic lion with a chained collar around its neck to the left, and a moa in its natural colouring on the right (the terms "sinister" and "dexter" relate to the shield from the holder's point of view, not the viewer's, thus dexter is the viewer's left and sinister is the viewer's right). The base on which the supporters stand is normally not emblazoned but is left to the artist to decide. The Motto may be translated as "Supreme by position".

Badge and Flag

Main article: Flag of Wellington

Wellington City Council was also granted a badge by the College of Arms in 1963, with the heraldic description:

A Roundel Azure thereon a Lymphad Or the sail argent charged with a Dolphin naiant Azure pennon and flags flying Argent each charged with a Cross Gules.[58]

The flag of Wellington, adopted on 12 December 1962, incorporates the city's badge over a black cross on a gold field.[59]

Suburbs

Wellington city has 57 officially defined suburbs; one can group them by the wards used to elect the city council. Some areas, while officially forming part of a larger suburb (or several suburbs), are considered by some to be separate communities. The officially defined suburbs include:

Takapū Northern Ward

Wharangi Onslow-Western Ward

Pukehīnau Lambton Ward

Within Lambton Ward, the council's tourism agency has designated three inner-city "quarters", as marketing subdivisions to promote international and domestic tourism. They are:

Paekawakawa Southern Ward

Motukairangi Eastern Ward

Buildings

The Wellington City Council owns and until May 2019 operated from a complex on Wakefield Street, with various extensions each representing a distinctive architectural period. The complex incorporates the Wellington Town Hall which opened in 1904, with the most recent extension completed in 1991 alongside the Wellington Central Library.

The Wakefield Street complex has been cleared of back office functions, and since 28 May 2019 will be closed completely for repairs and earthquake strengthening. In the interim, most of the council's central office staff are located in commercial premises at 113 The Terrace. The council operates two public service desks out of Johnsonville Library and Te Awe Library in the CBD.[60] Due to repairs also being needed to the Wellington Central Library, and Capital E, all of the civic buildings on Civic Square are closed, except for the City Gallery.

Council-owned companies and enterprises

The Wellington City Council owns or directly operates several companies.

The council is a part-owner of Wellington Airport, and has two representatives on the airport's board. Former Mayor Andy Foster was a member of the board from 2016 to 2022 and was criticised for poor attendance at board meetings.[61][62] In 2022 he was replaced by incoming mayor Tory Whanau, who was also criticised for poor attendance.[62][63]

The seven council-controlled organisations (CCOs) are[64]

The council has a similar interest in the Wellington Regional Stadium Trust.

Sister-city relationships

Sister cities[66]
Historical sister cities[68]
Friendly cities[69]
  • Tianjin, People's Republic of China

Proposed/air marked future sister cities

See also

Notes

Footnotes
  1. ^ Multiple councillors are elected to general wards using the single transferable vote (STV) system
Citations
  1. ^ "Our Executive Leadership team". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  2. ^ Wellington City Council (22 April 2021). "Speaking at meetings". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  3. ^ "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  4. ^ "Overview – Elections 2010 – Wellington City Council". Retrieved 10 August 2010.
  5. ^ Maclean, Chris (14 November 2012). "Branding Wellington". TeAra.govt.nz. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  6. ^ George, Damian; MacManus, Joel (11 March 2021). "Wellington City Council set to establish Māori ward next year". Stuff. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  7. ^ "Council votes for Māori Ward in Pōneke". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  8. ^ "Wellington City Council – 2022 Triennial Elections" (PDF). Wellington City Council. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  9. ^ "Councillor Nīkau Wi Neera". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  10. ^ "Councillor Sarah Free". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  11. ^ "Councillor Teri O'Neill". wellington.govt,nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  12. ^ "Councillor Tim Brown". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  13. ^ "Councillor Iona Pannett". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  14. ^ "Councillor Nicola Young". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  15. ^ "Councillor Geordie Rogers". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  16. ^ "Councillor Ben McNulty". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  17. ^ "Councillor Tony Randle". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  18. ^ "Councillor John Apanowicz". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  19. ^ "Councillor Diane Calvert". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  20. ^ "Councillor Rebecca Matthews". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  21. ^ "Councillor Ray Chung". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  22. ^ "Deputy Mayor Laurie Foon". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  23. ^ "Councillor Nureddin Abdurahman". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  24. ^ "Meet our mana whenua representatives". Wellington City Council. 31 May 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  25. ^ "Pouiwi Holden Hohaia". Wellington City Council. 2 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  26. ^ "Pouiwi Liz Kelly". Wellington City Council. 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  27. ^ Wellington City Council. "Council's new committee structure agreed". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  28. ^ Wellington City Council (29 April 2021). "Council votes to include mana whenua at the meeting table". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  29. ^ a b "Governance structure". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 11 June 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  30. ^ "Local Government Act 2002 No 84 (as at 01 July 2017)". www.legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  31. ^ "Electoral Systems". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  32. ^ "Tawa Community Board". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  33. ^ a b "Ward maps and boundaries". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  34. ^ "Mākara/Ōhāriu Community Board". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  35. ^ a b c "1865 - 1890". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 16 May 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  36. ^ "Wellington region. Page 8 – From town to city: 1865–1899". TeAra.govt.nz. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  37. ^ a b Thorns, David; Schrader, Ben (11 March 2010). "City history and people - Towns to cities". teara.govt.nz. Te Ara: the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  38. ^ Municipal Corporations Act 1886, cls 20 and Second Schedule.
  39. ^ Wellington City Council (13 June 2018). "Bilingual naming of Wellington City Council wards". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  40. ^ George, Damian; MacManus, Joel (11 March 2021). "Wellington City Council set to establish Māori ward next year". Stuff. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  41. ^ "Council votes for Māori Ward in Pōneke". wellington.govt.nz. . 13 May 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  42. ^ Hunt, Tom (5 September 2024). "Wellington City Council passes Māori ward vote". The Post. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  43. ^ "Wellington City Council votes to keep Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori Ward". wellington.govt.nz. . 5 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  44. ^ Smith, Sam (11 November 2024). "Crown Observer appointed to Wellington Council". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  45. ^ "Wellington City Council's Crown observer named as Lindsay McKenzie". RNZ. 11 November 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  46. ^ Hunt, Tom (18 November 2024). "Case for Crown intervention 'finely balanced' despite Wellington City Council issues". The Post. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  47. ^ Betts 1970, p. 39.
  48. ^ a b Yska 2006, p. 113.
  49. ^ Yska 2006, pp. 91–2.
  50. ^ Betts 1970, p. 86.
  51. ^ Yska 2006, p. 234.
  52. ^ Yska 2006, p. 243.
  53. ^ Betts 1970, p. 262.
  54. ^ a b "Timeline - We Built This City". Archives Online. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  55. ^ "Wellington City Council coat of arms (general file)". Archives Online. Wellington City Council. p. 81. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  56. ^ "Coats of Arms – Local". Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  57. ^ "Letters patent granting armorial ensigns [Grant for WCC Coat of Arms]". Archives Online. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  58. ^ "Letters patent granting use of roundel". Archives Online. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  59. ^ "City of Wellington: city flag". Archives Online. Wellington City Council. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  60. ^ "Council service desk locations". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  61. ^ Campbell, Georgina. "Report reveals Wellington Mayor Andy Foster's poor airport board meeting attendance". The New Zealand Herald. New Zealand Media and Entertainment. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  62. ^ a b {"Wellington Airport announces new Board appointment". Wellington Airport. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  63. ^ Manera, Ethan. "Wellington Mayor Tory Whanau missed half of airport board meetings in past year". NZ Herald. Retrieved 26 June 2025.
  64. ^ Wellington City Council. "Te Pūrongo ā-Tau Annual Report 2019–2020" (PDF). Wellington City Council. p. 105. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  65. ^ "Harrogate, England". wellington.govt.nz. Wellington City Council. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  66. ^ "Sister Cities – Overview". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  67. ^ "Canberra and Wellington Strengthen Ties". ACT Government. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  68. ^ "Historical Sister Cities". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  69. ^ "Friendly cities". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  70. ^ "Wellington City Council votes for a sister city in Palestine". www.stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 27 January 2024.

References

  • Betts, George (1970). Betts on Wellington: a city and its politics. Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed Ltd. ISBN 0 589 00469 7.
  • A Complete Guide To Heraldry by A.C. Fox-Davies 1909.
  • Yska, Redmer (2006). Wellington: Biography of a city. Auckland: Reed. ISBN 0-7900-1117-4.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Wellington City.

41°17′44″S 174°46′50″E / 41.29556°S 174.78056°E / -41.29556; 174.78056

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