Władysław Witwicki

Władysław Witwicki (Polish: [vitˈvit͡ski]; 30 April 1878,[1] Lubaczów – 21 December 1948,[2] Konstancin)[3] was a Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator (mainly of Plato's works into Polish), historian (of philosophy and art) and artist. He is seen as one of the fathers of psychology in Poland.[4][5]

Witwicki was also the creator of the theory of cratism,[6][7] theory of feelings,[8][9] and he dealt with the issues of the psychology of religion,[10] and the creation of secular ethics.[11] He was one of the initiators and co-founders of Polish Philosophical Society.[12] He is one of the thinkers associated with the Lwów–Warsaw school.[13]

Background

Władysław Witwicki was the fifth child of Urszula Witwicka, born Woińska (niece of the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv, Łukasz Baraniecki), and Ludwik–Filip Wasylkowicz Witwicki,[14] as well as father of Janusz Witwicki, the creators of the Plastic Panorama of Old Lviv.[15]

He graduated from the University of Lviv (1900), was a student of Kazimierz Twardowski.[1][16] In 1901–1902 he studied at the University of Vienna (under the direction of Alois Höfler) and at the Leipzig University (under the direction of Wilhelm Wundt).[1][17] Then Witwicki taught in Lviv gymnasiums (1902–1918),[18] lectured at the University of Lviv (1907–1918),[19] and became a professor at the University of Warsaw (1919–1948).[20][21][22]

Works

Witwicki is the author of the first Polish textbooks on psychology.[23] He also collaborated with other philosophers. For instance, he worked with Bronisław Bandrowski to develop a model of psychology based on Franz Brentano's theory on phenomenology. It included an analysis of Edmund Husserl's Theory of Content and the Phenomenon of Thinking.[17]

In the comments to his own translation of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark – Dobra Nowina według Mateusza i Marka[24] (The Good News according to Matthew and Mark) – Witwicki challenges the mental health of Jesus. He attributed to Jesus subjectivism, increased sense of his own power and superiority over others, egocentrism and the tendency to subjugate other people,[25] as well as difficulties communicating with the outside world and multiple personality disorder, which made him a schizothymic or even schizophrenic type (according to the Ernst Kretschmer's typology).[7][26]

Artistic activities

Witwicki illustrated books (including his own translations), created watercolors, etchings, woodcuts, bookplates. He designed magazine covers, cast plaster busts, sculpted, reviewed exhibitions, presented artists' profiles.[27][28] He helped his son Janusz create the Plastic Panorama of Old Lviv.[29] He lectured and wrote articles about art, and authored textbooks for visual artists: Wiadomości o stylach (About Styles); O widzeniu przedmiotów: Zasady perspektywy (Seeing Objects: Principles of Perspective); Anatomia plastyczna (Plastic Anatomy).[28][30][31]

Selected publications

  • Translations of Plato's dialogues
  • Psychologia do użytku słuchaczów wyższych szkół naukowych, vol. 1–2 (1925–1927)
  • Wiadomości o stylach (1934)
  • Wiara oświeconych, 1959 (fr.: La foi des éclairés, 1939)
  • Przechadzki ateńskie (a series of radio programs, 1939, issued in 1947)
  • Translations of the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Mark with psychological analysis:[32] Dobra Nowina według Mateusza i Marka (The Good News according to Matthew and Mark); written in 1942, issued in 1958

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Nowicki (1982), p. 117.
  2. ^ Nowicki (1982), p. 120.
  3. ^ Chodakiewicz, Radzilowski & Tolczyk (2009), p. 174.
  4. ^ Nowicki (1982), p. 61.
  5. ^ Citlak (2015), p. 156.
  6. ^ Rzepa (1991), pp. 68–81.
  7. ^ a b Citlak (2015), pp. 155–184.
  8. ^ Rzepa (1992), pp. 215–216.
  9. ^ Nowicki (1982), pp. 73–74.
  10. ^ Nowicki (1982), pp. 79–90.
  11. ^ Nowicki (1982), p. 91.
  12. ^ Nowicki (1982), p. 7.
  13. ^ Rzepa (1991), pp. 16–17.
  14. ^ Rzepa (1991), p. 233.
  15. ^ Rzepa (1991), p. 234.
  16. ^ Rzepa (1991), pp. 233–234.
  17. ^ a b Płotka (2020), pp. 141–167.
  18. ^ Nowicki (1982), p. 17–18.
  19. ^ Nowicki (1982), p. 18.
  20. ^ Nowicki (1982), p. 19–22.
  21. ^ Nowicki (1982), pp. 119–120.
  22. ^ Rzepa (1991), pp. 235–236.
  23. ^ Rzepa (1991), p. 120.
  24. ^ Witwicki (1958).
  25. ^ Szmyd (1996), p. 197.
  26. ^ Jarzyńska, Karina (2008-04-10). "Jezus jako egocentryczny schizotymik" [Jesus as an egocentric schizotymic]. Racjonalista (in Polish). Fundacja Wolnej Myśli. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  27. ^ Szmyd (1996), p. 177.
  28. ^ a b Rzepa (1991), p. 204.
  29. ^ Michał Witwicki. "Janusz Witwicki 1903-1946. Panorama plastyczna dawnego Lwowa". Mój Lwów (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  30. ^ Rzepa (1992), p. 215.
  31. ^ Nowicki (1982), pp. 27–56.
  32. ^ Szmyd (1996), p. 196.

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