Urbanus (butterfly)

Urbanus
Long-tailed skipper (Urbanus proteus)
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Hesperiidae
Subfamily: Eudaminae
Genus:
Hübner, [1807]
Synonyms
  • Goniurus Hübner, [1819]
  • Eudamus Swainson, 1831
  • Lyroptera Plötz, 1881

Urbanus is a genus of skipper butterflies erected by Jacob Hübner in 1807, placed to subtribe Eudamina.[1] Species of the genus are found from the southern United States to South America.[2]

Taxonomy

The genus has been subject to several revisions, one of which led to the type genus of subfamily Eudaminae, genus Eudamus, becoming a junior synonym of Urbanus. As a result of genome analysis of the Eudaminae, several species formerly considered part of Urbanus have been transferred to other genera, including to Cecropterus[1] and Spicauda.[1] Subsequently, Urbanus alva has been proposed as being distinct with the statement "Urbanus alva Evans, 1952 is a valid species and not a synonym of Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935), new status." (See Zhang et al. 2019) [3]

Species

Except where separately referenced, this species list follows the classification of Li et al. 2019,[1] with distribution data sourced from Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms.[2]

Subgenus Urbanoides

  • Urbanus elmina Evans, 1952 – Ecuador
  • Urbanus esma Evans, 1952 – Brazil
  • Urbanus esmeraldus (A. Butler, 1877) – Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Honduras to Brazil, Colombia
  • Urbanus esta Evans, 1952 – Mexican coasts to Ecuador and Brazil[4]
  • Urbanus evona Evans, 1952 – Mexico, Guatemala
  • Urbanus prodicus E. Bell, 1956 – Mexico
  • Urbanus viridis H. Freeman, 1970 – Mexico

Subgenus Urbanus

  • Urbanus alva Evans, 1952 – Mexico
  • Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935) – Mexico [?] to Bolivia, Argentina
  • Urbanus bernikerni Burns, 2014
  • Urbanus dubius Steinhauser, 1981 – Colombia
  • Urbanus ehakernae Burns, 2014
  • Urbanus huancavillcas (R. Williams, 1926) – Ecuador
  • Urbanus longicaudus Austin, 1998 – Brazil
  • Urbanus magnus Steinhauser, 1981 – Ecuador
  • Urbanus megalurus (Mabille, 1877)
  • Urbanus oplerorum
  • Urbanus parvus Austin, 1998 – Brazil
  • Urbanus pronta Evans, 1952 – Mexico, Honduras, to Ecuador
  • Urbanus pronus Evans, 1952 – Central America, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay; Mexico[5]
  • Urbanus proteus (Linnaeus, 1758) – southern US, Mexico, Central & South America
    • Urbanus proteus proteus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Mexico
    • Urbanus proteus domingo (Scudder, 1872) – Saba to Grenada, Haiti
  • Urbanus rickardi
  • Urbanus segnestami Burns, 2014
  • Urbanus tucuti (R. Williams, 1927)
  • Urbanus velinus (Plötz, 1881) – Brazil, Guyana
  • Urbanus villus Austin, 1998 – Brazil
  • Urbanus viterboana (Ehrmann, 1907) – Mexico to Colombia, Ecuador.

Former species

Transferred to Cecropterus:

  • Urbanus dorantes (Stoll, 1790)
  • Urbanus obscurus (Hewitson, 1867)
  • Urbanus evenus (Ménétriés, 1855)
  • Urbanus virescens (Mabille, 1877)
  • Urbanus trebia (Möschler, 1879)
  • Urbanus carmelita (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
  • Urbanus reductus (N. Riley, 1919)
  • Urbanus doryssus (Swainson, 1831)
  • Urbanus albimargo (Mabille, 1875)

Transferred to Spicauda:

  • Urbanus teleus (Hübner, 1821)
  • Urbanus tanna Evans, 1952
  • Urbanus ambiguus de Jong, 1983
  • Urbanus cindra Evans, 1952
  • Urbanus zagorus (Plötz, 1881)
  • Urbanus simplicius (Stoll, 1790)
  • Urbanus procne (Plötz, 1881)

Transferred to Telegonus

  • Urbanus chalco (Hübner, 1823)

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Urbanus.
Wikispecies has information related to Urbanus.
  1. ^ a b c d Li, Wenlin; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Zhang, Jing; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel H.; Grishin, Nick V. (26 March 2019). "Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (13). Supporting Information: Appendix pp.10–24. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.6232L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821304116. PMC 6442542. PMID 30877254.
  2. ^ a b Savela, Markku (March 27, 2019). "Urbanus Hübner, [1807]". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  3. ^ Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Opler, Paul A.; Grishin, Nick V. (Nov 2019). "Changes to North American butterfly names". Taxon Rep Int Lepid Surv. 8 (2): 1–12. PMC 8570546. PMID 34746798.
  4. ^ "Urbanus esta thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  5. ^ "Urbanus pronus thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
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