Trams in Zagreb
Zagreb tramway network | |||
---|---|---|---|
Zagreb trams | |||
Overview | |||
Locale | Zagreb, Croatia | ||
Transit type | Tramway | ||
Number of lines | 19 (15 daytime, 4 nighttime)[1] | ||
Number of stations | 256[1] | ||
Daily ridership | 333,773 | ||
Annual ridership | 121,827,000 (2024) | ||
Operation | |||
Began operation | 1891 (horsecar)[2] 1910 (electric tram)[2] | ||
Operator(s) | Zagreb Electric Tram | ||
Technical | |||
System length | System length: 54.2 km (33.7 mi) Track length: 116.3 km (72.3 mi)[1] Line length: 142 km (88 mi) or 148 km (92 mi)[3] | ||
Track gauge | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge | ||
Electrification | 600 V DC | ||
|
The Zagreb tram network, run by the Zagreb Electric Tram (ZET), consists of 15 day and 4 night lines in Zagreb, Croatia.[1] Trams operate on 116.3 kilometres (72.3 mi)[1] of metre gauge route. During the day every line runs on average every 5–10 minutes, but almost every station serves at least two routes. Nighttime lines have exact timetables averaging at about every 40 minutes. The first horsecar tram line was opened in 1891,[2] and the first electric one in 1910.[2]
History
At the end of the 19th century rapid urbanisation took place in Zagreb. City fathers started discussing the idea of installing horsecar system in Zagreb. The construction of one gauge tram track began on 11 May 1891. Trams should have been put in service on 15 August 1891, on the opening day of the Jubilee Economic-Forestry Exhibition. Due to vehicle delivery delay, however, the tram was instead put in service on 5 September 1891. That day was officially taken as the beginning of organised public transit system in Zagreb. The gauge was 0.76 m and track length was approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi).
The first electric tram track was opened on 18 August 1910. The horse-drawn trams were kept until a tram electric network was finished, and then they were moved to Velika Gorica where they remained in use until 1937.
The oldest rolling units of the post-World War II tram system were the two-axle TMK 101 trams. Three prototype units were built by ZET workshops in early 1950s, and other 68 units until 1965 by Đuro Đaković factory, with 110 matching trailers. A few of them were replaced by GT6, but they were in regular use until the TMK 2200 series came. They started to be replaced in the 2000s (decade), as the TMK 2200 started going into operation, and by mid-2007, only about 15 units of type 101 were still operational, serving only as a substitute for other vehicles. They were eventually pulled out of service in late 2008.
Current operations
In 2024, ZET trams transported 121,83 million people, almost 333,773 every day.[4] The majority of stations serve multiple tram lines. Trams are more frequent on work days, especially during rush hour, and the least frequent on Sunday. Daytime lines come every 5-15 minutes on average.[5]
Daytime lines
Line | From | Via | To | Depot | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Zapadni kolodvor (West railway station) |
Ban Jelačić Square | Borongaj | Trešnjevka | Does not operate on weekends and public holidays |
2 | Črnomerec | Jukić Street (Jukićeva ulica), Central railway station, Bus station | Savišće | Trešnjevka | |
3 | Ljubljanica | Vukovar Street (Ulica grada Vukovara) |
Savišće | Trešnjevka | Does not operate on weekends and public holidays |
4 | Savski most (Sava bridge) |
Central railway station, Maksimir Park | Dubec | Dubrava | |
5 | Prečko | Vukovar Street (Ulica grada Vukovara), Bus station | Maksimir Park | Trešnjevka | |
6 | Črnomerec | Ban Jelačić Square, Central railway station, Bus station | Sopot | Dubrava | |
7 | Savski most (Sava Bridge) |
Zagreb Fair (Velesajam), Bus station | Dubrava | Dubrava | |
8 | Zapruđe | Bus station | Mihaljevac | Dubrava | Does not operate on weekends and public holidays |
9 | Ljubljanica | Central railway station | Borongaj | Trešnjevka | |
11 | Črnomerec | Ban Jelačić Square, Maksimir Park | Dubec | Trešnjevka / Dubrava | |
12 | Ljubljanica | Ban Jelačić Square | Dubrava | Trešnjevka | |
13 | Žitnjak | Vukovar Street (Ulica grada Vukovara), Ban Jelačić Square, Central railway station | Kvaternikov trg (Eugen Kvaternik Square) | Dubrava | |
14 | Mihaljevac | Ban Jelačić Square, Savska Road (Savska cesta), Zagreb Fair (Velesajam) | Zapruđe | Dubrava | |
15 | Mihaljevac | Gračani | Gračansko Dolje | Dubrava | |
17 | Prečko | Savska Road (Savska cesta), Ban Jelačić Square | Borongaj | Trešnjevka |
Lines 10 and 16 no longer exist. Line 10 used to connect Savski most and Borongaj via the Central railway station. It was discontinued in the early 1980s, when a reorganisation of lines reintroduced line 1 and consequently made it impossible to have a line number 10; due to shift numbering, the lines 1 and 10 would end up overlapping. Line 16 used to connect Črnomerec and Zapruđe, but it was discontinued in 1991, due to a shortage of drivers when the Croatian war of independence started.
Line 15 is a specific exception: the line is closer to a light rail line than an actual tram line. It runs for approx. 3 km from Mihaljevac to Dolje. The line runs on a completely segregated right of way. A special type of catenary was developed for the line, which allows trams to reach speeds of 60 km/h. Thus, the line from Mihaljevac to Dolje is the fastest and the shortest line in the entire tram network. It was opened in the 1960s.
Night-time lines
Line | From | Via | To | Depot | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
31 | Črnomerec | Ban Jelačić Square, Central railway station, Bus station, Zagreb Fair (Velesajam) | Savski most (Sava Bridge) |
Dubrava | |
32 | Prečko | Savska Road (Savska cesta), Ban Jelačić Square | Borongaj | Trešnjevka | Route is equivalent to daytime line 17 |
33 | Gračansko Dolje | Central railway station, Valentin Vodnik Street (Vodnikova ulica), Vukovar City Street (Ulica grada Vukovara) | Savišće | Dubrava | |
34 | Ljubljanica | Ban Jelačić square, Central railway station, Maksimir Road (Maksimirska cesta) | Dubec | Trešnjevka |
Night-time lines are often substituted with buses due to track maintenance and repairs.
Stops
Rolling stock
ZET rolling stock is very diverse. It currently includes around 259 motor units of 8 different tram types, of which 154 are low-floor trams.[6] Most of the stock today consists of TMK 2200 trams, a total of 140 units acquired from 2005 to 2010. The next most common tram type is made by ČKD, comprising a total of 95 T4YU units with 85 matching B4YU trailers, and 51 articulated KT4YU units.[7][8] T4YU vehicles entered service between 1976 and 1983, and KT4YU followed in 1985.[8]
TMK 201 trams were in operation until 2025, when they were retired.[9] Built from 1973 to 1975 by Đuro Đaković, ZET used to have a total of 30 trams with 32 trailers, but half were scrapped and their bases were reused in the production of TMK 2100 trams.[10][11] TMK 201s are similarly designed, but technically significantly different from the older TMK 101 trams, retired in 2008.[12] In 1994, Končar built the TMK 2101 tram, a prototype of the TMK 2100, which was later produced from 1997 to 2003.[13] A total of 16 units were built, including the prototype.[8] From 1994 to 1998, ZET bought and received 35 used Duewag GT6 trams (5 of them are GT6 "type Mannheim") from Mannheim, Germany. They were brought as a temporary solution, as the lack of funds prevented the buying of new vehicles. All of the GT6 trams have since been replaced by the new TMK 2200 trams and scrapped.[13][14]
In 2003, ZET ordered 70 new low-floor TMK 2200 trams from Crotram, a consortium led by Končar.[15] In May 2005, the first prototype was delivered.[16] It features air-conditioning, cameras outside (instead of rear view mirrors) and inside, and a maximum speed of 70 km/h.[17][18] Although Crotram designates these trams as TMK 2200 (tramvajska motorna kola), ZET designates them as NT 2200 (niskopodni tramvaj).[19] The last tram of the original order was delivered on 28 May 2007, and on 7 June, Zagreb organised a tram parade where all 70 TMK 2200 trams drove through the streets of Zagreb, to celebrate a new generation of low-floor trams.[20][21] In July 2007, a contract for an additional 70 TMK 2200 vehicles was signed, which would have a redesigned seat layout allowing wider passages and additional handrails on the ceiling.[15][22][23] The 140th unit entered service on 30 June 2010, featuring a redesigned seat layout allowing wider passages, and additional handrails on the ceiling.[24] In 2009 and 2010, ZET received 2 TMK 2300 (TMK 2200K) trams, shorter versions of TMK 2200s. They operate on less busy and nighttime lines.[25]
In spring of 2023, the city initiated an international public tender for the purchase of 11 second-hand trams worth €2.7 million, to which Stadtwerke Augsburg responded by offering 11 Adtranz GT6M trams.[26] ZET received the first unit on 1 December, and after testing, the tram went into service on 27 December.[27][28] In September 2024, ZET signed a contract with Končar to buy a total of 40 new TMK 2400 trams, an upgraded version of the TMK 2200 model, worth around €80 million.[29] The first unit entered service on 10 March 2025.[30]
ZET also keeps two museum units of M-24 trams (built by ZET workshops), one with a "Košak" trailer (also built by ZET), and the other with "Pagoda" trailer, which was formerly 1910 motor car made by Ganz Budapest.
Trams
Picture | Name | Manufacturer | In operation | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T-50 | Ganz-MÁVAG | 1910 – 1930s |
Converted into trailers[31][8] | ||
T-70 | Ganz-MÁVAG | 1911 – 1930s |
Converted into freight trams and M-24 trams[31][8] | ||
M-22 | ZET | 1922 – 1950s |
Wooden frame[8] | ||
M-24 | ZET | 1924 – 1977 |
[32] | ||
TMK 100 | ZET, Đuro Đaković | 1951 – 2008 |
Prototype[31][12] | ||
TMK 101 | ZET, Đuro Đaković | 1956 – 2008 |
[12][33] | ||
TMK 200 | Đuro Đaković | 1966 – 1992 |
[34] | ||
TMK 201 | Đuro Đaković | 1974 – 2025 |
[35] | ||
Tatra T4YU | ČKD | since 1976 | [36] | ||
Tatra KT4YU | ČKD | since 1985 | [37] | ||
TMK 900 | Đuro Đaković | 1993 – 2007 |
Prototype[38] | ||
TMK 2101 | Končar, TŽV Gredelj | since 1994 | Prototype[33] | ||
GT6 | Duewag | 1994 – 2009 |
Bought used[39][14] | ||
GT6 Mannheim | Duewag | 1996 – 2009 |
Bought used[33][40] | ||
TMK 2100 | Končar, TŽV Gredelj | since 1997 | [33] | ||
TMK 2200 | Crotram | since 2005 | [41] | ||
TMK 2300 | Crotram | since 2009 | Shorter version of the TMK 2200[42][43] | ||
GT6M | Adtranz | since 2024 | Bought used[44] | ||
TMK 2400 | Končar | since 2025 | [45] |
Trailers
Picture | Name | Manufacturer | In operation | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TP 591 | Đuro Đaković | 1951 – 2008 |
Made for TMK 100 and TMK 101 trams[8] | ||
TP 701 | Đuro Đaković | 1974 – 2025 |
Made for TMK 200 and TMK 201 trams[8] | ||
Tatra B4YU | ČKD | since 1976 | Made for Tatra T4YU trams[46] |
Gallery
-
ĐĐ TMK 201, 30 units built 1973-1974. by Đuro Đaković
-
ČKD Tatra T4YU, Type 401, 95 units built 1976-1982.
-
ČKD Tatra KT4YU, Type 301, 51 units built 1985-1986.
-
-
-
-
Adtranz GT6M, 6 units bought from Augsburg 2023. - 2025., further 5 on order
-
TMK 2400, 5 units delivered in 2025., with further 35 on order.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e "Tram service". Zagrebački električni tramvaj. 2012. Archived from the original on 2014-09-23. Retrieved 2014-06-24.
- ^ a b c d "Tram in Zagreb". Zagrebački električni tramvaj. 2012. Archived from the original on 2014-07-24. Retrieved 2013-09-12.
- ^ "Zagreb 2013".
- ^ "PRIJEVOZ SIJEČANJ – PROSINAC 2024" (PDF). zagreb.hr. 2025-03-14. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "ZET vozni red". Prometna Zona (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "Vozni park". zet.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "Jutarnji list - Nestašni Čeh crni je rekorder ZET-a: 'Svakih 11 dana ide na popravak, evo koliko se puta pokvario...'". www.jutarnji.hr (in Croatian). 2022-10-08. Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "ZET Zagrebački električni tramvaj". Prometna Zona (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ Journal (2025-06-13). "Legendarni zagrebački tramvaj ovog vikenda ima posljednju vožnju. Evo gdje ga stignete 'uhvatiti'". Journal.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "Nakon 50 godina ZET-ovi 'Bikovi' povlače se s tračnica". tportal.hr. Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "VIDEO Vozili smo se ZET-ovim Bikom koji ide u penziju: "Ljudi ga stalno slikaju"". www.index.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ a b c "Povijest kultnog zagrebačkog tramvaja: Tko se sjeća konduktera u zadnjim kolima, vožnje na pulferu..." miss7.24sata.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ a b "Zagreb purchases Augsburg's GT6M low-floor trams". Urban Transport Magazine. 2023-08-08. Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ a b Špiljak, Lucija (2017-10-11). "(FOTO) Zagrepčani, sjećate li se ovog tramvaja? ' Imao sam prilike voziti se njime u Osijeku i podsjetiti se na zagrebačke dane'". Zagreb.info (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ a b "Zagreb dobiva još 70 niskopodnih tramvaja". vlada.gov.hr. Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "Predsjednik Vlade nazočio isporuci prvog niskopodnog tramvaja Gradu Zagrebu". vlada.gov.hr. Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "Dvozglobni niskopodni tramvaj tip TMK 2200" (PDF). tzv-gredelj.hr. 2025-07-06. Retrieved 2025-07-06.
- ^ "Velika plava limuzina - Crotram TMK 2200". (ne)OBJEKTIVNO O AUTIMA. Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "Detaljnije..." zet.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "Gredelj ZET-u isporučio zadnji tramvaj prve serije". Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "140-ti niskopodni tramvaj isporučen Zagrebu | ZGportal Zagreb". www.zgportal.com. Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "Danas ugovor za još 70 tramvaja u Zagrebu". Poslovni dnevnik (in Croatian). 2007-07-18. Archived from the original on 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
- ^ "Predstavljen 71. niskopodni tramvaj". ZET (in Croatian). 2007-12-27. Archived from the original on 2007-12-31. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
- ^ "U prometu i 140. niskopodac, zadnji iz druge serije / u pet godina još 60 tramvaja". www.zagreb.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "Prvi kratki". www.zagreb.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "Zagreb purchases Augsburg's GT6M low-floor trams". Urban Transport Magazine. 8 August 2023.
- ^ "U Zagreb stigao prvi rabljeni tramvaj iz Njemačke. Pogledajte kako izgleda". www.index.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ Šimičić, Hana Ivković (2023-12-27). "Krenuo zagrebačkim ulicama: Pogledajte kako izgleda prva vožnja polovnim tramvajem iz Njemačke". Zagreb.info (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ "Potpisan Ugovor o nabavi dodatnih 20 niskopodnih tramvaja za ZET d.o.o." ZET. 3 September 2024.
- ^ "Nakon 15 godina prvi novi ZET-ov tramvaj kreće u promet". www.index.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-07.
- ^ a b c "zeljeznice.net :: Pogledaj temu - ZAGREB tramvaj". zeljeznice.net. Archived from the original on 2007-12-07. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "Povijesni primjerak tramvaja M-24 kakvog rijetko imamo prilike vidjeti na ulicama | Lice Grada" (in Croatian). 2021-01-08. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ a b c d "Umirovljene i aktualne oznake tramvaja koji svakodnevno prometuju zagrebačkim ulicama | Lice Grada" (in Croatian). 2021-04-04. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "Zagreb, car # 200". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ Journal (2025-06-13). "Legendarni zagrebački tramvaj ovog vikenda ima posljednju vožnju. Evo gdje ga stignete 'uhvatiti'". Journal.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "Tatra-Straßenbahnen vom Typ T4/B4 | www.strassenbahnen-online.de". www.strassenbahnen-online.de. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "Straßenbahnen der Bauart Tatra". www.tatrawagen.de. Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "Zagreb, car # 900". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "Zagreb purchases Augsburg's GT6M low-floor trams". Urban Transport Magazine. 2023-08-08. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "Gelenktriebwagen Mannheim/Ludwigshafen". 534414738.swh.strato-hosting.eu (in German). Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "PREDSTAVLJEN TMK 2200 - TRAMVAJ ZA GRAD ZAGREB". hina.hr. 2004-02-04. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
- ^ "Dvozglobni niskopodni tramvaj TMK 2300". TŽV Gredelj. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "Prvi kratki". www.zagreb.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ vanja (2025-02-28). "Tramvajska vozila na trešnjevačkim ulicama, ovih dana i godina". Mapiranje Trešnjevke. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "Jutarnji list - Zagrebom vozi prvi potpuno novi tramvaj". www.jutarnji.hr (in Croatian). 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
- ^ "Tatra B4YU". transphoto.org. Retrieved 2025-07-04.
External links
- Media related to Trams in Zagreb at Wikimedia Commons
- ZET – official webpage Archived 2014-07-01 at the Wayback Machine (in English)
- Track plan of the Zagreb tram system