Titanium mining in Africa has been beset by environmental problems due to the polluting nature of processing rutile, a principal titanium ore. The extraction and refinement of rutile often lead to the release of heavy metals and other contaminants, impacting soil, water, and air quality. Titanium production in Africa is concentrated in the following principal countries and companies.
|
---|
Sovereign states |
- Algeria
- Angola
- Benin
- Botswana
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi
- Cameroon
- Cape Verde
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- Comoros
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Republic of the Congo
- Djibouti
- Egypt
- Equatorial Guinea
- Eritrea
- Eswatini
- Ethiopia
- Gabon
- The Gambia
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Ivory Coast
- Kenya
- Lesotho
- Liberia
- Libya
- Madagascar
- Malawi
- Mali
- Mauritania
- Mauritius
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Namibia
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Rwanda
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Senegal
- Seychelles
- Sierra Leone
- Somalia
- South Africa
- South Sudan
- Sudan
- Tanzania
- Togo
- Tunisia
- Uganda
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
|
---|
States with limited recognition |
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Somaliland
|
---|
Dependencies and other territories |
- Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
- Madeira (Portugal)
- Mayotte / Réunion (France)
- Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
|
---|
|
---|
Geological formations |
---|
Palaeoarchaean | |
---|
Paleozoic |
- Carboniferous
- Devonian
- Permian
- Ordovician
|
---|
Mesozoic | |
---|
Cenozoic | |
---|
|
|
|
|
Paleontology |
---|
Ordovician | |
---|
Devonian | |
---|
Carboniferous | |
---|
Permian | |
---|
Beaufort Group |
|
---|
Triassic |
|
---|
Jurassic | |
---|
Cretaceous | |
---|
Paleogene | |
---|
Neogene | |
---|
Pleistocene | |
---|
Other | |
---|
|
|
Research and administration |
---|
Geologists | |
---|
Paleontologists | |
---|
|
|
|
|
|