Timeline of science fiction

This is a timeline of science fiction. While the date of the start of science fiction is debated, this list includes events included in timelines published by expert sources.[a]

16th century

Year Event Ref.
1516 Utopia by Thomas More is published. [C]: xx [F]: XXII 

17th century

Year Event Ref.
1627 New Atlantis by Francis Bacon is published. [C]: xx [F]: XXII 
1634 Somnium by Johannes Kepler is published. [C]: xx [F]: XXII 
1638 The Man in the Moone by Francis Godwin is published. [C]: xx [F]: XXII 
1686 Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds by Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle is published. [C]: xx [F]: XXII 

18th century

Year Event Ref.
1726 Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift is published. [D]: xiii [E]: xix 
1741 Niels Klim's Underground Travels by Ludvig Holberg is published. [C]: xx [F]: XXII 
1752 Micromégas by Voltaire is published. [C]: xx [D]: xiii [F]: XXII 
1771 The Year 2440 by Louis-Sébastien Mercier is published. [C]: xx [D]: xiii [E]: xix [F]: XXII 

19th century

Year Event Ref.
1805 The Last Man by Jean-Baptiste Cousin de Grainville is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 36 [C]: xx [F]: XXII 
1818 Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 36 [C]: xx [D]: xiv [E]: xix [F]: XXII [G]: xv 
early 1820s Charles Babbage invents the difference engine, a calculating machine and forerunner to the computer. [B]: 36 [D]: xiv [2]
1826 The Last Man by Mary Shelley is published. [B]: 36 [C]: xx [D]: xiv [E]: xix [F]: XXII 
1827 The Mummy! A Tale of the Twenty-Second Century by Jane Loudon is published. [A]: 11 [C]: xx [F]: XXII 
1838 The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket by Edgar Allan Poe is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 36 [F]: XXII 
1844 "Rappaccini's Daughter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne is published. [A]: 11 [F]: XXII 
1848 Eureka: A Prose Poem by Edgar Allan Poe is published. [C]: xx [D]: xiv 
1858 "The Diamond Lens" by Fitz-James O'Brien is published. [A]: 11 [D]: xv 
1864 Journey to the Center of the Earth by Jules Verne is published. [A]: 11 [D]: xv [E]: xix [F]: XXII 
1865 From the Earth to the Moon by Jules Verne is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 37 [C]: xx [F]: XXII 
1868 The Steam Man of the Prairies by Edward S. Ellis, the first SF dime novel, is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 37 [D]: xv [F]: XXII 
1869 "The Brick Moon" by Edward Everett Hale is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 37 
1869–1870 Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas by Jules Verne is published in serial form. [A]: 11 [C]: xx [E]: xix [F]: XXII 
1871 The Battle of Dorking by George Tomkyns Chesney is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 37 [C]: xx 
The Coming Race by Edward Bulwer-Lytton is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 37 [C]: xx [F]: XXII 
1872 Erewhon by Samuel Butler is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 37 
Récits de l'infini by Camille Flammarion, a work of fiction expanding upon the concepts of extraterrestrial life previously covered in his 1864 non-fiction book Real and Imaginary Worlds, is published; these works are later compiled and published as Lumen in 1887. [C]: xx [D]: xv [E]: xix–xx [F]: XXII [3]
1874–1875 The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne is published in serial form. [A]: 11 [E]: xix 
1876 onwards The Frank Reade dime novel series by Harry Enton, and later Luis Senarens, is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 37 [F]: XXII 
1884 Flatland by Edwin Abbott Abbott is published. [A]: 11 [D]: xvi [E]: xix 
1885 After London by Richard Jefferies is published. [D]: xvi [E]: xix 
1886 Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 37 [D]: xvi [E]: xix 
1887 A Crystal Age by W. H. Hudson is published. [A]: 11 [C]: xx [D]: xvi [F]: XXII 
1888 Looking Backward, 2000–1887 by Edward Bellamy is published. [A]: 11 [B]: 37 [C]: xx [D]: xvi [E]: xx [F]: XXII 
1889 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court by Mark Twain is published. [A]: 11 [C]: xx [D]: xvi [E]: xx [F]: XXII 
1890 News from Nowhere by William Morris is published. [C]: xx [D]: xvi [E]: xx [F]: XXII 
Caesar's Column by Ignatius L. Donnelly is published. [D]: xvi [F]: XXII 
1892–1894 A Traveler from Altruria by William Dean Howells is published in serial, and later book, form. [A]: 11 [F]: XXIII 
1894 Omega: The Last Days of the World by Camille Flammarion is published. [A]: 11 [D]: xvii 
1895 The Time Machine by H. G. Wells is published. [A]: 12 [B]: 37 [C]: xx [D]: xvii [E]: xx [F]: XXIII [G]: xv 
1896 The Island of Doctor Moreau by H. G. Wells is published. [A]: 12 [C]: xx [D]: xvii [E]: xx [F]: XXIII 
1897 Auf zwei Planeten by Kurd Lasswitz is published. [A]: 12 [C]: xx [F]: XXIII 
1898 The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells is published. [A]: 12 [C]: xx [D]: xvii [E]: xx [F]: XXIII [G]: xv 
Edison's Conquest of Mars by Garrett P. Serviss is published. [A]: 12 [F]: XXIII 

1900s

Year Event Ref.
1900 The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum is published. [B]: 42 [F]: XXIII 
1901 The First Men in the Moon by H. G. Wells is published. [A]: 12 [B]: 42 [C]: xx [D]: xvii [E]: xx [F]: XXIII 
The Purple Cloud by M. P. Shiel is published. [A]: 12 [C]: xx [D]: xvii [F]: XXIII 
1902 Georges Méliès shows the film A Trip to the Moon (Le Voyage dans la Lune). [A]: 12 [B]: 42 [E]: xx [G]: xv 
1904 Hugo Gernsback emigrates from Luxembourg to the United States. [A]: 12 [B]: 42 
The Food of the Gods and How It Came to Earth by H. G. Wells is published. [A]: 12 [B]: 42 
"The Country of the Blind" by H. G. Wells is published. [A]: 12 [B]: 42 
1905 "With the Night Mail" by Rudyard Kipling is published. [A]: 12 [C]: xxi [F]: XXIII 
A Modern Utopia by H. G. Wells is published. [A]: 12 [D]: xvii [E]: xx 
Albert Einstein formulates the special theory of relativity. [B]: 43 [D]: xvii 
1907 The Iron Heel by Jack London is published. [A]: 12 [B]: 43 [C]: xxi [F]: XXIII 
1908 The War in the Air by H. G. Wells is published. [A]: 12 [B]: 43 
Hugo Gernsback launches his first magazine: Modern Electrics. [A]: 12 [E]: xx 
1909 The Machine Stops by E. M. Forster is published. [A]: 12 [C]: xxi [D]: xvii [E]: xx [F]: XXIII 
A Columbus of Space by Garrett P. Serviss is published. [A]: 12 [B]: 43 
Henry Ford launches the Ford Model T. [B]: 43 [D]: xvii 

1910s

Year Event Ref.
1910 Thomas Edison's film company produces Frankenstein. [A]: 12 [B]: 46 [E]: xx [G]: xv 
1911 Ralph 124C 41+ by Hugo Gernsback is published in serial form in Modern Electrics; it is published in book form in 1925. [A]: 12 [B]: 46, 51 [C]: xxi [D]: xviii [E]: xxi [F]: XXIII 
The Hampdenshire Wonder by J. D. Beresford is published. [A]: 12 [B]: 46 [C]: xxi [D]: xviii [F]: XXIII 
1912 The Second Deluge by Garrett P. Serviss is published. [A]: 12 [C]: xxi [F]: XXIII 
Under the Moons of Mars by Edgar Rice Burroughs is published. [A]: 12 [B]: 46 [C]: xxi [D]: xviii [F]: XXIII 
The Lost World by Arthur Conan Doyle, which gives the name to the lost world subgenre of science fiction, is published. [A]: 12 [B]: 46 [D]: xviii [F]: XXIII 
1912–1914 Darkness and Dawn by George Allan England is published in three separate serializations across 1912 and 1913, and in book form in 1914. [A]: 12 [C]: xxi [D]: xviii [F]: XXIII [4]
1913 Hugo Gernsback launches The Electrical Experimenter. [B]: 46 [E]: xxi 
1914 The World Set Free by H. G. Wells is published. [A]: 13 [B]: 46 
World War I begins. [B]: 46 [D]: xviii 
1915 The Scarlet Plague by Jack London is published. [A]: 13 [C]: xxi 
1917 The Messiah of the Cylinder by Victor Rousseau Emanuel is published. [A]: 13 [B]: 47 
Vladimir Lenin leads the Russian October Revolution. [B]: 47 [D]: xviii 
1918 The Moon Pool by A. Merritt is published. [A]: 13 [C]: xxi [D]: xviii [F]: XXIII 
World War I ends. [B]: 47 [D]: xviii 

1920s

Year Event Ref.
1920 The play R.U.R. by Karel Čapek is published, introducing the word "robot". It is first performed in 1921. [A]: 13 [B]: 50 [C]: xxi [D]: xviii [E]: xxi [F]: XXIII 
A Voyage to Arcturus by David Lindsay is published. [A]: 13 [C]: xxi [F]: XXIII 
1921 "The Blind Spot" by Homer Eon Flint and Austin Hall is published. [A]: 13 [B]: 50 
1923 The Clockwork Man by E. V. Odle is published. [B]: 50 [C]: xxi [F]: XXIII 
Men Like Gods by H. G. Wells is published. [A]: 13 [B]: 50 [D]: xviii 
Weird Tales is launched. [A]: 13 [D]: xviii [F]: XXIII 
Hugo Gernsback dedicates the August issue of Science and Invention to "scientifiction". [A]: 13 [B]: 50 [D]: xviii–xix [E]: xxi 
1924 We by Yevgeny Zamyatin is published. [C]: xxi [D]: xix [E]: xxi [F]: XXIII 
The film Aelita, based on the 1922 novel Aelita by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, is released. [B]: 50 [E]: xxi [G]: xv 
Krakatit by Karel Čapek is published. [A]: 13 [B]: 50 
1925 The film The Lost World, based on the 1912 novel by Arthur Conan Doyle, is released. [A]: 13 [G]: xv 
1926 Hugo Gernsback launches Amazing Stories, the first specialized science fiction magazine. [A]: 14 [B]: 51 [C]: xxi [D]: xix [E]: xxi [F]: XXIII 
1927 Fritz Lang releases the film Metropolis. [A]: 14 [B]: 51 [C]: xxi [E]: xxi [F]: XXIII [G]: xv 
1928 The Skylark of Space by E. E. Smith is published, launching the Skylark series. [A]: 15 [C]: xxi [D]: xix [E]: xxi [F]: XXIII 
The film Alraune, the third adaptation of the 1911 novel by Hanns Heinz Ewers, is released. [B]: 51 [G]: xv 
1929 Buck Rogers in the 25th Century begins publication as a comic strip. [B]: 51 [D]: xix [E]: xxi 
Fritz Lang releases the film Woman in the Moon. [A]: 15 [B]: 51 [G]: xvi 
Hugo Gernsback loses control of Amazing Stories alongside his other magazines as Experimenter Publishing goes bankrupt. He then launches the Wonder Stories family of magazines consisting of Science Wonder Stories, Air Wonder Stories, and Science Wonder Quarterly. [A]: 15 [D]: xix [E]: xxi 
Edwin Hubble discovers that the universe is expanding. [D]: xix [E]: xxi–xxii 
The United States stock market crashes, marking the beginning of the Great Depression. [A]: 15 [D]: xix [E]: xxii 

1930s

Year Event Ref.
1930 Last and First Men by Olaf Stapledon is published. [A]: 16 [B]: 56 [C]: xxi [D]: xix [E]: xxii [F]: XXIV 
The Iron Star by John Taine is published. [C]: xxi [D]: xix [F]: XXIV 
Astounding Stories of Super-Science begins publication. [A]: 16 [B]: 56 [C]: xxi [D]: xix [E]: xxii [F]: XXIV 
The film Just Imagine is released. [B]: 56 [E]: xxii [G]: xvi 
The Comet, the first science-fiction fanzine, is launched. [A]: 16 [D]: xix [F]: XXIV 
1931 Abel Gance's film End of the World is released. [A]: 16 [F]: XXIV [G]: xvi 
James Whale releases the film Frankenstein. [A]: 17 [B]: 56 [F]: XXIV [G]: xvi 
Astounding Stories of Super-Science changes its title to Astounding Stories. [A]: 17 [B]: 56 [E]: xxii 
Islands of Space by John W. Campbell is published, introducing the concept of hyperspace. [D]: xix [E]: xxii 
1932 Brave New World by Aldous Huxley is published. [A]: 17 [B]: 56 [C]: xxi [D]: xix [E]: xxii [F]: XXIV 
"The Last Evolution" by John W. Campbell is published. [D]: xix [E]: xxii 
1933 "Shambleau" by C. L. Moore is published. [A]: 18 [D]: xx [E]: xxii 
1934 "Twilight" by John W. Campbell is published. [A]: 19 [D]: xx [F]: XXIV 
"Sidewise in Time" by Murray Leinster is published. [A]: 18 [C]: xxi [D]: xx [E]: xxii [F]: XXIV 
"A Martian Odyssey" by Stanley G. Weinbaum is published. [A]: 19 [C]: xxi [D]: xx [E]: xxii [F]: XXIV 
"Triplanetary" by E. E. Smith is published, launching the Lensman series. [A]: 18 [B]: 56 [F]: XXIV 
The Legion of Space by Jack Williamson is published, launching the Legion of Space series. [A]: 18 [B]: 56 [E]: xxii 
The Flash Gordon comic strip begins publication. [B]: 56 [E]: xxii [F]: XXIV 
1935 It Can't Happen Here by Sinclair Lewis is published. [E]: xxii [F]: XXIV 
1936 Things to Come, directed by William Cameron Menzies, is released. [A]: 20 [C]: xxi [E]: xxii [F]: XXIV [G]: xvi 
War with the Newts by Karel Čapek is published. [A]: 24 [B]: 57 [E]: xxiii 
The first Flash Gordon film serial is released. [A]: 20 [B]: 57 [E]: xxii [G]: xvii 
At the Mountains of Madness by H. P. Lovecraft is published. [A]: 20 [D]: xx [E]: xxii 
Hugo Gernsback sells Wonder Stories, which is retitled Thrilling Wonder Stories. [A]: 20 [B]: 57 [E]: xxii–xxiii 
1937 John W. Campbell becomes editor of Astounding Stories, launching the so-called Golden Age of Science Fiction. [A]: 21 [B]: 57 [D]: xx [E]: xxiii [F]: XXIV 
Star Maker by Olaf Stapledon is published. [A]: 21 [D]: xx [E]: xxiii 
1938 Who Goes There? by John W. Campbell is published. [A]: 23 [C]: xxi [F]: XXIV 
Orson Welles produces a radio adaptation of The War of the Worlds, resulting in panic when it is mistaken for a news broadcast. [A]: 23 [B]: 57 [F]: XXIV 
"Helen O'Loy" by Lester del Rey is published. [A]: 23 [C]: xxi [F]: XXIV 
Superman first appears in the first issue of Action Comics. [D]: xx [E]: xxiii [F]: XXIV 
"The Legion of Time" by Jack Williamson is published. [A]: 22 [D]: xx [E]: xxiii 
1939 "Lest Darkness Fall" by L. Sprague de Camp is published in Unknown. It is published in an expanded novel form in 1941. [A]: 25 [C]: xxi [D]: xx [E]: xxiii [F]: XXIV [5]
The first annual World Science Fiction Convention is held in conjunction with the 1939 New York World's Fair. [A]: 25 [D]: xx [E]: xxiii [F]: XXIV 
Buck Rogers appears in a 12-part film serial. [A]: 24 [E]: xxiii [G]: xvii 
World War II begins in Europe. [B]: 57 [D]: xx [E]: xxiii 

1940s

Year Event Ref.
1940 The Future History stories "If This Goes On—" and "The Roads Must Roll" by Robert A. Heinlein are published in Astounding Science Fiction. [A]: 26–27 [C]: xxi [D]: xx [E]: xxiii [F]: XXIV [6]
Slan by A. E. van Vogt is published as a serial; it is later published in book form in 1946. [A]: 27, 32 [B]: 65 [C]: xxi [D]: xx [E]: xxiii [F]: XXIV 
The film Dr. Cyclops is released. [B]: 64 [G]: xvii 
1941 "Nightfall" by Isaac Asimov is published. [A]: 28 [C]: xxi [E]: xxiii [F]: XXV 
"Universe" by Robert A. Heinlein is published. [A]: 28 [C]: xxi [F]: XXV 
"Microcosmic God" by Theodore Sturgeon is published. [A]: 28 [C]: xxi [F]: XXV 
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, causing the United States to enter World War II. [B]: 64 [D]: xx [E]: xxiii 
1942 "Foundation" by Isaac Asimov, the first story in what would become the 1951 fix-up novel Foundation and later the broader Foundation series, is published. [A]: 29 [C]: xxi [D]: xxi [E]: xxiv [F]: XXV 
Beyond This Horizon by Robert A. Heinlein is published. [B]: 64 [C]: xxi [F]: XXV 
1944 "No Woman Born" by C. L. Moore is published. [A]: 31 [C]: xxi [F]: XXV 
"City" by Clifford D. Simak, the first story in what would become the 1952 fix-up novel City, is published. [A]: 31 [B]: 64 [C]: xxii [D]: xxi [E]: xxiv [F]: XXV 
1945 "First Contact" by Murray Leinster is published. [A]: 31 [C]: xxii [E]: xxiv [F]: XXV 
The World of Null-A by A. E. van Vogt is published as a serial; it is later published in book form in 1948. [A]: 31 [B]: 65 [E]: xxiv 
The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki lead to the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. [B]: 65 [D]: xxi [E]: xxiv 
1946 The Best of Science Fiction anthology, edited by Groff Conklin, is published. [A]: 32 [C]: xxii [D]: xxi [F]: XXV 
Adventures in Time and Space, an anthology edited by Raymond J. Healy and J. Francis McComas, is published. [A]: 32 [B]: 65 [C]: xxii [D]: xxi [F]: XXV 
1947 Rocket Ship Galileo by Robert A. Heinlein, the first of his juvenile novels, is published. [C]: xxii [E]: xxiv [F]: XXV 
1948 "That Only a Mother" by Judith Merril is published. [A]: 34 [C]: xxii [F]: XXV 
Walden Two by B. F. Skinner is published. [E]: xxiv [F]: XXV 
1949 The Best Science Fiction Stories, an anthology edited by E. F. Bleiler and T. E. Dikty, is published. [A]: 35 [C]: xxii [F]: XXV 
Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell is published. [A]: 35 [B]: 65 [C]: xxii [D]: xxi [E]: xxiv [F]: XXV 
Earth Abides by George R. Stewart is published. [B]: 65 [C]: xxii [F]: XXV 
The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction begins publication. [A]: 35 [B]: 65 [C]: xxii [D]: xxi [E]: xxiv [F]: XXV 

1950s

Year Event Ref.
1950 I, Robot by Isaac Asimov, a fix-up of stories in his Robot series, is published. [C]: xxii [E]: xxv [F]: XXV 
The Martian Chronicles by Ray Bradbury is published. [A]: 36 [C]: xxii [D]: xxi [E]: xxv [F]: XXV 
Galaxy Science Fiction begins publication. [A]: 37 [B]: 68 [C]: xxii [D]: xxi [F]: XXV 
The film Destination Moon, directed by Irving Pichel, is released. [A]: 36 [B]: 68 [C]: xxii [E]: xxv [F]: XXV [G]: xvii 
A non-fiction article on dianetics by L. Ron Hubbard is published by Astounding Science Fiction. [A]: 36 [B]: 68 [E]: xxv 
1951 The Day of the Triffids by John Wyndham is published. [A]: 39 [C]: xxii [F]: XXV 
Dragon's Island by Jack Williamson is published, introducing the term "genetic engineering" into science fiction. [D]: xxii [E]: xxv 
The film The Day the Earth Stood Still is released. [A]: 38 [F]: XXV [G]: xvii 
1952 "The Lovers" by Philip José Farmer is published. [A]: 41 [C]: xxii [F]: XXV 
The Space Merchants by Frederik Pohl and Cyril M. Kornbluth is published in serial form as Gravy Planet; it is published in book form in 1953. [A]: 40 [C]: xxii [D]: xxii [E]: xxv [F]: XXVI 
Ivy Mike, the first hydrogen bomb, is tested at the Enewetak Atoll. [B]: 68 [D]: xxii [E]: xxv 
1953 The Demolished Man by Alfred Bester is published and wins the first Hugo Award for Best Novel. [D]: xxii [E]: xxv [F]: XXV 
Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury is published. [A]: 42 [C]: xxii [E]: xxv [F]: XXV 
Childhood's End by Arthur C. Clarke is published. [A]: 42 [C]: xxii [E]: xxv [F]: XXV 
Mission of Gravity by Hal Clement is published in serial form; it is published in book form in 1954. [A]: 42 [C]: xxii [D]: xxii [E]: xxvi [F]: XXV–XXVI 
Bring the Jubilee by Ward Moore is published. [A]: 42 [C]: xxii [E]: xxv [F]: XXV 
More Than Human by Theodore Sturgeon is published. [A]: 42 [C]: xxii [D]: xxii [F]: XXVI 
The 11th World Science Fiction Convention awards the first Hugo Awards (named after Hugo Gernsback). [A]: 43 [B]: 68 [E]: xxv 
The film The War of the Worlds is released. [A]: 43 [F]: XXVI [G]: xvii 
The film The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms is released. [B]: 68 [G]: xvii 
1954 The Caves of Steel by Isaac Asimov is published. [C]: xxii [E]: xxv–xxvi [F]: XXVI 
I Am Legend by Richard Matheson is published. [A]: 44 [E]: xxvi [F]: XXVI 
"The Cold Equations" by Tom Godwin is published. [A]: 45 [C]: xxii [D]: xxii [F]: XXVI 
The film Them! is released. [A]: 45 [B]: 68 [G]: xviii 
1955 Earthman, Come Home by James Blish is published. [A]: 46 [C]: xxii [F]: XXVI 
The Long Tomorrow by Leigh Brackett is published. [A]: 46 [C]: xxii [F]: XXVI 
"The Star" by Arthur C. Clarke is published. [A]: 46 [C]: xxii [F]: XXVI 
The Body Snatchers by Jack Finney is published. [E]: xxvi [F]: XXVI 
"A Canticle for Leibowitz" by Walter M. Miller Jr., the first story in what would become the 1959 fix-up novel A Canticle for Leibowitz, is published. [A]: 46, 51 [C]: xxiii [D]: xxiii [E]: xxvii [F]: XXVII [7]
The End of Eternity by Isaac Asimov is published. [A]: 46 [E]: xxvi [F]: XXVI 
The film This Island Earth is released. [A]: 46 [B]: 69 [F]: XXVI [G]: xviii 
1956 The Stars My Destination (a.k.a. Tiger! Tiger!) by Alfred Bester is published. [A]: 47 [B]: 69 [C]: xxiii [D]: xxii [E]: xxvi [F]: XXVI 
Double Star by Robert A. Heinlein is published. [A]: 47 [C]: xxiii [E]: xxvi [F]: XXVI 
The film Invasion of the Body Snatchers is released. [A]: 47 [C]: xxiii [F]: XXVI [G]: xviii 
The film Forbidden Planet is released. [A]: 46 [B]: 69 [C]: xxiii [F]: XXVI [G]: xviii 
The first annual Milford Science Fiction Writers' Conference is organized by Damon Knight, James Blish, and Judith Merril. [A]: 47 [D]: xxii [E]: xxvi 
1957 Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand is published. [A]: 48 [D]: xxii [F]: XXVI 
Eye in the Sky by Philip K. Dick is published. [D]: xxii [E]: xxvi 
The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, into Earth orbit. This is followed one month later by Sputnik 2, carrying the dog Laika. [B]: 69 [D]: xxii [E]: xxvi 
1958 Non-Stop (a.k.a. Starship) by Brian Aldiss is published. [C]: xxiii [E]: xxvi [F]: XXVI 
Andromeda: A Space-Age Tale by Ivan Yefremov is published. [C]: xxiii [D]: xxii [E]: xxvi [F]: XXVI 
The film The Fly is released. [B]: 69 [G]: xix 
The United States launches its first satellites, starting with Explorer 1. [B]: 69 [D]: xxii [E]: xxvi 
1959 Time Out of Joint by Philip K. Dick is published. [C]: xxiii [E]: xxvi [F]: XXVI 
Starship Troopers by Robert A. Heinlein is published. [A]: 50 [B]: 69 [C]: xxiii [D]: xxiii [E]: xxvi [F]: XXVI 
"Flowers for Algernon" by Daniel Keyes is published as a novella; it is published in expanded novel form in 1966. [A]: 50 [C]: xxiii [D]: xxiii [F]: XXVI 
The Sirens of Titan by Kurt Vonnegut is published. [A]: 50 [C]: xxiii [D]: xxiii [E]: xxvi [F]: XXVI 
Dorsai! by Gordon R. Dickson is published. [A]: 50 [D]: xxiii [E]: xxvi [F]: XXVI 
The film On the Beach is released. [B]: 69 [G]: xix 
The Soviet Union launches the first lunar missions: Luna 1 (flyby), Luna 2 (impact), and Luna 3 (flyby). [B]: 69 [D]: xxiii 

1960s

Year Event Ref.
1960 The High Crusade by Poul Anderson is published. [A]: 51 [C]: xxiii [F]: XXVI 
Venus Plus X by Theodore Sturgeon is published. [A]: 51 [C]: xxiii [F]: XXVII 
The film The Time Machine is released. [A]: 50 [B]: 72 [F]: XXVII [G]: xix 
Astounding Science Fiction is retitled Analog Science Fact and Fiction. [A]: 50–51 [B]: 72 [D]: xxiii [E]: xxvii [F]: XXVII 
1961 The Stainless Steel Rat by Harry Harrison is published. [C]: xxiii [E]: xxvii [F]: XXVII 
Stranger in a Strange Land by Robert A. Heinlein is published. [A]: 51 [B]: 72 [C]: xxiii [D]: xxiii [E]: xxvii [F]: XXVII 
Solaris by Stanisław Lem is published. [A]: 51 [C]: xxiii [D]: xxiv [E]: xxvii [F]: XXVII 
The film The Day the Earth Caught Fire is released. [A]: 51 [B]: 72 [G]: xix 
The film Mysterious Island is released. [B]: 72 [G]: xix 
The film Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea is released. [B]: 72 [G]: xix 
Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human in space. [B]: 72 [D]: xxiii [E]: xxvii 
1962 The Man in the High Castle by Philip K. Dick is published. [A]: 52 [B]: 72 [C]: xxiii [E]: xxvii [F]: XXVII 
A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L'Engle is published. [D]: xxiii [E]: xxvii [F]: XXVII 
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson, an environmental non-fiction book, is published. [D]: xxiii [E]: xxvii 
The film The Manchurian Candidate is released. [B]: 72 [F]: XXVII 
The communications satellite Telstar 1 is launched. [B]: 72 [D]: xxiii [E]: xxvii 
1963 Planet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle is published. [A]: 53 [B]: 72 [E]: xxvii 
Cat's Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut is published. [A]: 53 [E]: xxvii [F]: XXVII 
Doctor Who begins airing. [A]: 53 [B]: 72 [C]: xxiii [F]: XXVII 
1964 Farnham's Freehold by Robert A. Heinlein is published. [A]: 54 [C]: xxiii [E]: xxviii [F]: XXVII 
Michael Moorcock becomes editor of New Worlds. [A]: 54 [B]: 72 [D]: xxiii [E]: xxviii 
The film Dr. Strangelove is released. [A]: 53 [F]: XXVII [G]: xx 
1965 Dr. Bloodmoney, or How We Got Along After the Bomb by Philip K. Dick is published. [C]: xxiii [E]: xxviii [F]: XXVII 
Dune by Frank Herbert is published and wins the first Nebula Award for Best Novel. [A]: 53, 55 [B]: 73 [C]: xxiii [D]: xxiii [E]: xxviii [F]: XXVII 
""Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman" by Harlan Ellison is published. [A]: 55 [B]: 73 [F]: XXVII 
The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress by Robert A. Heinlein is published. [A]: 55 [B]: 73 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVII 
The Science Fiction Writers of America is founded. [A]: 55 [D]: xxiii [E]: xxviii 
1966 Babel-17 by Samuel R. Delany is published. [A]: 56 [C]: xxiii [D]: xxiv [E]: xxviii [F]: XXVII 
Make Room! Make Room! by Harry Harrison is published. [A]: 56 [C]: xxiii [E]: xxviii [F]: XXVII 
Orbit 1, the first in a series of anthologies edited by Damon Knight, is published. [B]: 73 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVII 
"The Signaller" by Keith Roberts is published. [A]: 56 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVII 
Star Trek begins airing. [A]: 55 [B]: 73 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVII 
1967 The Einstein Intersection by Samuel R. Delany is published. [A]: 57 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVII 
Dangerous Visions, a New Wave anthology edited by Harlan Ellison, is published. [A]: 57 [B]: 73 [C]: xxiv [D]: xxiv [E]: xxviii [F]: XXVIII 
Lord of Light by Roger Zelazny is published. [A]: 57 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVIII 
1968 Stand on Zanzibar by John Brunner is published. [A]: 58 [C]: xxiv [E]: xxviii [F]: XXVIII 
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick is published. [A]: 58 [C]: xxiv [D]: xxiv [E]: xxviii [F]: XXVIII 
Camp Concentration by Thomas M. Disch is published. [A]: 57 [C]: xxiv [D]: xxiv [F]: XXVIII 
Dragonflight by Anne McCaffrey is published. [A]: 57 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVIII 
Rite of Passage by Alexei Panshin is published. [A]: 58 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVIII 
Pavane by Keith Roberts is published. [A]: 58 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVIII 
The film 2001: A Space Odyssey, directed by Stanley Kubrick, is released. [A]: 58 [B]: 73 [C]: xxiv [E]: xxviii [F]: XXVIII [G]: xxi 
The film Planet of the Apes is released. [E]: xxviii [F]: XXVIII [G]: xxi 
Locus begins publication. [A]: 58 [B]: 73 [D]: xxiv [E]: xxviii 
The Clarion Workshop is founded. [D]: xxiv [E]: xxviii 
1969 The Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula K. Le Guin is published. [A]: 59 [C]: xxiv [D]: xxiv [E]: xxviii–xxix [F]: XXVIII 
Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut is published. [C]: xxv [E]: xxviii [F]: XXVIII 
NASA carries out Apollo 11, the first crewed lunar landing. Astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first human to walk on the surface of the Moon. [B]: 73 [D]: xxiv [E]: xxix 

1970s

Year Event Ref.
1970 Ringworld by Larry Niven is published. [C]: xxiv [D]: xxiv [E]: xxix [F]: XXVIII 
The Science Fiction Research Association is founded. [A]: 60 [D]: xxiv [E]: xxix [F]: XXVIII 
1971 The Lathe of Heaven by Ursula K. Le Guin is published. [A]: 61 [E]: xxix [F]: XXVIII 
Donald A. Wollheim founds DAW Books. [A]: 61 [B]: 78 [D]: xxiv 
The film THX 1138, directed by George Lucas, is released. [A]: 60 [B]: 78 [G]: xxi 
The film A Clockwork Orange, directed by Stanley Kubrick, is released. [A]: 61 [B]: 78 [F]: XXVIII [G]: xxi 
1972 The Gods Themselves by Isaac Asimov is published. [A]: 62 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVIII 
The Word for World Is Forest by Ursula K. Le Guin is published. [E]: xxix [F]: XXVIII 
Beyond Apollo by Barry N. Malzberg is published. [A]: 62 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVIII 
Dying Inside by Robert Silverberg is published. [A]: 62 [D]: xxiv [E]: xxix 
Roadside Picnic by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky is published. [C]: xxiv [E]: xxix [F]: XXVIII 
The Science Fiction Foundation begins publishing the journal Foundation. [A]: 62 [C]: xxiv [F]: XXVIII 
The film Solaris is released. [A]: 62 [B]: 78 [G]: xxi 
1973 Rendezvous with Rama by Arthur C. Clarke is published. [A]: 63 [C]: xxiv [E]: xxix [F]: XXVIII 
"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" by Ursula K. Le Guin is published. [A]: 64 [E]: xxix [F]: XXIX 
The journal Science Fiction Studies begins publication. [A]: 63 [C]: xxiv [D]: xxiv [E]: xxix [F]: XXIX 
The film Sleeper is released. [F]: XXIX [G]: xxii 
The film Soylent Green is released. [A]: 63 [F]: XXIX [G]: xxi–xxii 
1974 The Forever War by Joe Haldeman is published. [C]: xxiv [D]: xxv [E]: xxix [F]: XXIX 
The Dispossessed by Ursula K. Le Guin is published. [A]: 64 [B]: 78 [C]: xxiv [D]: xxv [E]: xxix [F]: XXIX 
Philip K. Dick experiences a series of visions that influence his subsequent works. [D]: xxv [E]: xxix 
1975 Dhalgren by Samuel R. Delany is published. [C]: xxiv [E]: xxx [F]: XXIX 
The Female Man by Joanna Russ is published. [C]: xxiv [D]: xxv [E]: xxix–xxx [F]: XXIX 
Grimus by Salman Rushdie is published. [E]: xxix [F]: XXIX 
Ecotopia by Ernest Callenbach is published. [E]: xxx [F]: XXIX 
The film A Boy and His Dog is released. [B]: 79 [G]: xxii 
The film The Rocky Horror Picture Show is released. [F]: XXIX [G]: xxii 
1976 Triton by Samuel R. Delany is published. [C]: xxv [D]: xxv [E]: xxx [F]: XXIX 
Woman on the Edge of Time by Marge Piercy is published. [C]: xxv [D]: xxv [E]: xxx [F]: XXIX 
The film Logan's Run is published. [A]: 66 [F]: XXIX [G]: xxii 
1977 The film Close Encounters of the Third Kind, directed by Steven Spielberg, is released. [C]: xxv [F]: XXIX [G]: xxii 
The film Star Wars, directed by George Lucas, is released. [A]: 66 [B]: 79 [C]: xxv [F]: XXIX [G]: xxii 
Gateway by Frederik Pohl is published. [C]: xxv [E]: xxx [F]: XXX 
Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine begins publication. [B]: 79 [D]: xxv [E]: xxx 
1978 The Stand by Stephen King is published. [E]: xxx [F]: XXIX 
The film Invasion of the Body Snatchers is released. [F]: XXIX [G]: xxii 
1979 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, adapted from the 1978 radio series, is published. [B]: 79 [C]: xxv [E]: xxx [F]: XXIX 
The film Alien, directed by Ridley Scott, is released. [B]: 79 [C]: xxv [F]: XXX [G]: xxiii 
Metamorphoses of Science Fiction by Darko Suvin, translated from the original 1977 French version, is published. [B]: 79 [D]: xxv [E]: xxx 
The first edition of The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, edited by John Clute and Peter Nicholls, is published. [D]: xxv [E]: xxx 
The film Star Trek: The Motion Picture is released. [F]: XXX [G]: xxiii 
The film Mad Max is released. [F]: XXX [G]: xxiii 

1980s

Year Event Ref.
1980 Timescape by Gregory Benford is published. [C]: xxv [D]: xxv [F]: XXX 
The film The Empire Strikes Back is released. [B]: 86 [F]: XXIX [G]: xxiii 
1981 Downbelow Station by C. J. Cherryh is published. [C]: xxv [E]: xxx [F]: XXX 
"Johnny Mnemonic" by William Gibson is published. [D]: xxv [E]: xxx 
"True Names" by Vernor Vinge is published. [C]: xxv [D]: xxv [E]: xxx [F]: XXX 
VALIS by Philip K. Dick is published. [E]: xxx [F]: XXX 
The film Mad Max 2 is released. [B]: 86 [F]: XXX [G]: xxiii 
1982 Helliconia Spring by Brian Aldiss is published. [C]: xxv [E]: xxx [F]: XXX 
The film Blade Runner, directed by Ridley Scott, is released. [B]: 86 [C]: xxv [E]: xxxi [F]: XXX [G]: xxiii 
The film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, directed by Steven Spielberg, is released. [B]: 86 [F]: XXX [G]: xxiii 
The film The Thing, directed by John Carpenter, is released. [B]: 86 [F]: XXX [G]: xxiii 
The International Association for the Fantastic in the Arts is founded. [D]: xxv [F]: XXX 
1983 Startide Rising by David Brin is published. [C]: xxv [E]: xxxi [F]: XXX 
The film Return of the Jedi is released. [B]: 86 [F]: XXX [G]: xxiv 
The film Born in Flames is released. [F]: XXX [G]: xxiv 
The mini-series V airs. [B]: 86 [F]: XXX 
An article by Vernor Vinge popularizes the concept of the technological singularity. [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxi 
1984 Neuromancer by William Gibson, one of the earliest works of the cyberpunk subgenre, is published. [B]: 86 [C]: xxv [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxi [F]: XXX 
The Wild Shore by Kim Stanley Robinson is published. [C]: xxv [E]: xxxi [F]: XXX 
The film Dune, directed by David Lynch, is released. [B]: 86 [G]: xxiv 
The film The Terminator, directed by James Cameron, is released. [B]: 86 [F]: XXX [G]: xxiv 
The film The Brother from Another Planet is released. [F]: XXX [G]: xxiv 
1985 The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood is published; it wins the inaugural Arthur C. Clarke Award in 1987. [B]: 87 [C]: xxv [E]: xxxi [F]: XXX 
Blood Music by Greg Bear is published. [B]: 87 [C]: xxv [D]: xxvi [F]: XXX 
Eon by Greg Bear is published. [B]: 87 [C]: xxv [F]: XXX 
Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card is published. [B]: 87 [C]: xxv [E]: xxxi [F]: XXX 
Schismatrix by Bruce Sterling is published. [C]: xxv [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxi [F]: XXXI 
The essay "A Cyborg Manifesto" by Donna Haraway is published. [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxi 
The film Back to the Future is released. Two sequels—Back to the Future Part II and Part III—are released in 1989 and 1990, respectively. [B]: 87 [F]: XXXI [G]: xxiv–xxv 
The film Brazil is released. [F]: XXXI [G]: xxiv 
The film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome is released. [F]: XXX [G]: xxiv 
1986 A Door into Ocean by Joan Slonczewski is published. [C]: xxvi [E]: xxxi [F]: XXXI 
Mirrorshades, an anthology edited by Bruce Sterling, is published. [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxi [F]: XXXI 
The film Aliens, directed by James Cameron, is released. [B]: 87 [F]: XXX [G]: xxiv 
1987 Consider Phlebas by Iain M. Banks is published. [C]: xxvi [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxi [F]: XXXI 
Dawn by Octavia E. Butler, the first novel in the Lilith's Brood or Xenogenesis trilogy, is published. The sequels Adulthood Rites and Imago are published in 1988 and 1989, respectively. [C]: xxvi [E]: xxxi–xxxii [F]: XXXI 
The film RoboCop, directed by Paul Verhoeven, is released. [F]: XXXI [G]: xxv 
Star Trek: The Next Generation begins airing. [B]: 87 [F]: XXXI 
The non-fiction book Chaos: Making a New Science by James Gleick popularizes chaos theory. [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxi 
The non-fiction book Engines of Creation by K. Eric Drexler popularizes nanotechnology. [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxi 
1988 Eva by Peter Dickinson is published. [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxii 
The film They Live, directed by John Carpenter, is released. [F]: XXXI [G]: xxv 
The New York Review of Science Fiction begins publication. [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxi 
1989 Hyperion by Dan Simmons is published. [C]: xxvi [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxii [F]: XXXI 

1990s

Year Event Ref.
1990 The film Total Recall, directed by Paul Verhoeven, is released. [B]: 92 [G]: xxv 
The Human Genome Project is initiated. [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxii 
1991 The film Terminator 2: Judgment Day, directed by James Cameron, is released. [B]: 92 [G]: xxv 
1992 Red Mars by Kim Stanley Robinson, the first book in the Mars trilogy, is published. [C]: xxvi [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxii [F]: XXXII 
Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson is published. [C]: xxvi [E]: xxxii [F]: XXXII 
A Fire Upon the Deep by Vernor Vinge is published. [C]: xxvi [E]: xxxii [F]: XXXII 
1993 Parable of the Sower by Octavia E. Butler is published. [E]: xxxii [F]: XXXII 
The Giver by Lois Lowry is published. [E]: xxxii [F]: XXXII 
Vurt by Jeff Noon is published. [D]: xxvi [E]: xxxii 
The film Demolition Man is released. [B]: 93 [G]: xxvi 
The film Jurassic Park, directed by Steven Spielberg, is released. [F]: XXXII [G]: xxvi 
1994 The film Stargate, directed by Roland Emmerich, is released. [B]: 93 [G]: xxvi 
1995 The Star Fraction by Ken MacLeod is published. [C]: xxvii [D]: xxvii [E]: xxxii [F]: XXXII 
Chaga by Ian McDonald is published. [D]: xxvii [E]: xxxii 
The film 12 Monkeys, directed by Terry Gilliam, is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxvi 
The anime film Ghost in the Shell is released. [F]: XXXI [G]: xxvi 
1996 The Reality Dysfunction, the first entry in The Night's Dawn Trilogy by Peter F. Hamilton, is published. [D]: xxvii [E]: xxxii 
The film Independence Day, directed by Roland Emmerich, is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxvi 
The sheep Dolly, the first cloned mammal, is born. [D]: xxvii [E]: xxxii 
1997 Diaspora by Greg Egan is published. [D]: xxvii [E]: xxxiii 
The film Contact, directed by Robert Zemeckis, is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxvii 
The film Gattaca, directed by Andrew Niccol, is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxvii 
The film Men in Black, directed by Barry Sonnenfeld, is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxvii 
The film Starship Troopers, directed by Paul Verhoeven, is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxvii 
1998 Kirinyaga by Mike Resnick is published. [D]: xxvii [E]: xxxiii 
The film Dark City is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxvii 
The film The Truman Show is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxvii 
1999 Darwin's Radio by Greg Bear is published. [C]: xxvii [E]: xxxiii [F]: XXXIII 
The film The Matrix, directed by The Wachowskis, is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxvii 
The film Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, directed by George Lucas, is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxvii 
The film Galaxy Quest, directed by Dean Parisot, is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxvii 

2000s

Year Event Ref.
2000 Midnight Robber by Nalo Hopkinson is published. [C]: xxvii [E]: xxxiii [F]: XXXIII 
Perdido Street Station by China Miéville is published. [C]: xxvii [E]: xxxiii [F]: XXXIV 
A preliminary version of the sequenced human genome is published. [D]: xxvii [E]: xxxiii 
2001 The film Donnie Darko is released. [F]: XXXIV [G]: xxviii 
2002 The Years of Rice and Salt by Kim Stanley Robinson is published. [C]: xxvii [D]: xxviii [E]: xxxiii [F]: XXXIV 
The film Minority Report, directed by Steven Spielberg, is published. [F]: XXXIV [G]: xxviii 
The film Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones, directed by George Lucas, is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxviii 
2003 Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood is published. [E]: xxxiv [F]: XXXIV 
The films The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, directed by The Wachowskis, are released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxviii 
2005 The film Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, directed by George Lucas, is released. [F]: XXXIII [G]: xxix 
The film Serenity, directed by Joss Whedon and based on the television series Firefly, is released. [F]: XXXIV [G]: xxix 
2007 The Yiddish Policemen's Union by Michael Chabon is published. [E]: xxxiv [F]: XXXV 
2008 The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins is published. [E]: xxxiv [F]: XXXV 
The film Sleep Dealer is released. [F]: XXXV [G]: xxx 
The film WALL-E is released. [F]: XXXV [G]: xxx 
2009 The Windup Girl by Paolo Bacigalupi is published. [E]: xxxiv [F]: XXXV 
The film Avatar, directed by James Cameron, is released. [F]: XXXV [G]: xxxi 
The film District 9, directed by Neill Blomkamp, is released. [F]: XXXV [G]: xxx–xxxi 
The film Star Trek, directed by J. J. Abrams, is released. [F]: XXXV [G]: xxxi 

2010s

Year Event Ref.
2010 The film Inception, directed by Christopher Nolan, is released. [F]: XXXV [G]: xxxi 
2011 The film Rise of the Planet of the Apes, directed by Rupert Wyatt, is released. [F]: XXXV [G]: xxxi 
2012 2312 by Kim Stanley Robinson is published. [E]: xxxv [F]: XXXV 
The film The Hunger Games, directed by Gary Ross, is released. [F]: XXXV [G]: xxxii 
2013 We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves by Karen Joy Fowler is published. [E]: xxxv [F]: XXXVI 
The film Elysium, directed by Neill Blomkamp, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxii 
The film Gravity, directed by Alfonso Cuarón, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxii 
The film Pacific Rim, directed by Guillermo del Toro, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxii 
The film Star Trek Into Darkness, directed by J. J. Abrams, is released. [F]: XXXV [G]: xxxii 
2014 Lagoon by Nnedi Okorafor is published. [E]: xxxv [F]: XXXVI 
The film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, directed by Matt Reeves, is released. [F]: XXXV [G]: xxxiii 
The film Ex Machina, directed by Alex Garland, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxiii 
The film Guardians of the Galaxy, directed by James Gunn, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxiii 
The film Interstellar, directed by Christopher Nolan, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxiii 
2015 The Water Knife by Paolo Bacigalupi is published. [E]: xxxv [F]: XXXVI 
The film Jurassic World, directed by Colin Trevorrow, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxiii 
The film Mad Max: Fury Road, directed by George Miller, is released. [F]: XXX [G]: xxxiii 
The film The Martian, directed by Ridley Scott, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxiii 
The film Star Wars: The Force Awakens, directed by J. J. Abrams, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxiii 
2016 The film Arrival, directed by Denis Villeneuve, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxiv 
The film Independence Day: Resurgence, directed by Roland Emmerich, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxiv 
The film Rogue One, directed by Gareth Edwards, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxiv 
The film Star Trek Beyond, directed by Justin Lin, is released. [F]: XXXV [G]: xxxiv 
2017 The film Blade Runner 2049, directed by Denis Villeneuve, is released. [F]: XXXVII [G]: xxxiv 
The film Get Out, directed by Jordan Peele, is released. [F]: XXXVII [G]: xxxiv–xxxv 
The film Star Wars: The Last Jedi, directed by Rian Johnson, is released. [F]: XXXVII [G]: xxxiv 
2018 The film Annihilation, directed by Alex Garland, is released. [F]: XXXVI [G]: xxxv 

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Specifically, the following:

References

Timelines

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm Ash, Brian, ed. (1977). "Program". The Visual Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Harmony Books. pp. 9–66. ISBN 0-517-53174-7. OCLC 2984418.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep Clute, John (1995). "Historical Context". Science Fiction: The Illustrated Encyclopedia. Human & Rousseau. pp. 33–95. ISBN 0-7981-3435-6.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq James, Edward; Mendlesohn, Farah, eds. (2003). "Chronology". The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction. Cambridge University Press. pp. xx–xxvii. ISBN 978-0-521-01657-5.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd Stableford, Brian (2004). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Literature. Scarecrow Press. pp. xiii–xxviii. ISBN 978-0-8108-4938-9.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy Booker, M. Keith (2014). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction in Literature. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. xix–xxxv. ISBN 978-0-8108-7884-6.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko Canavan, Gerry; Link, Eric Carl, eds. (2018). "Chronology". The Cambridge History of Science Fiction. Cambridge University Press. pp. XXII–XXXVII. ISBN 978-1-107-16609-7.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl Booker, M. Keith (2020). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Cinema (Second ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. xv–xxxvi. ISBN 978-1-5381-3010-0.

Additional sources

  1. ^ del Rey, Lester (1979). "The Beginnings of Science Fiction". The World of Science Fiction, 1926–1976: The History of a Subculture. Ballantine Books. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-345-25452-8.
  2. ^ Freiberger, Paul A.; Swaine, Michael R. "Difference Engine". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2025-03-06. Retrieved 2025-05-29.
  3. ^ Stableford, Brian; Clute, John (2024). "Flammarion, Camille". In Clute, John; Langford, David; Sleight, Graham (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (4th ed.). Retrieved 2025-07-12.
  4. ^ Eggeling, John; Bleiler, Everett Franklin; Clute, John (2024). "England, George Allan". In Clute, John; Langford, David; Sleight, Graham (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (4th ed.). Retrieved 2025-06-01.
  5. ^ Edwards, Malcolm; Clute, John (2024). "de Camp, L Sprague". In Clute, John; Langford, David; Sleight, Graham (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (4th ed.). Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  6. ^ Clute, John; Pringle, David (2025). "Heinlein, Robert A". In Clute, John; Langford, David; Sleight, Graham (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (4th ed.). Retrieved 2025-06-18.
  7. ^ Clute, John (2024). "Miller, Walter M, Jr". In Clute, John; Langford, David; Sleight, Graham (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (4th ed.). Retrieved 2025-06-22.
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