Timeline of Guangzhou

The following is a timeline of the history of the Chinese city of Guangzhou, also formerly known as Panyu, Canton, and Kwang-chow.^[1][2]

• 214 BCE – Panyu established as a Qin base during Zhao Tuo's first failed invasion of the southern lands of the Baiyue
• 204 BCE – Panyu becomes the capital of Zhao Tuo's kingdom of Nanyue.

• 111 BCE – Panyu becomes a provincial capital of the Han dynasty after the Han–Nanyue War as the Han expands southward.
• 226 CE – Panyu becomes the seat of Guang Prefecture ("Guangzhou").
• 401 – Guangxiao Temple first established as the "Baoen Guangziao" Temple.^[3]
• 537 – Temple of the Six Banyan Trees built.
• 878–879 — Guangzhou massacre instigated by forces loyal to Huang Chao
• 1350 – Huaisheng Mosque rebuilt.^[4]
• 1380 – Zhenhai Tower built.
• 1516 – Portuguese merchants arrive.^[5]

• 1600 – Pazhou Pagoda built.
• 1619 – Chigang Pagoda built.
• 1684 – British East India Company in business.^[6]

• 1821 – Xigutang literary society formed.^[7]
• 1822 - Fire.^[8]
• 1827 – The Canton Register, an English-language newspaper, begins publication.^[9][10]
• 1832 – Jardine, Matheson and Co. in business.
• 1834 – Wetmore & Co. in business.^[11]
• 1835 – The Canton Press, an English-language newspaper, begins publication.^[9]
• 1840 – Augustine Heard and Company in business.^[11]
• 1841
  • February 27: Battle of First Bar.
  • March 2: Battle of Whampoa.
  • March 18: Battle of Canton
  • May: Second Battle of Canton.
• 1842 – City designated a treaty port under the Treaty of Nanking.^[6]
• 1848 – Apostolic Vicariate of Guangdong-Guangxi established.
• 1856
  • British/French occupation begins.^[6]
  • Thirteen Factories set on fire.^[11]
• 1859 – Shameen Island divided into French and British concessions.^[6]
• 1861 – British/French occupation ends.^[6]
• 1863 – Sacred Heart Cathedral built.
• 1866 – Yu Yin Shan Fang garden laid out.^[12]
• 1879
  • City area: 6.5 square kilometers (approximate).^[13]
  • Population: 400,000 (estimate).^[13]
• 1894
  • Plague (3rd Pandemic).
  • Chen Clan Academy built.
• 1895 – First Guangzhou uprising
• 1908 – Guangzhou North Railway Station opens.
• 1911
  • Kowloon–Canton Railway begins operating.
  • Second Guangzhou Uprising

• The Shakee Massacre on June 23, 1925, resulted in over two hundred casualties due to gunfire by British, French and Portuguese forces in Shaji (called Shake in Cantonese)
• 1918 – Urban council established.
• 1923
  • June: National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party held in Guangzhou.^[14]
  • Kuomintang in power.^[15]
• 1924
  • Peasant Movement Training Institute and Whampoa Military Academy open.
  • Canton Merchant Volunteers Corps Uprising.
  • National Kwangtung University established.
• 1927 – December 11–13: Communist uprising.^[16]
• 1931 – Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall built.
• 1932
  • Guangzhou Baiyun Airport opens in Baiyun District.
  • Guangzhou Conservatory of Music founded.
• 1933 – Haizhu Bridge constructed.
• 1936
  • Canton–Hankou Railway begins operating.
  • Population: 1,122,600 (estimate).^[6]
• 1938 – October 21: Japanese occupation begins.^[6]
• 1945 – September 16: Japanese occupation ends.^[17]
• 1949
  • Nationalist government under the acting president Li Zongren relocates to Guangzhou.
  • Nanfang Daily newspaper begins publication.

• 1949
  • October: Communist forces enter city.
  • Radio Guangdong begins broadcasting.
• 1952 – Guangzhou Daily newspaper begins publication.
• 1954
  • Guangzhou Evergrande Football Club formed.
  • South China Institute of Botany active.^[18]
• 1956 – Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine founded.
• 1957
  • Beijing–Guangzhou Railway in operation.
  • Canton Fair begins.
  • Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra founded.
  • Population: 1,840,000.^[19]
• 1958
  • Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts in operation.
  • Jinan University relocates to Guangzhou.
• 1959 – Guangdong Provincial Museum founded.
• 1964 – Population: 3,031,486.^[20]
• 1967 – Renmin Bridge built.
• 1981 - Sister city relationship established with Los Angeles, USA.^[21]
• 1982
  • Guangzhou Library and Liyuan Poetry Society established.^[22]
  • Population: 3,181,510 city; 5,669,640 urban agglomeration.^[23]
• 1983 – Mausoleum of the Nanyue King discovered.^[24]
• 1984
  • Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone established.
  • City designated sub-provincial city administrative status.
  • Southern Weekly newspaper begins publication.
• 1985
  • Zhujiang Brewery begins operation.
  • Guangzhou Bridge built.
• 1988
  • Haiyin Bridge built.
  • Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King opens.
• 1990
  • Guangdong International Building constructed.
  • Avon begins hiring ladies in Guangzhou.^[25]
  • Population: 6,299,943.^[26]
• 1991
  • Guangzhou TV Tower erected.
  • November: 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup held.
• 1992 – Guangzhou Free Trade Zone established.^[27]
• 1996 – Guangzhou East railway station opens.
• 1997
  • Guangzhou Metro begins operating.
  • CITIC Plaza and Humen Pearl River Bridge built.
  • Southern Metropolis Daily begins publication.
  • Xiangjiang Safari Park opens.
• 1998 – Hedong Bridge, Jiangwan Bridge, Jiefang Bridge, and Huanan Bridge open.
• 2000 – Yajisha Bridge opens.
• 2001
  • Guangdong Olympic Stadium opens.
  • November: Chinese National Games held in Guangzhou.
• 2002
  • Vitamin Creative Space founded.^[28]
  • Population: 10,106,229.^[26]
• 2003
  • Zhang Guangning becomes mayor.
  • Pazhou Bridge opens.
• 2004
  • Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport opens in Huadu District.
  • Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center built.
  • Guangzhou International Women's Open tennis tournament begins.
• 2006 – Chime-Long Paradise amusement park in business.
• 2008 – Huangpu Bridge and Xinguang Bridge open.
• 2009 – Liede Bridge opens.
• 2010
  • Canton Tower and Guangzhou International Finance Center built.
  • November: 2010 Asian Games held.
  • Guangzhou Opera House, Guangdong Museum, and Guangzhou South Railway Station open.
  • Wan Qingliang becomes mayor.
  • Guangzhou Television Cantonese controversy.
  • Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit system launched.^[29]
• 2011
  • Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Railway begins operating.
  • Pearl River Tower built.
  • Chen Jianhua becomes mayor.
• 2012 – Leatop Plaza and The Pinnacle built.
• 2013 - Air pollution in Guangzhou reaches annual mean of 48 PM2.5 and 72 PM10, more than recommended.^[30]
• 2021 - 2021 Guangzhou bombing.

• Guangzhou history
• List of administrative divisions of Guangzhou
• Mayor of Guangzhou
• List of newspapers in Guangdong
• List of universities and colleges in Guangzhou
• List of historic buildings in Guangzhou
• List of tallest buildings in Guangzhou (sortable by date)
• Eight Sights of Guangzhou
• Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (Guangdong) in Guangzhou
• Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
• Other names of Guangzhou
• Urbanization in China

• John Stewart Bowman, ed. (2000), Columbia Chronologies of Asian History & Culture, Columbia University Press.
• Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1878), "Canton" , in Baynes, T. S. (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 37–39
• Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1911), "Canton" , in Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 218–220.
• Sullivan, Lawrence R. (2012), Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Communist Party, Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-7225-7.
• Schellinger; Salkin, eds. (1996), International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964046
• Wetterau, Bruce (1990), New York Public Library Book of Chronologies, New York: Prentice Hall, OL 1885709M.
• Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M.
• Dirlik, Arif (1997), "Narrativizing Revolution: The Guangzhou Uprising (11-13 December 1927) in Workers' Perspective", Modern China, vol. 23
• Farris, Jonathan A. (2007), "Thirteen Factories of Canton: An Architecture of Sino-Western Collaboration and Confrontation", Buildings & Landscapes, vol. 14
• Hiromasa, Inoue (1986), "Wu Lanxiu and Society in Guangzhou on the Eve of the Opium War", Modern China, vol. 12
• Keswick, Maggie (2003), The Chinese Garden, Frances Lincoln Publishers, ISBN 9780711220317
• Lam Lap (2007), "The Revival of Classical-Style Poetry Writing: A Field Study of Poetry Societies in Guangzhou", Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews, vol. 29
• Lo Chor-Pang Pannell, Clifton W.; Welch, Roy (1977), "Land Use Changes and City Planning in Shenyang and Canton", Geographical Review, vol. 67.
• Paulès, Xavier (2009), "Opium in the City: A Spatial Study of Guangzhou's Opium Houses, 1923–1936", Modern China, vol. 35
• Szczesniak, Boleslaw (1956), "Pictorials of Contempt: A Note on the British in Mid-19th Century Canton", Monumenta Serica, vol. 15
• United Nations (2005), Free Trade Zone and Port Hinterland Development, United Nations Publications, ISBN 9789211204346.

Attribution This article incorporates information from the Chinese Wikipedia, Dutch Wikipedia, and the Japanese Wikipedia.

• Items related to Guangzhou and Canton, various dates (via Europeana).
• "(Works related to Guangzhou)". V&A Collections. London: Victoria and Albert Museum.
• Items related to Guangzhou and Canton, China, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).