Tiliqua scincoides

Tiliqua scincoides is a species of lizard in the subfamily Egerniinae of the family Scincidae (skinks). The species is native to Australia as well Tanimbar Island (Maluku Province, Indonesia). There are three recognized subspecies.^[2]

Common names for Tiliqua scincoides include common blue-tongued lizard, common blue-tongued skink,^[3] blue-tongued lizard, and common bluetongue.^[2]

Three subspecies of Tiliqua scincoides are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies (listed in chronological order).^[2]

• Tiliqua scincoides scincoides (White, 1790) – eastern blue-tongued skink (southern/eastern Australia)
• Tiliqua scincoides intermedia Mitchell, 1955 – northern blue-tongued skink (northern Australia)
• Tiliqua scincoides chimaera Shea, 2000 – Tanimbar blue-tongued skink (Maluku Province, Indonesia)

Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Tiliqua.

Tiliqua scincoides is a large species of terrestrial blue tongue measuring upwards of 60 cm (24 in) in total length (tail included), and over 1 kg (2.2 lb) in mass. It has a stout body and short legs.^[3] It is variable in color but generally has a banded pattern. The tongue is blue-violet^[4] to cobalt blue in color.^[5] The tongue is used, as in most animals in the order Squamata, to collect micro molecules to deliver to sensory organs as a "smell" sense using the tip. The tongue of the blue-tongued skink is also useful in catching prey, as it is coated in a sticky mucus to preserve surface tension in motion to draw an insect back into the mouth.^[6] Due to its characteristic blue tongue and its curious nature, it is a popular companion animal in Western countries.^[7]

This lizard is diurnal, active during the day. It is omnivorous, feeding on insects, snails, frogs, cane toads, other reptiles, small birds, small mammals, carrion, some plant material, fruits, and other vegetation.^{[3][8][9][10]} It is ovoviviparous, and a live bearing reptile. The female's litter can have a range from 5 to 25 live young per litter with Tiliqua scincoides scincoides being known to carry the largest litters.^[4] This species is known to live over 30 years. It is an adaptable animal, often finding habitat in urban and suburban areas, including residential areas of Sydney.^[3] The lizard is considered beneficial in these areas, with its appetite for garden pests such as slugs and snails.^[4]

When threatened it may hiss, lunge, inflate and reveal its blue tongue, startling potential predators.^[4][11]

There are many localities and established color variations for each subspecies. Eastern blue tongues can have a green or yellow phase, they can have eye bands or not, and look different coming from the Brisbane area and others. In captivity, breeders have expressed albinism and hyper melanism. Northerns are either classic/standard looking or speckled from the Kimberley region and Prince Regent National Park. In captivity, breeders have expressed exaggerated colorations that can be red, yellow, orange, caramel, white, and others. Tanimbar blue tongues are the most glossy and often seen in a gold or silver phase. Tanimbar and Kimberley Northerns are known for being more aggressive in the wild than other species.

• Eastern blue-tongued lizard
• Northern blue-tongued skink

• White, J. (1790). Journal of a Voyage to new South Wales with Sixty-five Plates of Non descript Animals, Birds, Lizards, Serpents, curious Cones of Trees and other Natural Productions. London: Debrett. 299 pp. (Lacerta scincoides, new species, pp. 242–243 + color plate).