The Seekers (rapturists)
| The Seekers | |
|---|---|
| Type | New religious movement |
| Classification | UFO religion |
| Leader | Dorothy Martin |
| Founder | Charles Laughead |
| Origin | 1953 United States |
| Other name(s) | The Brotherhood of the Seven Rays |
The Seekers, also called The Brotherhood of the Seven Rays, were a group of rapturists or a UFO religion in mid-twentieth century Midwestern United States. The Seekers met in a nondenominational church, the group originally organized in 1953 by Charles Laughead, a staff member at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan.[1][2] They were led by Dorothy Martin from the Chicago area (also called Sister Thedra), who believed a UFO would save them from a catastrophe on December 21, 1954.[3][4] They are believed to be the earliest UFO religion.[5]
Martin told her followers that the United States was going to be destroyed by a massive earthquake and huge tidal wave on December 21, 1954, according to telepathic messages that she claimed to have received from aliens. She called the aliens the Guardians and said they came from a planet called Clarion. Believers would be saved from the destruction by flying saucers that would take them to Clarion.[6]
The Seekers were the subject of the book When Prophecy Fails by Leon Festinger, in which Laughead was given the pseudonym Dr. Armstrong and Martin the name Marian Keech. Festinger infiltrated the Seekers with the goal of studying their cognitive reactions and coping mechanisms when their beliefs failed, a thought-process which Festinger named cognitive dissonance. When the UFO did not come, a majority of the members became convinced that the UFO would arrive on Christmas Eve, at which time their second disappointment produced even greater dissonance. In the book, Festinger and his colleagues write, "The experiences of this observer well characterize the state of affairs following the Christmas caroling episode—a persistent, frustrating search for orders."[7]
References
- ^ Beck 2015.
- ^ Jenkins 2013, p. 60.
- ^ Tumminia 2005.
- ^ Boyett 2005, p. 50.
- ^ Collins 2010, p. 130.
- ^ Xygalatas, Dimitris (September 13, 2022). Ritual: How Seemingly Senseless Acts Make Life Worth Living. Little, Brown Spark. p. 212. ISBN 978-0316462402.
- ^ Festinger, Leon. (2017). When Prophecy Fails : a Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group that Predicted the Destruction of the World. Dancing Unicorn Books. ISBN 978-1-5154-1510-7. OCLC 990616768.
Sources
- Collins, C. (2010). Homeland Mythology: Biblical Narratives in American Culture. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-271-04724-9. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- Boyett, J. (2005). Pocket Guide to the Apocalypse. Relevant Books. ISBN 978-0-9760357-1-8. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- Tumminia, Diana G. (2005). "How Prophecy Never Fails". When Prophecy Never Fails: Myth and Reality in a Flying-Saucer Group. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517675-8.
- Jenkins, T. (2013). Of Flying Saucers and Social Scientists: A Re-Reading of When Prophecy Fails and of Cognitive Dissonance. Palgrave pivot. Palgrave Macmillan US. ISBN 978-1-137-35760-1. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- Beck, Julie (December 18, 2015), "The Christmas the aliens didn't come", The Atlantic