TRNA-YW Synthesizing Protein 5 (TYW5) is a human protein that is encoded by the TYW5 gene.[5][6]
Gene
TYW5 is located on chromosome 2q33.1 on the minus strand and spans 26,579 nucleotides.[6]
Gene neighborhood
TYW5 is neighbored upstream by the genes C2orf69 (199,911,293 - 199,955,935) and Matrix AAA Peptidase Interacting Protein 1 (MAIP1) (199,955,317-200,008,540).[7]
Protein
The TYW5 protein consists of 315 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 36.5 kDa. TYW5 functions as a homodimer and relies on Fe²⁺ ions as cofactors for its enzymatic activity, specifically involved in tRNA modification.[6][8]
Evolution
Paralogs
There are four known paralogs to TYW5.[6][9]
- HSPB1 Associated Protein 1 (HSPBAP1)
- Jumonji C Domain-Containing Protein 5 (JMJD5)
- Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Subunit Alpha Inhibitor (HIF1AN)
- Jumonji Domain-Containing Protein 7 (JMJD7)
Orthologs
TYW5 in Homo sapiens is shown to be highly conserved. It is found in many vertebrates and invertebrates, as displayed in the table 1.[10]
Table 1: Selected Orthologs of TYW5 (C2orf60)
| Genus/Species
|
Common Name
|
Class
|
Order
|
Accession Number
|
Sequence Length (aa)
|
Sequence Identity (%)
|
Divergence from Humans (MYA)
|
| Homo sapiens
|
Human
|
Mammalia
|
Primate
|
NP_001034782.1
|
315
|
100%
|
-
|
| Gorilla gorilla gorilla
|
Gorilla
|
Mammalia
|
Primate
|
XP_018878290.1
|
315
|
99.68%
|
8.6
|
| Artibeus jamaicensis
|
Jamaican fruit bat
|
Mammalia
|
Chiroptera
|
XP_037023423.2
|
315
|
94.92%
|
94
|
| Hippopotamus amphibius kiboko
|
River Hippopotamus
|
Mammalia
|
Artiodactyla
|
XP_057601540.1
|
315
|
94.57%
|
94
|
| Talpa occidentalis
|
Spanish mole
|
Mammalia
|
Eulipotyphla
|
XP_037379687.1
|
315
|
94.29%
|
94
|
| Panthera tigris
|
Tiger
|
Mammalia
|
Carnivora
|
XP_007094793.1
|
315
|
93.65%
|
94
|
| Ictidomys tridecemlineatus
|
Thirteen-lined ground squirrel
|
Mammalia
|
Rodentia
|
XP_005340922.1
|
315
|
92.06%
|
87
|
| Eschrichtius robustus
|
Gray whale
|
Mammalia
|
Artiodactyla
|
XP_068400800.1
|
315
|
86.84%
|
94
|
| Alligator mississippiensis
|
American alligator
|
Reptilia
|
Crocodilia
|
KYO33633.1
|
315
|
81.90%
|
319
|
| Caretta caretta
|
Loggerhead sea turtle
|
Reptilia
|
Testudines
|
XP_048726478.1
|
315
|
81.27%
|
319
|
| Gavia stellata
|
Red-throated loon
|
Aves
|
Gaviiformes
|
XP_059676631.1
|
318
|
79.55%
|
319
|
| Gallus gallus
|
Red junglefowl
|
Aves
|
Galliformes
|
E1C7T6.1
|
318
|
77.52%
|
319
|
| Pristis pectinata
|
Smalltooth sawfish
|
Chondrichthyes
|
Rhinopristiformes
|
XP_051883094.1
|
316
|
77.20%
|
462
|
| Microcaecilia unicolor
|
Tiny Cayenne Caecilian
|
Amphibia
|
Gymnophiona
|
XP_030065847.1
|
354
|
77.07%
|
352
|
| Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus
|
Atlantic sturgeon
|
Actinopterygii
|
Acipenseriformes
|
KAK1165839.1
|
341
|
72.82%
|
429
|
| Danio rerio
|
Zebrafish
|
Actinopterygii
|
Cypriniformes
|
NP_001071011.1
|
326
|
66.99%
|
429
|
| Haliotis asinina
|
Ass's-Ear Abalone
|
Gastropoda
|
Lepetellida
|
XP_067686775.1
|
326
|
65.91%
|
686
|
| Owenia fusiformis
|
Tubeworm
|
Polychaeta
|
Canalipalpata
|
CAH1788010.1
|
370
|
65.33%
|
686
|
| Exaiptasia diaphana
|
Pale anemone
|
Hexacorallia
|
Actiniaria
|
XP_020892862.1
|
308
|
60.34%
|
685
|
| Anabrus simplex
|
Mormon cricket
|
Insecta
|
Orthoptera
|
P_066991715.2
|
313
|
59.40%
|
686
|
| Ornithodoros turicata
|
relapsing fever tick
|
Arachnida
|
Ixodida
|
XP_064459258.1
|
309
|
54.18%
|
686
|
| Drosophila melanogaster
|
Common fruit fly
|
Insecta
|
Diptera
|
7YXJ_A
|
322
|
23.49%
|
686
|
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162971 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000048495 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "TYW5 tRNA-yW synthesizing protein 5 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-29.
- ^ a b c d "TYW5 Gene - TRNA-YW Synthesizing Protein 5". GeneCards - The Human Gene Database. Retrieved 2024-09-29.
- ^ "AceView: Gene:C2orf60, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
- ^ Key J, Sen NE, Arsović A, Krämer S, Hülse R, Khan NN, et al. (October 2020). "Systematic Surveys of Iron Homeostasis Mechanisms Reveal Ferritin Superfamily and Nucleotide Surveillance Regulation to be Modified by PINK1 Absence". Cells. 9 (10): 2229. doi:10.3390/cells9102229. PMC 7650593. PMID 33023155.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link)
- ^ "Gene: TYW5 (ENSG00000162971) - Paralogues - Homo_sapiens - Ensembl genome browser 113". useast.ensembl.org. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
- ^ "Protein BLAST: search protein databases using a protein query". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-18.