TNCO ceilings

The Tar, Nicotine and Carbon monoxide ceilings (or TNCO ceilings) are the average upper limits on total aerosol residue, nicotine and carbon monoxide contents of a cigarette, as measured on a smoking machine and according to a given set of ISO standards.[1] Because these refer to machine-generated yields rather than the average smoker's intake, these values have often been decried as misleading.[2]

A growing number of countries are nevertheless using such values as upper yield limitations for the cigarettes marketed under their jurisdiction.

Africa

Country Tar Nicotine CO As of
Democratic Republic of the Congo 15 1.5 - 2007 07
Egypt 15 2 - 2005 01
Libya 12 0.8 -  
South Africa 12 1.2 - 2006 06

(All values in mg/cigarette and must be reported on packs.)

Most countries on the continent do not impose maximum values for either tar, nicotine or CO, but Burkina Faso, Benin, Cape Verde, Morocco nevertheless demand that yield values be reported on pack.

Americas

Country Tar Nicotine CO As of
Honduras 14 1.1 - 1995 11
Brazil 10 1 10 2001 12

(All values in mg/cigarette and must be reported on packs.)

Whereas Ecuador prohibits the indication of TNCO yields, Canada, El Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama and Peru require these values to be indicated without mandating upper limits. Canada demands values measured both with ISO standards and Health Canada's Intensive Method, as well as the yields for formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide and benzene.

Asia & Pacific

Country Tar Nicotine CO As of
Brunei 15 1.3 - 2008 02
China 11 - - 2013 01
Hong Kong 17 - - 1999 07
Macau 20 1.5 - 1996 08
Malaysia 10 1.0 10 1993 05
Mongolia 15 1.4 - -
South Korea 8 0.7 - -
Singapore 10 1.0 - 2013 03
Taiwan 12 1.2 - 2007 07
Vietnam 16 2.2 - 2007 03[3]

(All values in mg/cigarette and must be reported on packs (see exceptions below).)

Although many countries in the region do not impose formal ceilings, some still request that tar and nicotine yield values be indicated on the pack (India, Indonesia, Japan). In Brunei, Malaysia and Vietnam, on the other hand, measured values must only be reported to the government.


HARA<BE

Eastern Europe and former CIS

Country Tar Nicotine CO As of
Albania 10 1 10 2007 05
Armenia 14[4] 1.2 - 2005 12
Belarus 14 1.2 - -
Croatia 12 - - -
Georgia 10 1 - 2005 04
Kazakhstan 14[4] 1.2 - 2003 07
Kyrgyzstan 14[4] 1.2 -
Macedonia 10 1 10 2008 03
Moldova 15 1.2 - 2008 01[5]
Montenegro 10 1 10 2004 02
Russia 10 1 10 2010 06
Serbia 14[6] 1.4 14 2007 01
Turkmenistan 16 1.4 - -
Ukraine 15[7] 1.3 - 1997 07
Uzbekistan 16 1.4 - -

(All values in mg/cigarette and must be reported on packs.)

While Kosovo should soon enact regulation imposing ceilings, Bosnia-Herzegovina only requires tar and nicotine yields to be indicated, without imposing maximal values.

European Union/EFTA

Country Tar Nicotine CO As of
Austria 10 1 10 2004 01
Belgium 10 1 10 2004 01
Bulgaria 10 1 10 2008 01
Cyprus 10 1 10 2004 05
Czech Republic 10 1 10 2004 05
Denmark 10 1 10 2004 01
Estonia 10 1 10 2006 06
Finland 10 1 10 2004 01
France 10 1 10 2004 01
Germany 10 1 10 2004 01
Greece 10 1 10 2007 01
Hungary 10 1 10 2004 04
Iceland 10 1 10 2004 01
Ireland 10 1 10 2003 09
Italy 10 1 10 2004 01
Latvia 10 1 10 2004 10
Liechtenstein 10 1 10 2004 10
Lithuania 10 1 10 2004 06
Luxembourg 10 1 10 2004 01
Malta 10 1 10 2004 04
Netherlands 10 1 10 2004 01
Norway 10 1 10 2004 01
Poland 10 1 10 2004 03
Portugal 10 1 10 2004 01
Romania 10 1 10 2007 01
Slovakia 10 1 10 2006 07
Slovenia 10 1 10 2004 01
Spain 10 1 10 2004 01
Sweden 10 1 10 2004 01
 Switzerland 10 1 10 2004 10
United Kingdom 10 1 10 2003 09

(All values in mg/cigarette.)

Current regulations are based on European Union directive "2001/37" (PDF). (220 KiB). All yields must be indicated on the side of the pack with a minimum surface area of 10%, except for Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, Luxembourg, Malta (12%), Liechtenstein & Switzerland (15%) and Italy (20%).

The maximum levels have been previously limited to 15 mg tar (1992), then to 12 mg tar (01-1998), without maximum levels for nicotine and CO.

Middle East

Country Tar Nicotine CO As of
Bahrain 10 0.6 12 1995 01
Jordan 10 1 15 2004 01
Kuwait 10 0.6 12 1995 01
Oman 10 0.6 12 1995 01
Palestinian Authority 25 1.6 - 2005 07
Qatar 10 0.6 12 1995 01
Saudi Arabia 10 0.6 12 1995 01
Syria 13 1.1 10.5 2007 01
Turkey 12 1 10 2007 01
UAE 10 0.6 12 1995 01
Yemen 12 0.8 - 1995 01

(All values in mg/cigarette and must be reported on packs (see exceptions below.)

The Palestinian Authority and Yemen do not require tar and nicotine values to be indicated on the packs' side.

Notes and references

  1. ^ ISO methods 3308 (general conditions), 4387 (tar), 8454 (CO) and 10315 (nicotine).
  2. ^ WHO Scientific Advisory Committee on Tobacco Product Regulation. Recommendation on Health Claims Derived from ISO/FTC Method to Measure Cigarette Yield. 2002
  3. ^ Tar/Nicotine ceilings will be gradually lowered in two-year intervals from 22/2 mg on March 17, 2008, to 16/1.4 mg on March 17, 2014
  4. ^ a b c For filter cigarettes. Non filter: 16 mg tar and 1.3 mg nicotine
  5. ^ According to the Ministry of Agriculture Draft Law, the Max. Yield of Tar/Nicotine/CO for filter cigarettes suggested to be as follows: as of 01.01.2008 - 15/1,2 (+CO regulated); as of 01.01.2010 - 12/1,0/14; as of 01.01.2012 - 10/1,0/10 respectively.
  6. ^ As of January 2008 respective T/N/CO ceilings will be 12.0, 1.3, 13.0; as of January 2009 10.0, 1.2, 12.0; as of January 2010 10.0, 1.1, 11.0; as of January 2011 10.0, 1.0, 10.0.
  7. ^ Ceiling values in Ukraine to be lowered to 12 mg and 1.2 mg/cigarette for tar and nicotine, respectively, as of Jan. 1, 2009

See also

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