Synecdoche, New York

Not to be confused with Schenectady, New York.

Synecdoche, New York
Theatrical release poster
Directed byCharlie Kaufman
Written byCharlie Kaufman
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyFrederick Elmes
Edited byRobert Frazen
Music byJon Brion
Production
companies
Sidney Kimmel Entertainment
Likely Story
Projective Testing Service
Russia Inc.
Distributed bySony Pictures Classics
Release dates
  • May 23, 2008 (2008-05-23) (Cannes)
  • October 24, 2008 (2008-10-24) (United States, limited)
Running time
123 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$20 million[2]
Box office$4.5 million[2]

Synecdoche, New York (/sɪˈnɛkdəki/ sin-EK-də-kee) is a 2008 American postmodern psychological drama film written and directed by Charlie Kaufman in his directorial debut.[3][4] It stars Philip Seymour Hoffman as Caden Cotard, a theater director whose attempt to create a massive, ever-evolving stage production begins to consume his life and blur the boundaries between fiction and reality. The title is a play on both the concept of synecdoche—a part representing a whole—and Schenectady, New York, where much of the story is set.

The film premiered in competition at the 61st Cannes Film Festival on May 23, 2008, and was acquired for U.S. distribution by Sony Pictures Classics. It was released in limited theaters on October 24, 2008, and was a commercial failure, though international sales helped offset its production costs.[5][6][2]

Synecdoche, New York received polarized reviews upon release. Some critics praised it as a bold and emotionally resonant meditation on mortality and artistic obsession, while others found it pretentious and inaccessible. The film was nominated for the Palme d'Or at Cannes and has since been reassessed by many critics, appearing in several polls of the greatest films of the 21st century. Roger Ebert named it the best film of the decade.[7][8][9]

Plot

Caden Cotard, a theater director living in Schenectady, New York, finds his life unraveling both physically and emotionally. Plagued by unexplained medical problems, he grows increasingly distant from his artist wife, Adele, who specializes in miniature painting. When therapy fails to mend their strained relationship, Adele leaves for Berlin with their young daughter, Olive, effectively ending their marriage.

After the success of his production of Death of a Salesman, Caden receives a MacArthur Fellowship, giving him the resources to undertake a new theatrical project. He envisions a sprawling, brutally honest play that mirrors the banality and pain of everyday life. Renting a massive warehouse in Manhattan's Theater District, he begins constructing a life-size replica of the city and recruits actors to live and perform in it, blurring the boundary between performance and reality.

As the project expands over decades, so does Caden's confusion between his personal life and the production. He briefly pursues a relationship with Hazel, a box office employee who lives in a perpetually burning house, but instead marries Claire, an actress in the play. Their marriage deteriorates, and Caden becomes increasingly isolated, obsessively refining his theatrical world. Meanwhile, Adele becomes a renowned artist and Olive grows up estranged from her father.

To better externalize his own experience, Caden casts an actor named Sammy to portray him in the production. Sammy, who claims to have observed Caden for years, eventually mimics him so completely that he casts a double of himself in turn. The warehouse becomes a labyrinth populated by actors playing actors, with roles recursively reflecting real and imagined people in Caden's life.

Caden encounters hallucinated or symbolic versions of Olive, who accuses him of abandonment on her deathbed. Hazel returns to work for him, and they begin a romantic relationship, but she later dies from prolonged exposure to smoke in her burning house. Devastated by Hazel’s rejection, Sammy kills himself in the warehouse.

As Caden grows older and increasingly debilitated, he allows an actress—originally cast as the housekeeper, Ellen—to take over as director. Caden takes the role of Ellen, receiving instructions through an earpiece as he performs menial tasks in a replica of Adele's apartment. Outside the warehouse, the world appears to fall into ruin, while inside, the set becomes desolate and filled with the bodies of the cast and crew.

In the film's final moments, Caden rests his head on the shoulder of an actress who once portrayed Ellen's mother. As a new idea for the play forms in his mind, the voice in his earpiece—now acting as director—gives him his final stage direction: "Die."

Cast

Production

Development

After the success of his screenplays for Being John Malkovich (1999), Adaptation (2002), and Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004)—all of which earned Academy Award nominations—Charlie Kaufman was approached by Sony Pictures Classics to develop a horror film with director Spike Jonze.[10] Rather than focus on genre conventions, the two began exploring themes rooted in personal fears and existential anxieties. This project gradually evolved into Synecdoche, New York.

Jonze was originally set to direct, but ultimately departed to helm Where the Wild Things Are (2009).[11] Kaufman directed the film himself, making his directorial debut. As a first-time director, he lost the backing of Sony Pictures Classics, and the project was picked up by Sidney Kimmel Entertainment, which provided a production budget of $20 million. Kaufman later said the film's ambitions exceeded its modest budget, resulting in creative and logistical challenges during production.

Casting

Philip Seymour Hoffman was cast as Caden Cotard. The supporting cast includes Samantha Morton, Michelle Williams, Catherine Keener, Emily Watson, Dianne Wiest, Hope Davis, and Tom Noonan. Several actors play layered roles or doubles of other characters, in line with the film's themes of identity and recursive storytelling. The cast underwent progressive aging through makeup and prosthetics to reflect the passage of decades.

Filming

Principal photography took place in a converted armory, where the majority of the film's elaborate interior sets were constructed. Due to the building’s conditions, temperatures often became uncomfortably high, and the aging prosthetics worn by cast members trapped heat and perspiration. Kaufman, who has claustrophobia, was briefly trapped in an elevator with several crew members during the shoot—an incident reflecting the film’s recurring motifs of anxiety and physical confinement.

Themes and motifs

The burning house

Early in the film, Hazel buys a house that is perpetually on fire. At first showing reluctance to buy it, Hazel remarks to the real estate agent, "I like it, I do. But I'm really concerned about dying in the fire," to which the agent responds, "It's a big decision, how one prefers to die." In an interview with Michael Guillén, Kaufman said, "Well, she made the choice to live there. In fact, she says in the scene just before she dies that the end is built into the beginning. That's exactly what happens there. She chooses to live in this house. She's afraid it's going to kill her but she stays there and it does. That is the truth about any choice that we make. We make choices that resonate throughout our lives."[12] The burning house has been compared to Tennessee Williams's line "We all live in a house on fire, no fire department to call; no way out, just the upstairs window to look out of while the fire burns the house down with us trapped, locked in it."[13] It has also been said that the house is a reference to Jungian psychology. In an interview, Kaufman mentioned that a Jungian scholar sees the house as a representation of the self.[14]

The end is built into the beginning

The film continuously brings up the phrase "The end is built into the beginning", which refers to death's connection to birth. This is emphasized by how most of time is spent being not yet born or being dead, and how life is a fraction of a second in comparison. Another connection to this theme is the film's starting and ending with a fade-in to a grey screen.[15]

Miniature paintings and the impossible warehouses

Caden and Adele are artists, and the scale on which they both work becomes increasingly relevant to the story. Adele works on an extremely small scale, while Caden works on an impossibly large scale, constructing a full-size replica of New York City in a warehouse, and eventually a warehouse within that warehouse, and so on, continuing in this impossible cycle. Adele's name is almost a mondegreen for "a delicate art" (Adele Lack Cotard). Commenting on the scale of the paintings (actually the miniaturized paintings of artist Alex Kanevsky),[16] Kaufman said, "In [Adele's] studio at the beginning of the movie you can see some small but regular-sized paintings that you could see without a magnifying glass ... By the time [Caden] goes to the gallery to look at her work, which is many years later, you can't see them at all." He continued, "As a dream image it appeals to me. Her work is in a way much more effective than Caden's work. Caden's goal in his attempt to do his sprawling theater piece is to impress Adele because he feels so lacking next to her in terms of his work", and added, "Caden's work is so literal. The only way he can reflect reality in his mind is by imitating it full-size ... It's a dream image but he's not interacting with it successfully."[12]

Jungian psychology

Many reviewers believe Kaufman's writing is influenced by Jungian psychology.[12][17][18][19] Carl Jung wrote that the waking and dream states are both necessary in the quest for meaning. Caden often appears to exist in a combination of the two. Kaufman has said, "I think the difference is that a movie that tries to be a dream has a punchline and the punchline is: it was a dream."[12][14] Another concept in Jungian psychology is the four steps to self-realization: becoming conscious of the shadow (recognizing the constructive and destructive sides), of the anima and animus (where a man becomes conscious of his female component and a woman becomes conscious of her male component), of the archetypal spirit (where humans take on their mana personalities), and finally self-realization (where a person is fully aware of the ego and the self). Caden seems to go through all four stages. When he hires Sammy, he learns of his true personality and becomes more aware of himself. He shows awareness of his anima when replacing himself with Ellen and telling Tammy that his persona would have made him more adept in womanhood than in manhood. In taking on the role of Ellen, he becomes conscious of the archetypal spirit and finally realizes truths about his life and about love.

References to delusion

In the Cotard delusion, one believes oneself to be dead or that one's organs are missing or decaying.[20] Caden's preoccupation with illness and dying seems related.

When Caden enters Adele's flat, the buzzer pressed (31Y) bears the name "Capgras". Capgras delusion is a psychiatric disorder in which sufferers perceive familiar people (spouses, siblings, friends) to have been replaced by identical imposters. This theme is echoed throughout the film as people are replaced by actors in Caden's play.

In the closing scenes of the film, Caden hears instructions by earpiece. This is similar to the auditory third-person hallucination described by Kurt Schneider as a first-rank symptom of schizophrenia.[21]

Play within a play

The film is meta-referential in that it portrays a play within a play, sometimes also called mise en abyme.

This theme has been compared to William Shakespeare's line "All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players."[22][23] It has also been compared to the music video for Icelandic singer Björk's song "Bachelorette",[23][24] which portrays a woman who finds an autobiographical book about her that writes itself, which is then adapted into a play that features a play within itself. The video was directed by Michel Gondry, who also directed Kaufman's films Human Nature and Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. In an interview, Kaufman responded to the comparison, "Yeah, I heard that comparison before. The reason Michel and I found each other is because we have similar sort of ideas."[25]

Death and decay

Throughout the film Caden refers to death's inevitability and the idea that everyone is already dead. "Practically everything in Caden's grotesque existence betokens mortality and decay," Jonathan Romney of The Independent wrote, "whether it be skin lesions, garbled fax messages or the contents of people's toilet bowls."[26]

Simulacrum

Some reviewers have noted that the film seems inspired by postmodernist philosopher Jean Baudrillard's concept of simulacra and simulation.[27][28][29] One of the names Caden gives his play is Simulacrum. The Guardian suggested that the film is the "ultimate postmodern novel".[4] Baudrillard references the Jorge Luis Borges story "On Exactitude in Science" in his writings. Some commentators have compared the film's ending, when Caden is walking through his reproduction as it begins to fall apart, to the story.[16][30]

Hazel's books

Hazel's books also have significance in the film. She has Marcel Proust's Swann's Way (the first volume of In Search of Lost Time) and Franz Kafka's The Trial; both are related to the film's motifs.[13]

Release

Synecdoche, New York premiered in competition at the 61st Cannes Film Festival on May 23, 2008. Shortly after, amid the onset of the Great Recession, Sidney Kimmel Entertainment ceased operations. Sony Pictures Classics later rejoined the project and acquired domestic distribution rights. The film was released theatrically in the United States on October 24, 2008, in a limited release.[31]

Reception

Box office

Synecdoche, New York emerged as a commercial failure. On a $20 million budget, the film grossed just over $3.08 million domestically and about $1.3 million internationally, for a total of around $4.38 million. Its limited theatrical release—premiering in just nine theaters and expanding to 119—resulted in modest daily returns. The opening weekend brought in just $172,194.[32][33][34]

Critical reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 69% approval rating based on 195 reviews, with an average score of 6.8 / 10. The consensus praises Kaufman's ambition and insight into the creative process while acknowledging its occasional emotional distance.[35] Metacritic reports a score of 67 out of 100 from 34 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[36] Many critics compared the film to Federico Fellini’s 8½ (1963), noting its self-referential theatrical complexity.[18][37][38]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film four stars and later named it the best film of the 2000s, writing, "I watched it the first time and knew it was a great film... Using a neurotic theater director... it encompasses every life and how it copes and fails... it's about you."[39] Manohla Dargis of The New York Times called it "one of the best films of the year", praising its ambition, emotional depth, and conceptual sophistication.[27] Carina Chocano of the Los Angeles Times called it "wildly ambitious... sprawling, awe‑inspiring, heartbreaking, frustrating, hard‑to‑follow and achingly, achingly sad."[16]

Some critics were highly critical of the film's complexity and tone. Rex Reed, Richard Brody,[40] and Roger Friedman[41] named Synecdoche, New York among the worst films of 2008. Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave it a D+ and criticized Kaufman's meta-narrative as "the structure of psychosis".[42] Critic Jonathan Rosenbaum likened it to "an illustration of his script" and suggested Kaufman needed a collaborator like Spike Jonze or Michel Gondry.[43]

Rankings

Despite its box-office failure, Synecdoche, New York has earned enduring critical acclaim.[44] The Moving Arts Film Journal ranked it 80th on its list of "The 100 Greatest Movies of All Time". The film appeared on 101 critics' year-end "Best of 2008" lists, with 20 of those naming it the best film of the year, including critics from The Hollywood Reporter and The Austin Chronicle. Roger Ebert later named it the best film of the decade.[45][46]

The film has since been recognized in several major critics' polls. In the 2012 Sight and Sound critics' poll, four critics included Synecdoche, New York in their top ten films of all time.[7][47] Also in 2012, Time magazine's Richard Corliss ranked it seventh on his list of the "Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)".[48] In 2016, a BBC poll of film critics ranked the film as the 20th-greatest of the 21st century.[9] The Guardian ranked it seventh on its 2019 list of the 100 best films of the 21st century.[49] In 2025, it was one of the films voted for the "Readers' Choice" edition of The New York Times' list of "The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century," finishing at number 101.[50]

Accolades

Award Date of the ceremony Category Recipients Result Ref.
Cannes Film Festival 14–25 May 2008 Palme d'Or Synecdoche, New York Nominated [51]
Caméra d'Or Charlie Kaufman Nominated
Gotham Awards 2 December 2008 Best Feature Synecdoche, New York Nominated [52]
Best Ensemble Cast Hope Davis, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Catherine Keener, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Samantha Morton, Tom Noonan, Emily Watson, Dianne Wiest, and Michelle Williams Won
Los Angeles Film Critics Association 9 December 2008 Best Screenplay Charlie Kaufman Nominated [53]
Best Production Design Mark Friedberg Won
Austin Film Critics Association 16 December 2008 Top 10 Films Synecdoche, New York 4th place [54]
Best Original Screenplay Charlie Kaufman Won
Chicago Film Critics Association 18 December 2008 Best Original Screenplay Nominated [55]
National Society of Film Critics 3 January 2009 Best Screenplay Nominated [56]
Online Film Critics Society 19 January 2009 Best Original Screenplay Nominated
Best Breakthrough Filmmaker Nominated
Independent Spirit Awards 21 February 2009 Best Screenplay Nominated [57]
Best First Feature Synecdoche, New York Won

Influence

Several critics have made comparisons between Synecdoche, New York and the American docu-comedy television series The Rehearsal (2022), created by Nathan Fielder, noting parallels in their exploration of simulation, control, and recursive self-representation.[58][59]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Synecdoche, New York (15)". British Board of Film Classification. April 16, 2009. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  2. ^ a b c "Synecdoche, New York (2008)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  3. ^ Jeffries, Stuart (May 12, 2009). "Two tickets for, er, Syne ... er ... that new film please". The Guardian. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  4. ^ a b Hoby, Hermione (May 13, 2009). "The ultimate postmodern novel is a film". The Guardian. London. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  5. ^ Horn, John (May 14, 2009). "Sony Classics' Michael Barker and Tom Bernard take the long view of success". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  6. ^ Schuker, Lauren A.E.; Sanders, Peter (September 3, 2008). "Glut of Films Hits Hollywood". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  7. ^ a b Ebert, Roger (December 30, 2009). "The Best Films of the Decade". RogerEbert.com.
  8. ^ "The 100 best films of the 21st century". The Guardian. September 13, 2019.
  9. ^ a b "The 21st Century's 100 greatest films". BBC. August 22, 2016.
  10. ^ "Synecdoche, New York: A Great Film About the Upcoming Zombie Apocalypse?". Blog.WorldMaker.net. May 18, 2009. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  11. ^ Fernandez, Jay A. (September 13, 2006). "Reading Charlie Kaufman's Next Project". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 24, 2007.
  12. ^ a b c d Guillen, Michael (October 23, 2008). "Synecdoche, New York—Interview with Charlie Kaufman". TwitchFilm.net. Archived from the original on September 7, 2010.
  13. ^ a b "FAQ for Synecdoche, New York (2008)". IMDb. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  14. ^ a b Laurier, Joanne (December 1, 2008). "Clever, all too clever: Charlie Kaufman's Synecdoche, New York". World Socialist Web Site.
  15. ^ "The Genius of Synecdoche, New York (Part 1)". YouTube. December 31, 2014. Archived from the original on December 18, 2021.
  16. ^ a b c Chocano, Carina (October 24, 2008). "Review: 'Synecdoche, New York'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 6, 2015.
  17. ^ "The Life of the Mined: On Synecdoche, New York (Part 2)". FilmBrain.com. Archived from the original on December 16, 2008.
  18. ^ a b Stone, Alan A. (January 2009). "The Mind's Eye: Charlie Kaufman's Synecdoche, New York". Boston Review. Archived from the original on December 13, 2010. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  19. ^ "Of Font & Film: The fine art of dying". News Herald. March 22, 2009. Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
  20. ^ Berrios, GE; Luque, R (1995). "Cotard's syndrome: analysis of 100 cases". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 91 (3): 185–8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09764.x. PMID 7625193. S2CID 8764432.
  21. ^ Schneider, Kurt (1959). Clinical Psychopathology. Translated by Hamilton, M.W. (5th ed.). Grune & Stratton.
  22. ^ Zacharek, Stephanie (October 24, 2008). "Movie review: 'Synecdoche, New York'". Salon.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
  23. ^ a b Manteris, Nick. "Synecdoche, New York". Las Vegas Critics. Archived from the original on November 26, 2010. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  24. ^ Rocchi, James (May 23, 2008). "Cannes Review: Synecdoche, New York". Cinematical. Archived from the original on February 7, 2009. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
  25. ^ Rahimi, Yama (October 22, 2008). "Interview: Charlie Kaufman (Synecdoche, New York)". IONCINEMA.com. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  26. ^ Romney, Jonathan (May 17, 2009). "Synecdoche, New York, Charlie Kaufman, 124 mins, 15". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on May 21, 2009. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
  27. ^ a b Dargis, Manohla (October 23, 2008). "Dreamer, Live in the Here and Now". The New York Times. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  28. ^ "Synecdoche, New York: Welcome to the Simulacra". The Village Voice. November 13, 2008. Archived from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  29. ^ Stevens, Dana (October 24, 2008). "Charlie Kaufman's Synecdoche, New York, reviewed". Slate. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
  30. ^ Wiles, William (August 14, 2009). "Synecdoche, New York". IconEye. Archived from the original on August 4, 2014.
  31. ^ MUBI (December 21, 2024). SYNECDOCHE, NEW YORK — Charlie Kaufman’s movie of a lifetime | MUBI Podcast. Retrieved April 7, 2025 – via YouTube.
  32. ^ "Synecdoche, New York (2008) - Financial Information". The Numbers. Retrieved June 13, 2025.
  33. ^ Kaufman, Charlie (February 5, 2009), Synecdoche, New York (Drama), Philip Seymour Hoffman, Samantha Morton, Michelle Williams, Sidney Kimmel Entertainment, Likely Story, Projective Testing Service, retrieved June 13, 2025
  34. ^ "Synecdoche, New York (2008)". Bomb Report. Retrieved June 13, 2025.
  35. ^ "Synecdoche, New York". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved January 14, 2022.
  36. ^ "Synecdoche, New York Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
  37. ^ Schiffelbein, Will (May 3, 2009). "Is Synecdoche New York an Unintentional Rip Off of Fellini's 8½?". FirstShowing.net. Retrieved July 4, 2021.
  38. ^ Morris, Wesley (July 11, 2008). "Suffering for his art". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on November 10, 2008.
  39. ^ Ebert, Roger (November 5, 2008). "Synecdoche, New York movie review (2008)". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved July 4, 2021.
  40. ^ Kois, Dan (January 5, 2009). "Vulture's Critics' Poll: The Complete Ballots". Vulture. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  41. ^ Friedman, Roger (December 23, 2008). "The Worst Films of 2008". Fox News. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  42. ^ Gleiberman, Owen (October 24, 2008). "Synecdoche, New York". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 4, 2021.
  43. ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan (October 16, 2008). "Synecdoche, New York". JonathanRosenbaum.net. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  44. ^ "Film Critic Top Ten Lists: 2008 Critics' Picks". Metacritic. Archived from the original on January 2, 2009.
  45. ^ "Best of 2008". CriticsTop10. February 13, 2008. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  46. ^ Ebert, Roger (April 26, 2012). "The greatest films of all time". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on April 6, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
  47. ^ "Synecdoche, New York (2008)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
  48. ^ Corliss, Richard (May 15, 2012). "Synecdoche, New York, 2008". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  49. ^ Bradshaw, Peter; Clarke, Cath; Pulver, Andrew; Shoard, Catherine (September 13, 2019). "The 100 best films of the 21st Century". The Guardian. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  50. ^ "Readers Choose Their Top Movies of the 21st Century". The New York Times. Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  51. ^ "Official Selection2008". Festival de Cannes. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2025.
  52. ^ Itzkoff, Compiled by Dave (December 3, 2008). "Gotham Award Winners". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 13, 2025.
  53. ^ Billington, Alex (December 9, 2008). "Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards for 2008 | FirstShowing.net". www.firstshowing.net. Retrieved June 13, 2025.
  54. ^ "Austin Film Critics Awards 2008". www.austinchronicle.com. Retrieved June 13, 2025.
  55. ^ Adam. "Chicago Film Critics Awards - 2008-". www.chicagofilmcritics.org. Archived from the original on February 24, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2025.
  56. ^ Brooks, Brian (January 3, 2009). ""Waltz" and "Lucky" Take National Society of Film Critics Honors". IndieWire. Retrieved June 13, 2025.
  57. ^ Siegel, Tatiana (February 21, 2009). "'The Wrestler' tops Spirit Awards". Variety. Retrieved June 13, 2025.
  58. ^ Nayman, Adam (July 9, 2022). "In 'The Rehearsal,' Nathan Fielder's surreal comic genius takes a metaphysical turn". Toronto Star. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  59. ^ D'Addario, Daniel (July 11, 2022). "Nathan Fielder's HBO Series 'The Rehearsal' Makes Uncomfortable Art From Mockery: TV Review". Variety. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Synecdoche, New York.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.