Svitiaz

Svitiaz
Svitiaz
Svitiaz
LocationShatsk National Natural Park, Kovel Raion, Volyn Oblast
GroupShatsky Lakes
Coordinates51°30′N 23°46′E / 51.500°N 23.767°E / 51.500; 23.767
Basin countriesUkraine
Max. length9.3 km (5.8 mi)
Max. width8 km (5.0 mi)
Surface area25.2 km2 (9.7 sq mi)
Average depth6.9 m (23 ft)
Max. depth58.4 m (192 ft)
Water volume180×10^6 m3 (150,000 acre⋅ft)
Islands1 (7 ha or 17 acres)

Svitiaz (Ukrainian: Світязь [ˈs⁽ʲ⁾witʲɐzʲ]; Belarusian: Свіцязь; Polish: Świtaź; Russian: Свитязь) is a freshwater lake located in Ukraine, in the Volyn Oblast. It is the deepest lake in Ukraine. Svityaz has a maximum depth of 58.4 meters and an area of 25.2 km2.

The lake was created through karst processes in the Chalk rocks of the Mesozoic era. The lake is one of the Shatsk Lakes group, which are located in the Shatsk National Natural Park.

The lake is located among the pine forests of Volyn Polissya. The lake is located in a temperate climatic zone with warm summers and cold winters. In summer, the water temperature of the lake warms up to more than 20C, in cold winters the lake freezes.

The water quality in Lake Svityaz is high, the water does not have harmful chemical elements.

Svityaz is a popular place for recreational tourism, especially for children.

Description

Lake Svityaz is located in the Kovel Raion of the Volyn region in the north-west of Ukraine, near the border of Poland and Belarus.[1]

The lake is 9.3 km long, with a maximum width of 4.8 km. The area of the water mirror is 27.k km², the volume is 0.180 km³. The coastline is over 30 km long, the beach area is well defined, the width of the sandy beaches ranges from 5 to 60 m. The maximum depth is 58.4 m, the average depth is 6.3 meters. The water mirror edge is located at 163 m above sea level. The lake has two bays: Luka and Buzhnya (maximum depth 4.3 m). [2][3]

The lake, like all Shatsk lakes, is located on the left bank of the Western Bug (Vistula basin). Svityaz is a sewage lake, through a channel the water from it enters Lake Luky, and then to the tributaries of the Western Bug.[4][5]

The lake is located in the Polesian Lowland, among the pine forests of Volyn Polissya. The territory around the lake has a landscape of alluvial-outwash lowlands with sod-podzolic soils. In the area of the lake, there are Quaternary lake-swamp deposits of the Holocene: silt, sapropel, peat.[6]

Svytyaz is located in a temperate climatic zone with an average annual air temperature of 8°C, the average temperature in June is 19°C, in January ― -5°C , the average amount of precipitation is more than 600 mm.[7] In the summer, the water can warm up to 23°C (surface layer), a sharp change in water temperature is observed from depths of more than 3 m.[8]

Lake Svityaz is fed by groundwater of the Cretaceous horizon, atmospheric precipitation and surface runoff, the area of which is not large, namely 43.6 sq. km. [3][5][9]

The nearest settlements are Svityaz and Shatsk.[10]

Lake basin

The lake basin was created by karst and glacial processes. The relief of the lake basin is complex, there are shoals, depressions of various depths and karst funnels. Bathymetric studies of Lake Svityaz have shown that the bottom has several karst funnels with depths of 38 m, 37 m, 32 m, 20 m, 17 m, 15 m and 14 m. The lake is considered deep, although the coastal zone has shallow water. The lake has a deep-water northwestern part and a shallow eastern part. Almost in the middle of the lake there is an island with an area of 7 hectares.[11]

Water quality

In Lake Svityaz, the water is of high quality: hydrocarbonate-calcium with a slightly alkaline pH, soft, clean, rich in silver ions and glycerin. The lake has a high transparency from 3 to 5.4 m, sometimes it can reach a depth of up to 8 m. There are no economic enterprises around the lake, it is located in a nature conservation area, so pollution is minimal, and for some chemical elements it is completely absent.[12]

Flora and fauna

The phytoplankton of Lake Svityaz has 40 species of algae, with the greatest diversity being desmid and desmid algae.[3] Among the aquatic vegetation along the coast, phragmites australis, typha latifolia, carex lasiocarpa, white waterlily, canadian elodea are common. The lake is home to eel, bream, carp, catfish, crucian carp, and coregonus. [10]

Shatsk National Nature Park, which includes Lake Svityaz, was established by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR dated December 28, 1983 No. 533.[13]

Tourism

The only transport to the lake is by car. The main access road Kovel - Lyuboml - Berestya (Belarus), which runs through Shatsky Park from south to north, allows access to the recreational areas around the lake.[14]

A recreation infrastructure is being developed on the basis of Shatsky Lakes: tourist complexes, boarding houses, cottages have been built, roads have been laid, catering establishments have been equipped, etc. The shallow coastal zone of the lake warms up better in the warm season, and the sandy beaches and clear water create conditions for recreational tourism, especially for children.[15]

Fish farming and fishing are developed on the lake.[16][10]

An ecological trail "Svityazyanka" has been created in the Shatsk National Nature Park, which runs along the southern shore of the lake.[17]

The Svityaz Donut Festival

The Svityaz Donut Festival has been held on the shores of Lake Svityaz since 2018. At the festival, you could taste the local authentic pastry "Svityaz Donut" with various fillings. Also, during the festival, performances by folklore groups and individual performers, exhibitions were held.[18] [19] The Svityaz Donut was included in the regional list of elements of intangible heritage of the Volyn region in 2024.[20]

Ecology

Anthropogenic load during the tourist season has a strong impact on the ecology of Sitiazy, because the tourist infrastructure around the lake is overloaded, and some buildings do not meet sanitary and recreational standards. Garbage dumps, construction in coastal areas, the arrival of vehicles and their washing near the lake are problems that have not yet been solved.[21] The main sources of pollution of surface and groundwater have now become municipal waste from residents of neighboring settlements and tourists.[3]

The growth of economic activity of the Khotislavsky sand-chalk deposit (Belarus), located near Lake Svityaz, may cause an environmental problem, namely a decrease in the water level in the Shatskie Lakes.[22]

  • Shore of Lake Svityaz
  • The clear water of Lake Svityaz
  • Nature of Lake Svityaz
  • Nature of Lake Svityaz
  • Island of Lake Svityaz
  • Shore of Lake Svityaz
  • Spring on Svityaz
  • On the shore
  • Dawn on Svityaz
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lake Svitiaz.

References

  1. ^ Національний атлас України, с. 42 Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  2. ^ Національний атлас України, с. 184 Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  3. ^ a b c d ОЗЕРО СВІТЯЗЬ (ОПИС) Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  4. ^ "Моніторинг якості поверхневих вод басейнів річок Західного Бугу та Сяну у квітні 2025 р. – Басейнове управління водних ресурсів річок Західного Бугу та Сяну Державне агентство водних ресурсів України" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2025-06-21.
  5. ^ a b Природа Волинської області / за ред. К. І. Геренчука. − Львів : Вища шк., 1975. − 147 с. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  6. ^ Національний атлас України, с. 114 Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  7. ^ Національний атлас України, с. 167 Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  8. ^ "Клімат". Шацький національний природний парк (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  9. ^ Основні аспекти морфометрії та гідрохімії Шацьких озер / В. К. Хільчевський, М. Р. Забокрицька // Гідрологія, гідрохімія і гідроекологія. - 2020. - № 3. - С. 92-100 Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  10. ^ a b c "о. Світязь | Регіональний офіс водних ресурсів у Волинські області". vodres.gov.ua. Retrieved 2025-06-21.
  11. ^ Батиметричні дослідження озера Світязь: минуле, сучасніть та перспективи/ Альохіна О. В., Корусь М. М., Кошовий В. В., Мельник М. М., Муравський Л. І., Сидорук І. В., Юрчук П. В. (2014) Природа Західного Полісся та прилеглих територій: збірник наукових праць (11). С. 24–32. ISSN 2227-3220 Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  12. ^ Хільчевський В.К. Основи гідрохімії: підручник/В.К. Хільчевський, В.І. Осадчий, С.М. Курило. – К.: Ніка-Центр, 2012. – 312 с., 24 c. кольор. вкл. ISBN 978-966-521-559-2
  13. ^ "Про парк". Шацький національний природний парк (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2025-06-21.
  14. ^ "Як добратись у Шацький національний природний парк". Шацький національний природний парк (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2025-06-21.
  15. ^ "Туристичний збір, перепустки й безпека: що потрібно знати туристам про Світязь". Суспільне | Новини (in Ukrainian). 2024-07-03. Retrieved 2025-06-21.
  16. ^ "Організація спортивнго-любительского рибальства на Шацьких озерах (НАКАЗ)". Відпочинок на Світязі (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2025-06-21.
  17. ^ "Світязянка". Шацький національний природний парк (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2025-06-21.
  18. ^ "Фестиваль пончиків на Світязі: як це було. ФОТО". Перший канал соціальних новин. 2018-07-14. Retrieved 2025-06-21.
  19. ^ "На Світязі відгуляли фестиваль знаменитих пончиків. ФОТО". ВолиньPost. Retrieved 2025-06-21.
  20. ^ "Світязький пончик — нематеріальна спадщина Волині — Шуба". shuba.life (in Ukrainian). 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2025-06-21.
  21. ^ Cучасний стан та екологічні проблеми озера Світязь Retrieved 2025-06-21.
  22. ^ Екологічна проблема Шацького національного природного парку/ О. Мороз, З. Тартачинська, Т. Качмар.- Cучасні досягнення геодезичної науки та виробництва, випуск ІІ (30), 2015, 2017 р. Retrieved 2025-06-21.

Bibliography

  • Національний атлас України/НАН України, Інститут географії, Державна служба геодезії, картографії та кадастру; голов. ред. Л. Г. Руденко; голова ред. кол.Б.Є. Патон. — К.: ДНВП «Картографія», 2007. — 435 с. — 5 тис.прим. — ISBN 978-966-475-067-4.
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