List of sultans of Delhi

Sultan of Delhi
Sulṯan-i-Dihlī
Flag
Muhammad bin Tughlaq
1 February 1325 – 20 March 1351
Details
Style
First monarchQutb ud-Din Aibak
Last monarchIbrahim Khan Lodi
Formation25 June 1206
Abolition21 April 1526
(Total 319 years)
Residence
AppointerHereditary

The Sultan of Delhi was the absolute monarch of the Delhi Sultanate which stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent during the period of medieval era, for 320 years (1206–1526).[1][2] Following the conquest of India by the Ghurids, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414),[3] the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swaths of territory of modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.[4]

This list contains the rulers of Delhi Sultanate in chronological order.[5]

Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290)

Further information: Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
S/N Name of ruler Birth Date Death Date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes
1 Qutb ud-Din Aibak 1150 14 November 1210 25 June 1206 14 November 1210
2 Aram Shah 1176 June 1211 December 1210 June 1211
3 Shams ud-Din Iltutmish 1192 30 April 1236 June 1211 30 April 1236 Son-in-law of Aibak
4 Rukn ud-Din Firuz I 1211 19 November 1236 30 April 1236 19 November 1236 Son of Iltutmish
5 Jalalat ud-Din Razia 1205[6] 15 October 1240 November 1236 20 April 1240 Daughter of Iltutmish
6 Muiz ud-Din Bahram 9 July 1212 15 May 1242 20 April 1240 15 May 1242 Son of Iltutmish
7 Ala ud-Din Masud 1227 or 1232 10 June 1246 May 1242 10 June 1246 Son of Ruknuddin Firuz
8 Nasir ud-Din Mahmud I 1229 or 1230 18 February 1266 10 June 1246 18 February 1266 Grandson of Iltutmish
9 Ghiyas ud-Din Balban 1216 13 January 1287 18 February 1266 13 January 1287 Turkish noble in the court of Iltutmish
10 Muiz ud-Din Qaiqabad 1269 1 February 1290 13 January 1287 1 February 1290 Grandson of Balban
11 Shams ud-Din Kayumars 1285/1287 13 June 1290 1 February 1290 13 June 1290 Son of Qaiqabad

Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290–1320)

Further information: Khalji dynasty
S/N Name Birth date Death date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes
12 Jalal ud-Din Khalji 1220 19 July 1296 13 June 1290 19 July 1296
– Rukn ud-Din Ibrahim
(titular) 		unknown 1297 19 July 1296 November 1296 Son of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. He ruled for a short time, not always indicating his names on the lists.
13 Ala ud-Din Khalji 1266 4 January 1316 19 July 1296 4 January 1316 Nephew of Jalal-ud-din Khalji
14 Shihab ud-Din Omar 1310 or 1311 14 April 1316 5 January 1316 14 April 1316 Son of Alauddin Khalji
15 Qutb ud-Din Mubarak I 1299 9 July 1320 14 April 1316 1 May 1320 Son of Alauddin Khalji

Outside of the dynasties (1320)

S/N Name Birth date Death date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes
16 Nasir ud-Din Khusrau unknown 1320 10 July 1320 5 September 1320 He ruled for a short time and did not establish a dynasty.

Tughluq dynasty (1320–1414)

Further information: Tughluq dynasty
S/N Name Birth date Death date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes
17 Ghiyas ud-Din Tughluq I unknown 1 February 1325 8 September 1320 1 February 1325
18 Muhammad II bin Tughluq c. 1290 20 March 1351 1 February 1325 20 March 1351 Son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
19 Firuz III Shah Tughluq 1309 20 September 1388 23 March 1351 20 September 1388 Son-in-law of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
20 Ghiyas ud-Din Tughluq II unknown 14 March 1389 20 September 1388 14 March 1389 Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
21 Abu Bakr Shah unknown after 1390 15 March 1389 31 August 1390 Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
22 Nasir ud-Din Muhammad III unknown 20 January 1394 31 August 1390 20 January 1394 Son of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
23 Ala ud-Din Sikandar I unknown 8 March 1394 22 January 1394 8 March 1394 Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III
24 Nasir ud-Din Mahmud II unknown February 1413 8 March 1394 February 1413 Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III
– Nasir ud-Din Nusrat unknown 1398 or 1399 January 1395 1398 or 1399 Brother of Tughluq Khan. Mahmud Shah's anti-king, claimant to the throne, sub-ruler.

Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)

Further information: Sayyid dynasty
S/N Name Birth date Death date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes
25 Khizr Khan unknown 20 May 1421 28 May 1414 20 May 1421
26 Muiz ud-Din Mubarak II unknown 19 February 1434 21 May 1421 19 February 1434 Son of Khizr Khan
27 Muhammad Shah IV unknown 1 January 1445 February 1434 1 January 1445 Grandson of Khizr Khan
28 Ala ud-Din Alam unknown July 1478 1 January 1445 19 April 1451 Son of Muhammad Shah

Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)

Further information: Lodi dynasty
S/N Name Birth date Death date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes
29 Bahlul Khan Lodi 1420 12 July 1489 19 April 1451 12 July 1489
30 Sikandar II Khan Lodi 17 July 1458 21 November 1517 17 July 1489 21 November 1517 Son of Bahlul Lodi
31 Ibrahim Khan Lodi 1480 21 April 1526 November 1517 21 April 1526 Son of Sikandar Lodi

Family trees

Mamluk dynasty (1206-1290)

Mamluk dynasty
Qutb ud-Din
Aibak
(1)
r. 1206-1210
Aram Shah
(2)
r. 1210-1211
Shams ud-Din
Iltutmish
(3)
r. 1211-1236
Rukn ud-Din
Firuz
(4)
r. 1236		Razia
Sultana
(5)
r. 1236-1240		Muiz ud-Din
Bahram
(6)
r. 1240-1242		Nasir ud-Din
Mahmud
(8)
r. 1246-1266
Ala ud-Din
Masud
(7)
r. 1242-1246		Ghiyath ud-Din
Balban
(9)
r. 1266-1286
Nasir ud-Din
Bughra Khan
Muiz ud-Din
Qaiqabad
(10)
r. 1287-1290
Shams ud-Din
Kayumars
(11)
r. 1290

Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290-1320)

Khalji dynasty
Yughrush
Jalal ud-Din
Khalji
(12)
r. 1290-1296		Shihab ud-Din
Mas'ud
Ala ud-Din
Khalji
(13)
r. 1296-1316
Shihab ud-Din
Omar
(14)
r. 1316		Qutb ud-Din
Mubarak
(15)
r. 1316-1320		Khusrau
Khan
(16)
r. 1320

Tughluq dynasty (1320-1414)

Tughluq dynasty
Ghiyath al-Din
Tughluq I
(17)
r. 1320-1325		Malik Rajab
Muhammad
bin Tughluq
(18)
r. 1325-1351		Firuz Shah
Tughlaq
(19)
r. 1351-1388
Fateh KhanZafar KhanNasir ud-Din
Muhammad
(22)
r. 1390-1394
Ghiyath ud-Din
Tughluq II
(20)
r. 1388-1389		Abu Bakr
Shah
(21)
r. 1389-1390		Ala ud-Din
Sikandar
(23)
r. 1394		Nasir ud-Din
Mahmud
(24)
r. 1394-1414

Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451)

Sayyid dynasty
Khizr Khan
(25)
r. 1414-1421
Mubarak
Shah
(26)
r. 1421-1434		Farid Khan
Muhammad
Shah
(27)
r. 1434-1445
Ala ud-Din
Alam Shah
(28)
r. 1445-1451

Lodi dynasty (1451-1526)

Lodi dynasty
Bahlul
Khan Lodi
(29)
r. 1451-1489
Sikandar
Khan Lodi
(30)
r. 1489-1517
Ibrahim Lodi
(31)
r. 1517-1526

Sources

  • Dynastic Chart, [1] The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 2, p. 368.
  • "Sayyid dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  • Lodī dynasty - Encyclopædia Britannica
  • City List – Delhi Sultanate Rulers, First to Last
  • The Delhi Sultanate : How Many Lists of Dynasties and Rulers Delhi Sultanate?

References

  1. ^ Delhi Sultanate Archived 3 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia Britannica
  2. ^ A. Schimmel, Islam in the Indian Subcontinent, Leiden, 1980
  3. ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 68–102. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  4. ^ Chapman, Graham. "Religious vs. regional determinism: India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as inheritors of empire." Shared space: Divided space. Essays on conflict and territorial organization (1990): 106-134.
  5. ^ "سلاطین دہلی - وجود". www.wujood.com (in Urdu). Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  6. ^ Smithsonian "TIMELINES OF EVERYONE" (1st ed.). U.S. U.K.: DK. 2020. p. 63. ISBN 9781465499967.

Other literature

  • Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
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