Sternarchella
| Sternarchella | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gymnotiformes |
| Family: | Apteronotidae |
| Subfamily: | Apteronotinae |
| Genus: | C. H. Eigenmann, 1905 |
| Type species | |
| Sternarchus schotti Steindachner, 1868
| |
Sternarchella, the bulldog knifefishes, is a genus of ghost knifefishes found at depths of 2–50 m (7–164 ft) in the main channel of large rivers in South America.[1][2] Most are from the Amazon basin, but S. orthos is found both in the Amazon and Orinoco, S. orinoco is restricted to the Orinoco and S. curvioperculata restricted to the upper Paraná basin (however, the last species likely belongs in another genus, possibly Apteronotus).[2][3] They are often common in their habitat.[1][4]
They have a blunt or pointed snout (none have the greatly elongated snout found in some other knifefish), reduced pigmentation and reach up to 18.5–40.5 cm (7–16 in) in total length depending on the species.[1][2][5] They feed on invertebrates and small fish.[1]
Species
The following species are currently placed in this genus.[3][5] Two species that formerly comprised their own genus Magosternarchus were recently included in Sternarchella[2][3][6]
- Sternarchella calhamazon Lundberg, Cox Fernandes, Campos-da-Paz & Sullivan, 2013
- Sternarchella duccis Lundberg, Cox Fernandes & Albert
- Sternarchella orinoco Mago-Leccia, 1994
- Sternarchella orthos Mago-Leccia, 1994
- Sternarchella patriciae K. M. Evans, Crampton & Albert 2017
- Sternarchella raptor Lundberg, Cox Fernandes & Albert}
- Sternarchella rex Evans, Crampton & Albert 2017
- Sternarchella schotti (Steindachner, 1868)
- Sternarchella sima Starks, 1913
One taxon, Sternarchella curvioperculata, described by Manuel Pereira de Godoy in 1968 is a Species inquirenda which is probably best classified as belonging to Apteronotus.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d van der Sleen, P.; J.S. Albert, eds. (2017). Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas. Princeton University Press. p. 329. ISBN 978-0691170749.
- ^ a b c d e Evans, K.M.; W.G.R. Crampton; J.S. Albert (2017). "Taxonomic revision of the deep channel electric fish genus Sternarchella (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae), with descriptions of two new species". Neotropical Ichthyology. 15 (2): e160168. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20160168.
- ^ a b c Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Sternechella". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 25 May 2025.
- ^ Lundberg, J.G., Cox Fernandes, C., Campos-Da-Paz, R. & Sullivan, J.P. (2013): Sternarchella calhamazon n. sp., the Amazon’s most abundant species of apteronotid electric fish, with a note on the taxonomic status of Sternarchus capanemae Steindachner, 1868 (Gymnotiformes, Apteronotidae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 162: 157-173.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Sternarchella". FishBase. February 2018 version.
- ^ Ferraris Jr, C.J.; C.D. de Santana; R.P. Vari (2017). "Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types". Neotrop. Ichthyol. 15 (1). doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20160067.