Sport in the Nordic countries

Sport in the Nordic countries includes Nordic cooperation through inter-Nordic federations, Nordic championships and other events, joint bidding for international event hosting, and maintenance of Nordic records in several sports. The Nordic countries, both generally and in sports, usually considers at least Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The Faroe Islands, in some sports competing under their own flag, are considered to be part of the Nordic countries, and since the 1990s, also national governing bodies of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are considered to be part of the Nordic countries in some sports.

History

Nordic countries

During the late 18th century and early 19th century Romanticism, a Nordic thought of similarity, closeness and distinctiveness evolved.[1] When Finland was conquered by the Russian Empire, the concept of Scandinavism became more present linking Denmark and the Union between Sweden and Norway.[2] In 1907, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden founded the Nordic Interparliamentary Association.[3] When Finland became independent in 1917, the thought of a Nordic affinity returned.[3] The Nordic Council was established in 1952.[4]

Sport

Suggested in 1899, the Nordic Games were first held in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1901 and followed by six more editions until 1926. The organiser was the Swedish Central Association for the Promotion of Sports. The program focused on winter sports such as skiing and skating events but also included swimming and a long-distance equestrian event. A similar event was also held in Kristiania (now Oslo) in 1903 by a different organiser.[5]

The first decades of the 20th century saw the start of several Nordic championships and inter-Nordic competitions: in the 1900s, Nordic championships were first held in athletics, and the 1910s saw the introduction of championships in bicycle racing, wrestling, fencing, rowing, speed skating, figure skating and swimming;[6] a four-nation tennis tournament for teams, Nordiska Lawntennispokalen was introduced by Finland in 1919 and was contested between Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden;[7] the equestrian event Nordiska ryttartävlingar were introduced in 1921 with individual and team competition;[8] and in 1925 the Finland–Sweden Athletics International started.[9]

More recently, in 2011, the Nordic Indoor Athletics Match, a national team athletics competition between Finland, Norway, Sweden and a Denmark–Iceland combination was introduced.[10] The men's Nordic Futsal Cup started in 2013 with Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden[11] In 2018, a four-nation ice hockey national team competition between Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden was presented.[12]

Competitions

Nordic championships

Up until the 1940s, Nordic championships had been held in athletics, amateur wrestling, archery, road bicycle racing, track cycling, canoeing, fencing, motorcycle racing, rowing, sports shooting, swimming, figure skating (Nordic Figure Skating Championships), and speed skating. Further on, four-nation tournaments in boxing and swimming had selected Nordic champions and Nordic champions in football had also been decided through counting selected national games in football in the Nordic Football Championship.[6]

Nordic youth championships and youth events

On youth level, Nordic championships are held in several sports, e.g. athletics,[13] sailing,[14] and swimming[15] Scandinavian championships for football youth teams, namely boys' under-17 and under-19 teams, were introduced in 2016 for U19 teams and were first played in Sweden, then in Marbella, Spain. [16]

Tours and series

The Scandinavian Cup is a cross-country skiing tour featuring 2025–26 events in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden.[17] The Scandinavian Touring Car Championship is a touring-car racing championship that started in 2011.[18] The Nordic Golf League is a golf tour started in 1999, and then had 33 events in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.[19]

International event hosting

Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden unsuccessfully submitted a bid for the Euro 2008.[20] The bid, named Nordic 2008, was announced in October 2001 and would make two countries automatically qualify as hosts.[21] It featured two venues in each country with Ullevi in Gothenburg, Sweden, as the proposed venue of the final.[22] In 2002, Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet reported that there were plans to let Nordic teams play a Nordic championship to determine qualification for UEFA Euro.[23]

The same four countries unsuccessfully submitted a bid for the UEFA Women's Euro 2025.[24] The Women's Euro bid featured three venues in Sweden and two in each other country.[25] The Nordic Council stated in a press release that they supported a bid for the 2027 FIFA Women's World Cup,[26][27] however no bid was materialised.

The 2012 and 2013 men's Ice Hockey World Championships were hosted by Finland and Sweden in the Ericsson Globe, Stockholm, and the Hartwall Arena, Helsinki.[28] The 2025 edition of the tournament was hosted by Denmark and Sweden in Avicii Arena, Stockholm and Jyske Bank Boxen, Herning.[29]

The 2023 World Women's Handball Championship was hosted by Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, with two venues in each country.[30] The 2026 European Men's Handball Championship will be hosted by the same countries, with two venues in Sweden and one in each other country.[31]

Nordic federations

Sport Federation Founded Member federations Ref.

Denmark
Estonia
Faroe Islands
Finland
Iceland
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
Sweden
Athletics Nordic Athletics Denmark – – Finland Iceland – – Norway Sweden [32]
Cycle sport Nordic Cycling 1913 Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Finland Iceland Latvia Lithuania Norway Sweden [33][34]
Canoeing Nordiska Kanotförbundet 1936 Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden (1941 members) [35]
Fencing Nordic Fencing Union 1993 Denmark Estonia – Finland Iceland Latvia Lithuania Norway Sweden [36][37]
Gymnastics Nordens Gymnastikförbund 1919 nine federations in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden (1940); as of 2025, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden cooperates [38][39]
Motorcycle racing Nordiska Motorcykel Förbundet 1925 Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden (1943 members) [40]
Powerlifting Nordic Powerlifting Federation 1975 Denmark – – Finland Iceland – – Norway Sweden [41][42]
Rowing Nordic Rowing Federation 1910 Denmark – Faroe Islands Finland Iceland – – Norway Sweden [43][44]
Sailing Nordic Sailing Federation 1915[a] Denmark Estonia – Finland Iceland Latvia Lithuania Norway Sweden [45][46]
Swimming Nordic Swimming Federation Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Finland Iceland Latvia Lithuania Norway Sweden [47]
Weightlifting Nordic Weightlifting Federation 1940 Denmark – Faroe Islands Finland Iceland – – Norway Sweden [48]

Nordic records

Nordic records are maintained in several sports, e.g. athletics,[49] powerlifting,[50] swimming,[51] and weightlifting.[52]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ as the Scandinavian Yacht Racing Union

References

Citations

  1. ^ Johansson 2003, p. 17.
  2. ^ Johansson 2003, p. 19.
  3. ^ a b Johansson 2003, p. 20.
  4. ^ Johansson 2003, p. 21.
  5. ^ Edgeworth, Ron (1994). "The Nordic Games and the Origins of the Olympic Winter Games" (PDF). Citius, Altius, Fortius: The ISOH Journal. 2 (2): 29–37.
  6. ^ a b Thunvik, Sten (1943). "Nordiska mästerskap" [Nordic championships]. Nordisk familjeboks sportlexikon: uppslagsverk för sport, gymnastik och friluftsliv. Band 5 Lahtis–Röhse (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlag. p. 667.
  7. ^ Stenberg, Folke; Thunvik, Sten (1943). "Nordiska Lawntennispokalen". Nordisk familjeboks sportlexikon: uppslagsverk för sport, gymnastik och friluftsliv. Band 5 Lahtis–Röhse (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlag. p. 666–667.
  8. ^ Martin, Frank (1943). "Nordiska ryttartävlingar". Nordisk familjeboks sportlexikon: uppslagsverk för sport, gymnastik och friluftsliv. Band 5 Lahtis–Röhse (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlag. p. 668–669.
  9. ^ "Fakta: Finnkampens mörka historia". Radiosporten. 24 August 2019.
  10. ^ "Friidrott: Guide: Nordenkampen i friidrott". SVT Sport. 6 February 2019.
  11. ^ "Futsallandslaget med i nordisk turnering". Norwegian Football Federation. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013.
  12. ^ "Startar nordisk turnering för landslagen". Hockeysverige.se. 19 May 2018.
  13. ^ Nilsson, Linnea (10 August 2018). "Nordiska JM i friidrott i helgen – i Gävle".
  14. ^ "Nordic Championship". Nordic Sailing Federation.
  15. ^ "Nordic Championships". Nordic Swimming Federation.
  16. ^ "Skandinaviska Mästerskapen spelas i två åldersklasser i höst". Swedish Professional Football Leagues. 26 April 2022.
  17. ^ "Scandinavian Cup – Cross Country". Norwegian Ski Federation.
  18. ^ Nilsson, L.-G. (3 November 2009). "STCC blir skandinaviskt". Auto Motor & Sport.
  19. ^ "Nordiska ligan" [The Nordic league]. Svensk Golf. No. 5. 1999. p. 186.
  20. ^ "EM 2008 till Schweiz/Österrike". Dagens Nyheter. 12 December 2002.
  21. ^ "Nordic states to bid for Euro 2008". The Irish Times.
  22. ^ "Ullevi byggs ut vid nordiskt EM". Radiosporten. 29 August 2002.
  23. ^ Laul, Robert (10 December 2002). "Nordiskt mästerskap – för två platser i EM". Aftonbladet.
  24. ^ Danielson Frost, Oskar J. P.; Andersson, Viktor (4 April 2023). "Fotboll: Fotbolls-EM 2025 till Schweiz – Sverige får inte arrangera". SVT Sport.
  25. ^ Nikel, David (7 April 2022). "Nordic Countries Bid to Host Euro 2025". Life in Norway. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  26. ^ "Norden måste stå samlat om fotbolls-VM". Nordic Council.
  27. ^ "Vision 2027 i Nordiska rådet". Swedish Football Association. 29 October 2019.
  28. ^ "Hockey-VM 2013 – på nya Söderstadion". Aftonbladet. 22 June 2009.
  29. ^ "Ishockey-VM 2025 spelas i Stockholm". Dagens Nyheter. 17 June 2021.
  30. ^ "Handboll: Allt om handbolls-VM 2023: Spelprogram, truppen och tider". November 2023.
  31. ^ "Här är Sveriges grupp i handbolls-EM". Svenska Dagbladet. 15 May 2025.
  32. ^ "Nordic Athletics | DEN-FIN-ISL-NOR-SWE". Archived from the original on 18 August 2019.
  33. ^ Andersson, Gösta (1939). "Nordiska Cykelförbundet" [Nordic Cycling Federation]. Nordisk familjeboks sportlexikon: uppslagsverk för sport, gymnastik och friluftsliv. Band 2 Bröstsim–Flugfiske (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlag. p. 414.
  34. ^ "Nordic Cycling".
  35. ^ Högborg, Gerhard (1941). "Kanotförbund" [Canoeing federations]. Nordisk familjeboks sportlexikon: uppslagsverk för sport, gymnastik och friluftsliv. Band 4 Hockey–Lahtinen (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlag. p. 675.
  36. ^ "Statutes". Nordic Fencing Union.
  37. ^ "Members". Nordic Fencing Union.
  38. ^ Holmström, Agne (1940). "Gymnastikförbund" [Gymnastics federations]. Nordisk familjeboks sportlexikon: uppslagsverk för sport, gymnastik och friluftsliv. Band 3 Flugvikt–Hjärtstock (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlag. p. 918–921.
  39. ^ "Samarbetspartners". Svenska Gymnastikförbundet.
  40. ^ Holmström, Harry (1943). "Nordiska Motorcykel Förbundet". Nordisk familjeboks sportlexikon: uppslagsverk för sport, gymnastik och friluftsliv. Band 5 Lahtis–Röhse (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlag. p. 667.
  41. ^ "By Laws". Nordic Powerlifting Federation. 9 February 2011.
  42. ^ "Member Federations". Nordic Powerlifting Federation. 9 February 2011.
  43. ^ Dahlstedt, Stellan; Thunvik, Sten (1943). "Nordiska Roddförbundet" [Nordic Rowing Federation]. Nordisk familjeboks sportlexikon: uppslagsverk för sport, gymnastik och friluftsliv. Band 5 Lahtis–Röhse (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlag. p. 1171–1172.
  44. ^ "Nordic Rowing Federation was founded in 1910 in Stockholm, Sweden". Nordic Rowing Federation. 18 July 2020.
  45. ^ Hellström, Johan Sixten; Thunvik, Sten (1946). "Seglarförbund" [Sailing federations]. Nordisk familjeboks sportlexikon: uppslagsverk för sport, gymnastik och friluftsliv. Band 6 S–Övrevoll (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förlag. p. 148–150.
  46. ^ "About Nordic Sailing Federation". Nordic Sailing Federation.
  47. ^ "About Us". Nordic Swimming Federation.
  48. ^ "Member Federations". Nordic Weightlifting Federation.
  49. ^ "Nordic Records". Nordic Athletics. Archived from the original on 18 August 2019.
  50. ^ "Records". Nordic Powerlifting Federation. 9 February 2011.
  51. ^ "Records swimming". Nordic Swimming Federation.
  52. ^ "Nordic Records until May 31, 2025". Nordic Weightlifting Federation.

Works cited

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