Skandinaven was a Norwegian language newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois from 1866 until 1941.
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SkandinavenFormat | Magazine |
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Owner(s) | John Anderson, Knud Langeland, and Iver Lawson |
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Editor | Nicolai A. Grevstad |
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Founded | 1866 |
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Language | Norwegian |
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Ceased publication | 1941 |
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Headquarters | Chicago, Illinois |
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Background
Skandinaven was established by three Norwegian immigrants; John Anderson, Knud Langeland (1813–88), and Iver Lawson (1822–72). John Anderson administered the business side of the newspaper. Iver Lawson was the landlord who provided a location and facilities. Knud Langeland was the first editor of Skandinaven.
Knud Langeland was an immigrant from Samnanger, Hordaland County, Norway. He arrived in the United States in 1843 and settled in Racine County, Wisconsin. In the fall of 1849 Langeland and his brother-in-law, O. J. Hatlestad, bought the printing press of the weekly, Nordlyset, from Even Hansen Heg and James DeNoon Reymert. This pioneer Norwegian newspaper publication ceased for financial reasons in October 1851. In the fall of 1859, Langeland was elected by Racine County voters to the Wisconsin State Assembly. Langeland occupied the editorial chair of Skandinaven until 1881.[2]
Iver Lawson was an investor who came to prosperity buying and selling real estate in Chicago during the mid-19th century. He also entered city politics, becoming a member of the city council in 1864. After the death of Iver Lawson in 1872, his son Victor F. Lawson took over the administration of his father's estate, which included his interest in Skandinaven. Victor Lawson would become the owner and publisher of the Chicago Daily News, the most widely read publication in Chicago during the late 19th century.[3]
John Anderson, who was brought by his parents from Voss, in Hordaland County, Norway to Chicago in 1845, had worked initially for the Chicago Tribune. Anderson decided in 1866 to leave the Chicago Tribune to start his own Norwegian-language newspaper. Anderson purchased the subscription lists of Norske-Amerikanerne, a failing Norwegian language newspaper. Langeland and Lawson briefly established a rival paper, Amerika. Skandinaven merged with Amerika in 1873 to form Skandinaven og Amerika.[4]
Operations
Starting the 1870s Skandinaven published a magazine that contained articles of interest, stories, and poetry. It carried works by Norwegian-American writers including Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen and Rasmus B. Anderson. Skandinaven became one of the most influential and successful newspapers in the Scandinavian immigrant community. Through the success of the paper, Anderson was able to build a publishing business that became the largest venture of its kind. In 1890 the firm was incorporated as the John Anderson Publishing Company.[5][6]
From 1892 to 1911, Nicolai A. Grevstad was editor of Skandinaven. After 1900, the company began to suffer attrition. The gradual assimilation of Norwegian immigrants into the American population resulted in a dwindling reader base. Anundsen Publishing Company of Decorah, Iowa bought Skandinaven's subscriptions, with the intent of merging the subscription base with that of its own Norwegian language newspaper, the Decorah Posten. The last issue of Skandinaven was published on October 31, 1941.[7]
When Skandinaven suspended publication, Reidar Rye Haugan established the Chicago based, Norwegian language newspaper Viking on which he served as both editor and publisher. In 1958, Chicago journalist Bertram Jensenius (1898-1976) took over Viking, renamed it Vinland and published it until his death in 1976.[8]
References
- ^ "The Skandinaven". Chicagology. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
- ^ Knud Langeland: Pioneer Editor (Arlow W. Andersen Norwegian-American Historical Association. Volume XIV: Page 122)
- ^ Biography of Victor Freemont Lawson (Inventory of the Victor Lawson Papers) Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Nordmændene i Amerika (Martin Ulvestad, Volume I. History Book Company’s Forlag, Minneapolis, MN 1907)
- ^ First Sagas in a New World: A Study of The Beginnings of Norwegian-American Literature (Thorson, Gerald H. Norwegian-American Historic Association. Volume 17: Page 108)
- ^ Scandinavian-American Publisher Holdings1840-1920 (Compiled by Ann K. D. Myers. Initial research by David S. Gehring. Project manager: Barbara Walden. University of Wisconsin-Madison. 2004-2005)
- ^ Skandinaven and the Beginning of Professional Publishing. (Øverland, Orm. Norwegian-American studies, Volume 31, p. 187. Norwegian-American Historic Association) .
- ^ Skandinaven and the John Anderson Publishing Company (Hansen, Jean Skogerboe. Norwegian-American studies, Volume 28, p. 35. Norwegian-American Historic Association) Archived 2008-08-08 at the Wayback Machine
Additional sources
- Story of Chicago in Connection with the Printing Business (Regan Printing House. Chicago, Illinois. 1912)
- Larson, Laurence M. Skandinaven, Professor Anderson, and the Yankee School (The Changing West and Other Essays, 116-146. Northfield, MN: 1937)
- Øverland, Orm, The Western Home - A Literary History of Norwegian America (Norwegian-American Historical Association. 1996)
External links
Scandinavian-language newspapers outside of Scandinavian-speaking countries |
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Europe | |
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America | Norwegian | California |
- California-Vikingen (1924-1925) weekly
- Bien (1882-1890) weekly
- California-Posten (1874-1876)
- Fram (1903-1904 weekly
- Lanteren (1892) semimonthly
- Pacific Posten (1904-1906) weekly
- Pacific Skandinav (1886-1905) weekly
- Valkyrien (1878-1886) weekly
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Connecticut |
- Connecticut Folkeblad (1898-1901)
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Illinois |
- Afholdsbladet (1880-1888) monthly
- Afholds-Vennen (1894-1896) weekly
- Amerika (1872-1872) weekly and daily
- Amerika (1885-1922) weekly
- Arbeideren (1877-1878) weekly
- Chicago Viking (1880-1881) monthly
- Daglige Skandinaven (1873-1930)
- Dagslyset (1869-1878)
- Den Norsk-Amerikanske Independent (1877-1879) weekly
- Den Nye Tid (1878-1884) weekly
- Den hvide Baand (1899-1915) monthly
- Familie-Kredsen (1883-1884) weekly
- Figaro (1877-1880) weekly
- Folkebladet (1860-1860) weekly
- Folkets Røst (1878-1878 weekly
- Fremskridt (progress) 1894-1895 weekly
- Frihed og Fangeskab (1879-1880) weekly
- Friheden (1870-1871) weekly
- Fridheds-Banneret (1852-1853) weekly
- Hejmdal (1874-1878) weekly
- Idun (1908-1910) monthly
- I ledig Timer (1895-1896) monthly
- Illiois-Posten (1896-1910) weekly
- Illustrert Familieblad (1879-1880) monthly
- Illustrert Husbibliothek (1873-1941) monthly
- Marcus Thrane's Norske Amerikaner (1866-1866)
- Norden (1874-1897 weekly
- Norden (1928-1933) monthly
- Norden Dagbladet (1889-1891 daily
- Nordisk Folkeblad (1888-1889) weekly
- Nordlyset (1869-1873) monthly
- Norsk Aftenblad (1870-1871 weekly
- Ny Tid (1870-1871) weekly
- Samfundet (1895-1901) monthly
- Sang og idræt (1892-1892) monthly
- Scandia (1888-1940) weekly
- Skandia (1884-1885) weekly
- (1866-1941)
- Social-Demokraten (1911-1921) weekly
- Søndag Skandinaven (1890-1930) weekly
- Templarbladet (1890-1900) monthly
- Typografitidende (1889-1892) monthly
- Verdens Gang (1878-1919) weekly
- Viking (1894-1895) weekly
- Viking (1941-1958) weekly
- Vinland (1958-1987) weekly
- Wossingen (1856-1960) monthly
- Vesterland (1915-1916) monthly
- Ottawa Tidende (1910-1913) weekly
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Iowa |
- Fra alle Lande (1885-1888) weekly
- Kvinde og Hjemmet (1888-1947) monthly
- Decorah-Posten (1874-1972) weekly
- Ervingen (1897-1913) monthly
- Familie-læsing (1895-1896) monthly
- Fluen (1869-1870) monthly
- For Hjemmet (1870-1888) semimonthly
- Fra Fjernt og Nær (1869-1870) weekly
- Illustrert Familieblad (1887-1888) monthly
- Moderlandet (1866-1867) monthly
- Symra (1905-1914)
- Ved Arnen. Et Tidsskrift for Skjønliteratur (1866-1870) monthly
- Dølen. Tidsskrift paa Norsk Maal (1903-1904)
- Republikaneren (1897-1903)
- Index (1885-1886) weekly
- Siour City Tidende (1890-1897)
- Sioux City Tilskuer (1887-1888)
- Vesterheimen (1888-1889) weekly
- Norsk-amerikansk Musiktidende (1890-1892) monthly
- Skole og Hjemmet (1891-1896) weekly
- Visergutten (1894-1955) weekly
- Vor Republik (1890-1891) weekly
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Kansas | |
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Massachusetts |
- Heimskringla (1916-?) weekly
- Skandinaviska God Templaren (1901-1930) monthly sweedish-norwegian
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Michigan |
- Michigan Skandinav (1887-1890) weekly
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Minnesota | |
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Montana |
- Folkevennen (1868-1868) weekly
- Montana Skandinav (1893-1893) weekly
- Montanna Tidende og Skandinav (1893-1895) weekly
- Inlandsposten (1915-1917) weekly
- Montanna Folkeblad (1890-1891) weekly
- Montana Posten (1890-1893)
- Montana Statstidende (1891-1892) weekly
- Rocky Mountain Scandinavian (1920-1920) weekly (in enlgish for scandianivan lutherans)
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New York |
- Den Norske Amerikaner (1906-1910) weekly
- Kolonien. Nordisk Tidendes Lokalavis (1933-1934) weekly
- Nordisk Tidende (1891-1983) weekly
- Nordiske Blade (1878-1906) semimonthly, weekly
- Norges-Posten (1903-1904) weekly
- Norges-Posten (1924-1933) weekly
- Norway Times (1984-2008) weekly
- Symra (1926-1926) semi monthly
- Hvespen (1914-1915, monthly
- Klæggen (1910-1911) monthly
- Koloniens Argus (1895-1896) monthly
- Krydseren (1884-1885) monthly
- Norge (1912-1913) monthly
- Ny Tid (1931-1936) weekly
- Nye Norge (1911-1913) weekly
- Piraten (1902-?) Monthly (danish-norwegian)
- Skandinavia (January 1-fall 1847), semimothly
- Skandinaven (1851-1853) weekly
- Skandinavisk Post (1863-1872) weekly
- Taktstokken (1910-1914) monthly
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North Dakota |
- Balder-Posten (1905) weekly
- Dewils Lake Tidende (1884-1885) weekly
- Statstidende (1890) weekly
- Enderli Folkeblad (1898-1898) weekly
- Amerikaneren (1884-1885) weekly
- Dagen (1897-1898) weekly
- Dakota (1889-1897) weekly
- Den Norske Amerikaner (1883-1884) weekly
- Den nye Heimen (1912-1912) monthly
- Eidsvold (1912-1914) montholly
- Fargo-Posten (1885-1889) weekly
- Fargo-Posten (1897-1903) weekly
- Fargo Posten og Vesten (?-1889) weekly
- Fjerde Juli og Dakota (1897-1898) weekly
- Folkets Ven (1895-1897) weekly
- Fram (1898-1917) weekly
- Norræna. Det fyrste Blad på Norskt Maal i Vesterheimen (1914-1915) monthly
- Praktisk Farming (1907-1908) semimonthly
- Red River Posten (1878-1884) weekly
- Vesten (1888-1889) weekly
- Det Frie Ord (1898-1900) weekly
- Grafton-Posten (1905-1909) weekly
- Nord Dakota Posten (1889-?) weekly
- Nord Dakota Posten (1900-1902) weekly
- Norden (1904-1905) weekly
- Eidsvold (1909-1910) monthly
- Fjerde Juli (1896-1897) weekly
- Grand Forks Skandinav (1927-1941) weekly
- Grand Forks Tidende (1880-1888) weekly
- Nord Dakota Tidende (1919-1923) weekly
- Nordlyset (1888-1889) weekly
- Nordstjernen (1879-1883) weekly
- Normanden (1887-1954) weekly
- Banneret (1892-1894) weekly
- Afholds-Bausnuen (1887-1896) weekly
- Dakota-Bladet (1886-1887) weekly
- Folkets Avis (1898-1904) weekly
- Folkets Røst (1886-1887) weekly
- Fremtiden (1901-1908) weekly
- Statstidende (1897-1909) weekly
- Kindred-Blad (1880-1882) weekly
- Landmanden (1894-1896) weekly
- Vesterheimen (1894-1919) weekly
- Minot-Posten (1905-1909) weekly
- Mouse River (1902-1903) weekly
- Nordvesten (1909-1910) weekly
- Nordvesten (1916-1930) weekly
- Verkefingeren (1925-1926) monthly
- Dakota-Bladet (1886-1887) weekly
- Dakota Tidende (1918-1919) weekly
- Williams County Skandinav (1906-1909) weekly
- Den Frie Presse (1895-1896) weekly
- A weekly, name unknown, was published in the early 1890s.
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Oklahoma |
- Oslo Posten (1910-1913) weekly/monthly (Norwegian English)
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Oregon |
- Pacific Skandinaven (1904-1919) weekly
- Stillehavs-Posten (1889-1891) weekly
- Vor Tid (1891-?) weekly
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South Dakota |
- Syd Dakota ekko (1889-1906) weekly
- Vesterheimen (1884-1889) weekly
- For Fattig og Rig (1885-1886) weekly
- Almuevennen (1890-1890) weekly
- Folketidende (1879-1880) weekly
- Fremad (1894-1935) weekly
- Sioux Falls-Posten (1907-1916) weekly
- Sisseton-Posten (1902-1912) weekly
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Utah |
- Sisseton-Posten (1902-1912) weekly
- Bikuben (1876-1935) semimonthly, weekly (danish-Norwegian)
- Utah Posten (1873-1874) weekly (Danish-Norwegian)
- Utah Posten (1885-1885) weekly (Danish-norwegian)
- Utah Skandinav (1875-1877) weekly
- Varden (1919-1911) monthly
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Washington |
- Everett Ekko (1906-1909) weekly
- Pacific-Posten (1908) weekly
- Folketidende (1895-1895) weekly
- Fram (1895-1897) weekly
- Hammerslag (1911-1912) monthly
- Normanna (1907.1909) weekly
- Norsk-Amerikaneren, Illustrert Kvartalmagain af histisk art (1916-1925) quarterly
- Norwegian American Weekly 2006-, weekly
- Pacific Posten (1891-1892) weekly
- Papegøien (1895-1895) weekly
- Sambaandet (1923-1928) weekly
- Seattle Tidende (1895-1896) weekly
- Washington Posten (1889-1851) weekly
- Western Viking (1961-2006) weekly
- Hjemmets Værn (1891-1892) weekly
- Spokane Falls Ekko (1890-1891), weekly
- Spokane Skandinav (1896-1924) weekly
- Spokane Tidende (1893-1894) weekly
- Vestens Skandinav (1892-1895) weekly
- Braat og Brand (1907-1912) weekly
- Norsk Magasin (1905-1906) monthly
- Skirnir (1895-1897), monthly
- Tacoma Budstikke (1889-1890), weekly
- Tacoma Folkeblad (1890-1890), weekly
- Tacoma Tidende (1890-1925), weekly
- Vestkysten (1906-1909), weekly
- Vestkysten (1925-1931), weekly
- Washington tidende (1889-1890), weekly
- Western Viking (1929-1941), weekly
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Wisconsin |
- Arbeideren (1886-1888), weekly
- Eau Claire Tidende (1884-1885), weekly
- Lyngblomsten (1908-1915), monthly
- Maanedlig ISWA Juournal (1907-1914), monthly
- Reform (1889-1941) weekly
- Emigranten (1852-1868), weekly
- Amerika (1868-1872) weekly
- Fædrelandet (1864-1868)
- Fædrelandet og Emigranten (1868-1893), weekly
- Folkevennen (1893-1895), weekly
- Husvennen (?-?) monthly
- La Crosse-Posten (1897-1898) weekly
- La Crosse Tidende (1895-1897), semiweekly
- La Crosse Tidede og Milwawkee Fram (1897-1897), semiweekly
- Norsk Maanedskrift (1874-1875), monthly
- Skandinaviske Demokrat (1868-1868), weekly
- Udflyttede Norge (?-?), weekly
- Varden (1881-April 1883) weekly
- Varden (1890-1894), weekly
- Ved Arnen (1866-1868), monthly
- Billed-Magazin (1868-1870),weekly
- De Norskes Ven (1850-1851), weekly
- (Den Norske Amerikaner (1855-1857) weekly
- Den Norske Immigrant (1871-1871), weekly
- Libreal Liberal Demokrat (1874-1875?),weekly
- Madison Tidedende (1894-1897), weekly
- Nordstjernen (1857-1860), weekly
- Nordvesten (1874-1877), weekly
- Organ (1855-1861), monthly
- Skandinavisk Billed-Magazin (1868-1870), monthly
- Skandinavisk Tribune (1887-1888)
- Vikingen (1888-1889) weekly
- Wisconsin Banner (1875-1875) weekly
- Wisconsin Nordmanden (1895-1896), weekly
- Marienette Fremad (1890-1904), weekly
- Nordmannen (1887-1889?) weekly
- Folkebladet (1878-1883), weekly
- Fram (1894-1897), weekly
- Fremad (1868-1871), weekly
- Dagen (1891-1892?), weekly
- Democraten (1848-1848), weekly
- Nordlyset (1847-1850), weekly
- Busletts (1922-1923), monthly
- Democraten (1850-1851), weekly
- Rhinelander Tidede (1896-1898), weekly
- Fra Land og Hav (1873-1873), monthly
- Aaret Rundt (1885-1886), quarterly
- Alvor og Skjæmt (1905-1906), weekly
- Gauken (1887-1890), weekly
- Norge (1904-1905), weekly
- Normannen (1890-1894), weekly
- Wisconsin Normannen (1894-1895), weekly
- Superior-Posten (1888-1893), weekly
- Superior Tidende (1893-1962), weekly
- Nordstjernen (1879-1879), weekly
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Wyoming |
- Patronen (1888-1890), weekly
- Vor Talsmand (1888-1889), weekly
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Danish | |
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Swedish | |
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Danish West Indies |
- Lightbourn’s Mail-Notes
- Dansk Vestindisk Regierings Avis (1802-1807)
- Dansk Vestindisk Regierings Avis (1815-1843)
- The Herald (1915-1925)
- St. Croix Avis (1844-1917)
- The Old St. Croix Gazette (1813)
- The Royal Danish American Gazette (1770-1801)
- The Royal Danish American Gazette (1802)
- The Royal Saint Croix Gazette (1813-1815)
- The Saint Croix Bulletin (1885-1917)
- The Saint Thomas Gazette (1809-1815)
- The Saint Thomas Herald (1882-1884)
- The St. Croix Gazette (1808-1813)
- The West End News (1912-1917)
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This list is incomplete. |