Siak River

Siak
Sungai Siak, Siak rivier
The Siak River flows through the city of Siak.
Location of river mouth
Siak River (Indonesia)
Location
CountryIndonesia
ProvinceRiau
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • elevation0 m (0 ft)
MouthMalacca Strait
Length370 km (230 mi)
Basin size10,423 km2 (4,024 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • locationSiak Delta, Malacca Strait
 • average(Period of data: 2009–2013)720 m3/s (25,000 cu ft/s)[1]

The Siak (Sungai Siak) is a river of Riau province, in the east of Sumatra, Indonesia, about 1000 km northwest of the capital Jakarta.[2] Approximately 370 kilometres in length, the Siak is a blackwater river which owes its brown color to dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from surrounding, heavily disturbed peat soils; it is heavily polluted, notably by the petroleum industry. It flows through the town of Pekanbaru before emptying into the Strait of Malacca.[3]

Geography

The river flows in the central area of Sumatra with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[4] The annual average temperature in the area is 23 °C. The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around 25 °C, and the coldest is January, at 22 °C.[5] The average annual rainfall is 2673 mm. The wettest month is November, with an average of 418 mm rainfall, and the driest is January, with 106 mm rainfall.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Francisca, Wit; Tim, Rixen; Antje, Baum; Widodo, S. Pranowo; Andreas, A. Hutahaean (2018). "The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 17403. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35769-7. PMC 6258705. PMID 30479397.
  2. ^ Sungai Siak at Geonames.org (cc-by); Last updated 2013-06-04; Database dump downloaded 2015-11-27
  3. ^ John William Reed; John William King (1867). The China sea directory, Volume 1, Hydrographic Dept. Hydrographic office, Admiralty. p. 229.
  4. ^ Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  5. ^ "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. 30 January 2016.
  6. ^ "NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016.
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