Raquel Camaña

Raquel Camaña
Born(1883-09-30)30 September 1883
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Died21 October 1915(1915-10-21) (aged 32)
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Alma materUniversity of Buenos Aires
Occupation(s)Teacher and activist

Raquel Camaña (30 September 1883 – 21 October 1915) was an Argentine teacher and activist who campaigned for the inclusion of sexual education in the school curriculum.

Early life and education

Camaña was born in Buenos Aires in 1883.[1] She was trained at the National Teacher Training School in La Plata, Buenos Aires, by American teacher Mary Olstine Graham.[2][3] She also attended courses at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Buenos Aires, including Logic, taught by José Nicolás Matienzo, and Psychology, taught by José Ingenieros.[1]

Activism

Camaña was a socialist and was interested in eugenics, arguing that the masses should be taught the conditions necessary for healthy reproduction to alleviate poverty.[4] In 1910 she presented her thesis "the Sexual Question" to the Argentine Public Hygiene Society, who unanimously approved her recommendation for the inclusion of sexual education in the school curriculum.[5] She was invited to attend the Third International Congress on School Hygiene in Paris, France,[6] the Congress of Pedagogy and Hygiene, held in Belgium,[1] and talks held at the Ateneo de Madrid in Spain.[1]

Camaña also established the League for the Rights of Women and Children,[7] organised Argentina's First National Congress of Children in 1913,[1] and published an article linking motherhood and democracy in 1914.[8]

When Camaña applied to the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Buenos Aires to cover a substitute position in the Chair of Education Sciences, she was rejected as a candidate because of her gender.[1] This prompted her to write about sexual prejudices faced by teachers for the journal Revista de Derecho, Historia y Letras.[1]

Death

She died in Buenos Aires in 1915.[1] The magazine Humanidad Nueva dedicated a cover to Camaña after her death.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Raquel Camaña (1883-1915)". Biblioteca Nacional de Maestros (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
  2. ^ Southwell, Myriam (2013). "Ciencia y moral: Raquel Camaña y los desafíos abiertos para la nueva educación". Educaçao no Brasil e na Argentina: Escritos de história intelectual. Ponta Grossa: UEPG (in Spanish): 39–57.
  3. ^ Exilart, Gabriela Baruffaldi (1 June 2022). El susurro de las mujeres (in Spanish). PLAZA & JANES. ISBN 978-950-644-623-9.
  4. ^ Lavrin, Asuncion (1 January 1998). Women, Feminism, and Social Change in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, 1890-1940. University of Nebraska Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-8032-7973-5.
  5. ^ Monti, por Julian (8 December 2024). "El porqué de la ESI: una lucha de más de 100 años por su implementación en las aulas – La Marea" (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 March 2025.
  6. ^ Alvarez, Adriana; Carbonetti, Adrián (2008). Saberes y prácticas médicas en la Argentina: un recorrido por historias de vida (in Spanish). EUDEM. p. 144. ISBN 978-987-1371-19-8.
  7. ^ Vassallo, Jaqueline; Calle, Leandro (21 March 2018). Alfonsina Storni Literatura y feminismo en la Argentina de los años 20 (in Spanish). Eduvim. p. 17. ISBN 978-987-699-197-1.
  8. ^ Balderston, Daniel; Guy, Donna (1997). Sex and Sexuality in Latin America. NYU Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-8147-1290-0.
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