Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundaries with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), and is the thirteenth-largest country in the world by land area. With a population exceeding 130 million, Mexico is the tenth-most populous country in the world and is home to the largest number of native Spanish speakers. Mexico City is the capital and largest city, which ranks among the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.
Human presence in Mexico dates back to at least 8,000 BC. Mesoamerica, considered a cradle of civilization, was home to numerous advanced societies, including the Olmecs, Maya, Zapotecs, Teotihuacan civilization, and Purépecha. Spanish colonization began in 1521 with an alliance that defeated the Aztec Empire, establishing the colony of New Spain with its capital at Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City). New Spain became a major center of the transoceanic economy during the Age of Discovery, fueled by silver mining and its position as a hub between Europe and Asia. This gave rise to one of the largest multiracial populations in the world. The Peninsular War led to the 1810–1821 Mexican War of Independence, which ended Peninsular rule and led to the creation of the First Mexican Empire, which quickly collapsed into the short-lived First Mexican Republic. In 1848, Mexico lost nearly half its territory to the American invasion. Liberal reforms set in the Constitution of 1857 led to civil war and French intervention, culminating in the establishment of the Second Mexican Empire under Emperor Maximilian I of Austria, who was overthrown by Republican forces led by Benito Juárez. The late 19th century saw the long dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, whose modernization policies came at the cost of severe social unrest. The 1910–1920 Mexican Revolution led to the overthrow of Díaz and the adoption of the 1917 Constitution. Mexico experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth in the 1940s–1970s, amidst electoral fraud, political repression, and economic crises. Unrest included the Tlatelolco massacre of 1968 and the Zapatista uprising in 1994. The late 20th century saw a shift towards neoliberalism, marked by the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. (Full article...)
Featured article -
This is a Featured article, which represents some of the best content on English Wikipedia.
The Alamo, as drawn in 1854 The Battle of the Alamo (February 23 – March 6, 1836) was a pivotal event and military engagement in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna reclaimed the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas, United States). About one hundred Texians, wanting to defy Mexican law and maintain the institution of chattel slavery in their portion of Coahuila y Tejas by seeking secession from Mexico, were garrisoned at the mission at the time, with around a hundred subsequent reinforcements led by eventual Alamo co-commanders James Bowie and William B. Travis. On February 23, approximately 1,500 Mexicans marched into San Antonio de Béxar as the first step in a campaign to retake Texas. In the early morning of March 6, the Mexican Army advanced on the Alamo. After repelling two attacks, the Texians were unable to fend off a third attack. As Mexican soldiers scaled the walls, most of the Texian fighters withdrew into interior buildings. Those who were unable to reach these points were slain by the Mexican cavalry as they attempted to escape. Almost all of the Texian inhabitants were killed.
Several noncombatants were sent to Gonzales to spread word of the Texian defeat. The news sparked both a strong rush to join the Texian army and a panic, known as "The Runaway Scrape", in which the Texian army, most settlers, and the government of the new, self-proclaimed but officially unrecognized Republic of Texas fled eastward toward the U.S. ahead of the advancing Mexican Army. Santa Anna's execution of surrendering soldiers during the battle inspired many Texians and Tejanos to join the Texian Army. The Texians defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto, on April 21, 1836, ending the conquering of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas by the newly formed Republic of Texas. (Full article...)
Selected article -
Palenque (Spanish pronunciation: [pa'leŋke]; Yucatec Maya: Bàakʼ [ɓaːkʼ]), also anciently known in the Itza Language as Lakamha ("big water" or "big waters"), was a Maya city-state in southern Mexico that perished in the 8th century. The Palenque ruins date from ca. 226 BC to ca. 799 AD. After its decline, it was overgrown by the jungle of cedar, mahogany, and sapodilla trees, but has since been excavated and restored. It is located near the Usumacinta River in the Mexican state of Chiapas, about 130 km (81 mi) south of Ciudad del Carmen, 150 meters (490 ft) above sea level. It is adjacent to the modern town of Palenque, Chiapas. It averages a humid 26 °C (79 °F) with roughly 2,160 millimeters (85 in) of rain a year.
Palenque is a medium-sized site, smaller than Tikal, Chichen Itza, or Copán, but it contains some of the finest architecture, sculpture, roof comb and bas-relief carvings that the Mayas produced. Much of the history of Palenque has been reconstructed from reading the hieroglyphic inscriptions on the many monuments; historians now have a long sequence of the ruling dynasty of Palenque in the 5th century and extensive knowledge of the city-state's rivalry with other states such as Calakmul and Toniná. The most famous ruler of Palenque was Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal, or Pacal the Great, whose tomb has been found and excavated in the Temple of the Inscriptions. By 2005, the discovered area covered up to 2.5 km2 (0.97 sq mi), but it is estimated that less than 10% of the total area of the city is explored, leaving more than a thousand structures still covered by jungle. Palenque received 920,470 visitors in 2017. (Full article...)
Alejandra Lagunes, Coordinator of the National Digital Strategy of the Presidency of Mexico.
Good article -
This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.
Máscara Dorada is the ring name of a Mexican luchador enmascarado (or masked professional wrestler) signed to Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). He is the son of Panterita del Ring and the nephew of Luciferno. He began his career in 2021 under the ring name Panterita del Ring Jr., winning the Mexican National Lightweight Championship later that year. In 2023, he adopted the ring name Máscara Dorada, previously used by Gran Metalik, and went on to win the 2023 Leyenda de Plata, the World Historic Welterweight Championship, and the CMLL World Trios Championship on multiple occasions.
Dorada has also appeared in international promotions, including New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and All Elite Wrestling (AEW), through CMLL’s partnerships. (Full article...)
Emiliano Zapata Salazar (Latin American Spanish: [emiˈljano saˈpata]; 8 August 1879 – 10 April 1919) was a Mexican revolutionary. He was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1920, the main leader of the people's revolution in the Mexican state of Morelos, and the inspiration of the agrarian movement called Zapatismo.
Zapata was born in the rural village of Anenecuilco, in an era when peasant communities came under increasing repression from the small-landowning class who monopolized land and water resources for sugarcane production with the support of dictator Porfirio Díaz (President from 1877 to 1880 and 1884 to 1911). Zapata early on participated in political movements against Díaz and the landowning hacendados, and when the Revolution broke out in 1910 he became a leader of the peasant revolt in Morelos. Cooperating with a number of other peasant leaders, he formed the Liberation Army of the South, of which he soon became the undisputed leader. Zapata's forces contributed to the fall of Díaz, defeating the Federal Army in the Battle of Cuautla in May 1911, but when the revolutionary leader Francisco I. Madero became president he disavowed the role of the Zapatistas, denouncing them as mere bandits. (Full article...)
- 12 July 2025 –
- United States president Donald Trump announces a 30% tariff increase on imported items from Mexico and the European Union to take effect on August 1. (BBC News)
- 8 July 2025 – July 2025 Southern New Mexico floods
- At least three people are killed, four people are trapped, including a father and his two children, and 85 others are rescued when they are washed away in flash floods in Ruidoso, New Mexico, United States. (AP) (LBC)
- 6 July 2025 – 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup
- In association football, the defending champions Mexico win a record-extending 10th Gold Cup title after defeating the United States 2–1 in the final at the NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, United States. Edson Álvarez is named the tournament's best player. (France 24)
- 4 July 2025 –
- Anti-gentrification protests in Mexico City, Mexico, lead to tourist harassment and vandalism in Condesa. (AP)
- 30 June 2025 – 2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico
- National Economic Council director Kevin Hassett announces that the United States will restart trade talks with Canada after they cancel their digital services tax on American technology firms. (CBC)
- 27 June 2025 – 2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico
- U.S. president Donald Trump announces the suspension of the trade talks with Canada, also announcing new tariffs on goods crossing the Canada–United States border. (BBC News)
Aztec cuisine is the cuisine of the former Aztec Empire and the Nahua peoples of the Valley of Mexico prior to European contact in 1519.
The most important staple was corn (maize), a crop that was so important to Aztec society that it played a central part in their culture. Just like wheat in much of Europe or rice in most of East Asia, it was the food without which a meal was not a meal. It came in varieties that differed in color, texture, size and prestige, and was eaten as corn tortillas, tamales or ātōlli, maize gruel. The other constants of Aztec food were salt and chili peppers and the basic definition of Aztec fasting was to abstain from these two. (Full article...)
The following are images from various Mexico-related articles on Wikipedia.
-
Image 1General Santa Anna known for his leadership during the Texas Revolution, Mexican-American War, and turbulent periods of Mexican history marked by political instability and territorial losses. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 2Quechquemitl from Hidalgo at the Museo de Arte Popular in Mexico City (from Culture of Mexico)
-
-
Image 4A statue of a Chichimeca Warrior in the city of Querétaro (from History of Mexico)
-
-
-
Image 7Sawdust carpet made during "The night no one sleeps" in Huamantla, Tlaxcala (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 8Cerro del Cubilete ("Dice Cup Hill"). At the top of the hill is the Cristo Rey ( Christ the King) statue. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 9Exconvento (Ex-convent), by José María Velasco. 1860. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 10Agustín de Iturbide the first Emperor of Mexico in 1822 after leading the Mexican War of Independence against Spain, but his reign was short-lived, lasting only until 1823 when he abdicated, and Mexico transitioned to a republic. (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 12David Huerta is a contemporary philosopher and poet who examines human existence, freedom, and meaning in Mexican society, blending philosophy with art and literature. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 13Singer and actor Pedro Infante, one of the leading figures of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 14The Execution of Emperor Maximilian, 19 June 1867. Gen. Tomás Mejía, left, Maximilian, center, Gen. Miguel Miramón, right. Painting by Édouard Manet 1868. (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 16Victoriano Huerta, ruler of Mexico from 1913 to 1914 (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 17Ignacio Comonfort significant role during the tumultuous period of the mid-19th century, including the Reform War and early stages of the Mexican Republic's transition. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 18Colossal atlantids, pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca. 900–1180 AD (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 19A unit of Cristeros preparing for battle. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 20Comanchería, territory controlled by the Comanches, prior to 1850 (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 21Variegated maize ears (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 23Chihuahua Cathedral and a monument to the city's founder, Antonio Deza y Ulloa (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 24Logo of Nacional Financiera (NAFIN), the state development bank. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 25Battle of Centla, the first time a horse was used in battle in a war in the Americas. Mural in the Palacio Municipal of Paraíso, Tabasco (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 27Silk rebozo from Santa María del Río, SLP on a mannequin at the Feria de Rebozo in Tenancingo, State of Mexico. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 28El Chapo in US custody after his extradition from Mexico. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 29Plutarco Elías Calles politician and revolutionary general who served as President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, known for his role in shaping modern Mexico through reforms and the consolidation of state power. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 30Liberación (Liberation). Jorge González Camarena. 1908. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
-
Image 32Mexican Army troops in the Zócalo in the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 33The first Braceros arrive in Los Angeles by train in 1942. Photograph by Dorothea Lange. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 34La huida a Egipto (The Flight into Egypt). Miguel Cabrera, around 1700. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 35Award of the Association of Theater Critics and Journalists. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 36Goddess, mural painting from the Tetitla apartment complex at Teotihuacan, Mexico, 650–750 CE (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 37Spanish and Portuguese empires in 1790 (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 38Buffalo Soldiers of the American 10th Cavalry Regiment taken prisoner during the Battle of Carrizal, Mexico in 1916. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 39Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 40Surrender of Santa Anna by William Henry Huddle shows the Mexican president and general surrendering to a wounded Sam Houston in 1836. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 41Murals of Bonampak (between 580 and 800 AD) (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 42General Pancho Villa at the entrance of Ojinaga (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 43April 2, 1867. Entry of General Porfirio Díaz into Puebla. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 44Distribution of linguistic groups around 1500. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 45Logo of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario, with the colors of the Mexican flag (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 46Toltec carving representing the Aztec Eagle, found in Veracruz, 10th–13th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 47Making cigarettes in the El Buen Tono factory, Mexico City (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 48The Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 49The Volkswagen Beetle, known in Mexico as the "Vocho," is perhaps the most iconic classic car in the country. Its production in Mexico began in 1967, and it continued until 2003, making it a symbol of Mexican automotive culture. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 50Mexico City street market (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 51Chapultepec, more commonly called the "Bosque de Chapultepec" (Chapultepec Forest) (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 52Dining table, painted between 1857 y 1859, oleo sobre tela (oil on canvas) by Agustín Arrieta (from Culture of Mexico)
-
-
Image 54Panel 3 from Cancuen, Guatemala, representing king T'ah 'ak' Cha'an (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 55Battle of Tampico (1829) a conflict between Mexican forces led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna and Spanish loyalists attempting to reconquer Mexico, resulting in a decisive Mexican victory that further solidified Mexico's independence from Spain. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 56Lázaro Cárdenas mural (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 57Fireworks in Mexico City for New Year's Day. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 58Modern group monument of Cortés, Doña Marina, and their mestizo son Martín (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 59La leyenda de los volcanes (The legend of the volcanoes). Saturnino Herrán. 1910–1912. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 60Three world leaders: (background, left to right) Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, observe the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 61Chacmool, Maya, from the Platform of the Eagles, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–90 CE (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 62President Carranza in La Cañada, Querétaro, January 22, 1916. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 63Battle of Miahuatlán took place on 3 October 1866. The liberal victory at Miahuatlán was significant because it allowed them to consolidate their control over southern Mexico. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 64Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc, Maya, lintel 24 of temple 23, Yaxchilan, Mexico, ca. 725 ce. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 65Portrait and book by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Baroque poet and writer. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 66U.S. President Barack Obama and Mexican President-Elect Enrique Peña Nieto during their meet at the White House following Peña Nieto's election victory. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 67Matches between Club América and Cruz Azul at the Estadio Azteca, known as the " Clásico Joven." (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 68Entry into Mexico City by the Mexican army (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 69José Pablo Moncayo known for his orchestral works, particularly " Huapango" (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 70A map of Mexico 1845 after Texas annexation by the U.S. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 71Porfirio Díaz dominant Mexican political and military figure who served as President for much of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by his long rule and the modernization efforts known as the Porfiriato. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 72President Vicente Fox with Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 74President Obregón. Note that he lost his right arm in the Battle of Celaya (1915), earning him the nickname of Manco de Celaya ("the one-armed man of Celaya"). (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 75"The Torture of Cuauhtémoc", a 19th-century painting by Leandro Izaguirre (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 76Mexican Central Railway train at station, Mexico (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 77Pear, Quince and Psidium cajeta. In 2010 declared the Bicentennial Dessert of Mexico. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 78Teotihuacan view of the Avenue of the Dead and the Pyramid of the Sun, from the Pyramid of the Moon (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 79Gilberto Bosques Saldívar took the initiative to rescue tens of thousands of Jews and Spanish Republican exiles from being deported to Nazi Germany or Spain. (from History of Mexico)
Select [►] to view subcategories
Mexico Buildings and structures in Mexico Organizations based in Mexico
|
|---|
| | Non-Amerindian | |
|---|
| Amerindian | | More than 100,000 people | |
|---|
| 20,000–100,000 people | |
|---|
| 1,000–20,000 people | |
|---|
| Fewer than 1,000 people | |
|---|
|
|---|
- 1 Jews and Romani originate in the Middle East and South Asia respectively, with most arriving to Mexico via Europe
- 2 Primarily arrived via Canada
- 3 Originated in what is now the United States
|
|
|---|
| More than 100,000 people | | |
|---|
| 20,000 – 100,000 people | |
|---|
| 1,000 – 20,000 people | |
|---|
| Less than 1,000 people | |
|---|
|
|---|
Official/
Indigenous | 100,000+
speakers | |
|---|
10,000-100,000
speakers | |
|---|
Under 10,000
speakers | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Non-official | |
|---|
| Sign | |
|---|
Note: The list of official languages is ordered by decreasing size of population. |
|
|---|
| 19th century | |
|---|
| 20th century | |
|---|
| 21st century | |
|---|
|
You are invited to participate in WikiProject Mexico, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Mexico.
Discover Wikipedia using portals
-
List of all portals
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Random portal
-
WikiProject Portals
-
|