Alabama ( AL-ə-BAM-ə) is a state in the Southeastern and Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area, and the 24th-most populous of the 50 U.S. states.
Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State, after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the "Heart of Dixie" and the "Cotton State". The state has diverse geography, with the north dominated by the mountainous Tennessee Valley and the south by Mobile Bay, a historically significant port. Alabama's capital is Montgomery, and its largest city by population and area is Huntsville. Its oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists (Alabama Creoles) in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. Greater Birmingham is Alabama's largest metropolitan area and its economic center. Politically, as part of the Deep South, or "Bible Belt", Alabama is a predominantly conservative state and is known for its Southern culture. Within Alabama, American football, particularly at the college level, plays a major part of the state's culture.
Originally home to many native tribes, present-day Alabama was a Spanish territory beginning in the sixteenth century until the French acquired it in the early eighteenth century. The British won the territory in 1763 until losing it in the American Revolutionary War. Spain held Mobile as part of Spanish West Florida until 1813. In December 1819, Alabama was recognized as a state. During the antebellum period, Alabama was a major producer of cotton and widely used African American slave labor. In 1861, the state seceded from the United States to become part of the Confederate States of America, with Montgomery acting as its first capital, and rejoined the Union in 1868. Following the American Civil War, Alabama would suffer decades of economic hardship, in part due to agriculture and a few cash crops being the main driver of the state's economy. Similar to other former slave states, Alabamian legislators employed Jim Crow laws from the late 19th century up until the 1960s. High-profile events such as the Selma to Montgomery marches made the state a major focal point of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. (Full article...)
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Alabama National Historic Landmarks (clickable map) The National Historic Landmarks in Alabama represent Alabama's history from the precolonial era, through the Civil War, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Space Age. There are 39 National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) in Alabama, which are located in 18 of the state's 67 counties. Five of the NHLs in the state have military significance, eight are significant examples of a particular architectural style, six are archaeological sites, seven played a role in the African American struggle for civil rights, and five are associated with the development of the U.S. Space Program. One site in Alabama was designated an NHL, but the designation was subsequently removed.
The National Historic Landmark program is administered by the National Park Service, a branch of the Department of the Interior. The National Park Service determines which properties meet NHL criteria and makes nomination recommendations after an owner notification process. The Secretary of the Interior reviews nominations and, based on a set of predetermined criteria, makes a decision on NHL designation or a determination of eligibility for designation. Both public and privately owned properties are designated as NHLs. This designation provides indirect, partial protection of the historic integrity of the properties, via tax incentives, grants, monitoring of threats, and other means. Owners may object to the nomination of the property as an NHL. When this is the case the Secretary of the Interior can only designate a site as eligible for designation. (Full article...)
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A view of three Lightning Route streetcars on a postcard from 1900–1920 The Capital City Street Railway, also known as the Lightning Route, was the first citywide system of streetcars established in Montgomery, Alabama, on April 15, 1886. This early technology was developed by the Belgian-American inventor Charles Joseph Van Depoele. Joseph Arthur Gaboury, a French Canadian from Quebec, was the owner of the horse-drawn system that was converted to electricity. One trolley route ended at the Cloverdale neighborhood. This early public transportation system made Montgomery one of the first cities to "depopulate" its residential areas at the city center through transportation-facilitated suburban development. The system operated for exactly 50 years, until April 15, 1936, when it was retired in a big ceremony and replaced by buses. (Full article...)
- History of Alabama
- Huntsville, Alabama
- Birmingham, Alabama
- Montgomery, Alabama
- Tuscaloosa, Alabama
- George Wallace
- Dauphin Island, Alabama
- Talladega, Alabama
- Talladega Superspeedway
- University of Alabama
- COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama
- Chattahoochee River
- Alabama people
- Alabama Department of Corrections
- Iron & Steel Museum of Alabama
- LGBT rights in Alabama
- Jefferson County, Alabama
- Cannabis in Alabama
- Russell Cave National Monument
- Cahaba, Alabama
- Cahaba River
- Vulcan statue
- Confederate States of America
- Muscle Shoals, Alabama
- Chickasaw
- J. Lister Hill
- Alabama beach mouse
- Mary Anderson (inventor)
- Rosa Parks
- Montgomery bus boycott
- Nat King Cole
- Booker T. Washington
- Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
- Conecuh Ridge Whiskey
- Hank Williams
- The Machine (social group)
- Helen Keller
- First White House of the Confederacy
- Harper Lee
- Marshall Space Flight Center
- Dothan, Alabama
- University of Montevallo
- Condoleezza Rice
- Enterprise, Alabama
- Key Underwood Coon Dog Memorial Graveyard
- Decatur, Alabama
- Barber Motorsports Park
- Hank Aaron
- Carl Lewis
- Bo Jackson
- Lionel Richie
- Emmylou Harris
- Jim Nabors
- Jordan Fisher
- Terrell Owens
- Courteney Cox
- Rickwood Field
- Octavia Spencer
- Willie Mays
- Selma to Montgomery marches
- History of Montgomery, Alabama
- WDIG (AM)
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The following are images from various Alabama-related articles on Wikipedia.
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Image 1Alabama's population density, 2020 (from Alabama)
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Image 2The inauguration of Jefferson Davis in Montgomery on February 18, 1861. (from History of Alabama)
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Image 3Members of the Alabama state legislature on the steps of the Capitol in Montgomery during Reconstruction (1872) (from History of Alabama)
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Image 5Harrison Plaza at the University of North Alabama in Florence. The school was chartered as LaGrange College by the Alabama Legislature in 1830. (from Alabama)
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Image 6Shelby Hall, School of Computing, at the University of South Alabama in Mobile (from Alabama)
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Image 8The Riverchase Galleria in Hoover, one of the largest shopping centers in the southeast (from Alabama)
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Image 91823 Map of Alabama (from History of Alabama)
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Image 10Airbus Mobile Engineering Center at the Brookley Aeroplex in Mobile (from Alabama)
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Image 12Artist's conception of the Taskigi Site, a fortified mound and village near Wetumpka, Alabama (from History of Alabama)
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Image 14Alabama's beaches are one of the state's major tourist destinations. (from Alabama)
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Image 15The Space Shuttle Enterprise being tested at Marshall Space Flight Center in 1978 (from Alabama)
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Image 17Aerial view of the port of Mobile (from Alabama)
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Image 18The developing skyline of Birmingham, 1915 (from Alabama)
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Image 19Map of Alabama from the National Atlas of the United States (2007) (from Alabama)
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Image 20The former Mount Sinai School in rural Autauga County, completed in 1919. It was one of the 387 Rosenwald Schools built in the state. (from Alabama)
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Image 21Union Army troops occupying Courthouse Square in Huntsville, following its capture and occupation by federal forces in 1864 (from Alabama)
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Image 22The Islamic Center of Tuscaloosa (from Alabama)
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Image 23Monte Sano State Park in Huntsville (from Alabama)
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Image 241725 map of Mobile, Alabama's first permanent European settlement (from History of Alabama)
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Image 25Vestavia Hills High School in the suburbs of Birmingham (from Alabama)
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Image 26A stand of Cahaba lilies ( Hymenocallis coronaria) in the Cahaba River, within the Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge (from Alabama)
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Image 27Terminal at the Montgomery Regional Airport in Montgomery (from Alabama)
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Image 28The Moundville Archaeological Site in Hale County. It was occupied by Native Americans of the Mississippian culture from 1000 to 1450 CE. (from Alabama)
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Image 30Von Braun Center in Huntsville (from Alabama)
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Image 31Regions-Harbert Plaza, Regions Center, and Wells Fargo Tower in Birmingham's financial district (from Alabama)
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Image 32The Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail has a large economic impact on the state. (from Alabama)
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Image 33George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 2017 (from Alabama)
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Image 35Mercedes-Benz U.S. International in Tuscaloosa County was the first automotive facility to locate within the state. (from Alabama)
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Image 36Artists conception of Moundville, a Mississippian culture site on the Black Warrior River in Hale County (from History of Alabama)
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Image 37Temple B'Nai Sholom in Huntsville, established in 1876. It is the oldest synagogue building in continuous use in the state. (from Alabama)
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Image 38Map of counties in Alabama by racial plurality, per the 2020 census
Non-Hispanic White
40–50%
50–60%
60–70%
70–80%
80–90%
90%+
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Black or African American
40–50%
50–60%
70–80%
80–90%
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(from Alabama)
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Image 39Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama in Montgomery in 2010 (from Alabama)
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Image 40Senator Doug Jones won a special election in 2017. (from Alabama)
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Image 41Blast furnaces such as the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company's Ensley Works made Birmingham an important center for iron production in the early 20th century. (from History of Alabama)
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Image 42William J. Samford Hall at Auburn University (from Alabama)
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Image 43The State Capitol Building in Montgomery, completed in 1851 (from Alabama)
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Image 44The Natural Bridge Rock in Winston County is the longest natural bridge east of the Rockies. (from Alabama)
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Image 45Regions Field in Birmingham (from Alabama)
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Image 46Mobile is the birthplace of Mardi Gras in the U.S. (from Alabama)
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Image 47Ono Island in Baldwin County (from Alabama)
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Image 48Highlands United Methodist Church in Birmingham, part of the Five Points South Historic District (from Alabama)
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Image 49The main house, built in 1833, at Thornhill in Greene County. It is a former Black Belt plantation. (from Alabama)
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Image 50Cliffs at the rim of the Wetumpka meteorite crater (from Alabama)
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Image 51Tornado damage in Phil Campbell following the statewide April 27, 2011, tornado outbreak (from Alabama)
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Image 52Interstate 59 (co-signed with Interstate 20) approaching Interstate 65 in downtown Birmingham (from Alabama)
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| Alabama Historical Sites | |
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| Other protected areas |
- Barton's Beach Preserve
- Blevins Gap Nature Preserve
- Buttahatchie River Watershed Landscape Conservation Area
- Cahaba River Landscape Conservation Area
- Chitwood Barrens Preserve
- Coosa Bog Preserve
- Dennis Cove Preserve
- Dry Creek Preserve
- Fenvkvcēkv Creek Preserve
- Gulf Islands Landscape Conservation Area
- Kathy Stiles Freeland Bibb County Glades Preserve
- Keel Mountain Preserve
- Lower Perdido Islands Landscape Conservation Area
- Mobile-Tensaw Delta Landscape Conservation Area
- Paint Rock River Landscape Conservation Area
- Perdido River Preserve
- Perry Lakes Park
- Prairie Grove Glade Preserve
- Pratt's Ferry Preserve
- Rabbit Island Preserve
- Roberta Case Pine Hills Preserve
- Roy B. Whitaker Preserve
- Walls of Jericho Preserve
- Wheeler Mountain
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