Phenuiviridae

Phenuiviridae
Rift Valley fever virus replication cycle
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Bunyaviricetes
Order: Hareavirales
Family: Phenuiviridae

Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Hareavirales.[1] Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts.

Virology

Structure

Members of Phenuiviridae are enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12).[2]

Genome

Phenuiviridae is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family.[3] Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment.[1]

Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment (nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases.[4] Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due to leaky scanning by the ribosome.[2]

Life cycle

RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated.[4] Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at the end of each RNA transcript.[2]

Taxonomy

The family contains the following genera:[5]

  • Bandavirus
  • Beidivirus
  • Bocivirus
  • Citricivirus
  • Coguvirus
  • Entovirus
  • Goukovirus
  • Horwuvirus
  • Hudivirus
  • Hudovirus
  • Ixovirus
  • Laulavirus
  • Lentinuvirus
  • Mechlorovirus
  • Mobuvirus
  • Phasivirus
  • Phlebovirus
  • Pidchovirus
  • Rubodvirus
  • Tanzavirus
  • Tenuivirus
  • Uukuvirus
  • Wenrivirus

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "History of the taxon: Family: Phenuiviridae (2024 Release, MSL #40)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
  2. ^ a b c "Phenuiviridae ~ ViralZone".
  3. ^ "Phenuiviridae".
  4. ^ a b Tercero, Breanna; Terasaki, Kaori; Nakagawa, Keisuke; Narayanan, Krishna; Makino, Shinji (October 2019). "A strand-specific real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for distinguishing the genomic and antigenomic RNAs of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus". Journal of Virological Methods. 272: 113701. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113701. PMC 6698219. PMID 31315022.
  5. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
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