Pattin
Pattin/Unqi | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before 870 BC–738 BC | |||||||||
Pattin(a)/Unqi and its capital Kinalua among the Neo-Hittite states | |||||||||
| Capital | Kinalua | ||||||||
| Common languages | Luwian Aramaic | ||||||||
| Religion | Luwian religion | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Historical era | Iron Age | ||||||||
• Established | Before 870 BC | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 738 BC | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Turkey Syria | ||||||||
Pattin (also known as Pattina, Patina, Unqu and Unqi), was an ancient Luwian Syro-Hittite state at the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. It was known to the Assyrians as Unqi and Aramaeans as Unqu.
It was located at the north-western coast of ancient Syria, associated with the modern-day Hatay. The capital of the state was Kinalua (Kunalua, Kalneh, or Kinaluwa), which has been tentatively associated with Tell Tayinat[1] in modern-day Turkey.
The state was formed in the 9th century BC towards the end of the Dark Age period, and shared a north-western border with the Syro-Hittite state of Quwê. Khazazu (modern-day Azaz) was one of Pattin's dependencies which was invaded by Assyria around 870 BC. The frontier fortress of Aribua (associated with the modern-day region of Idlib) within the land of Lukhuti to the immediate south of Pattin was also ravaged.[2][3]
List of kings
- Taita I (11th century)[4][5]
- Taita II (early 10th century)[4][5]
- Manana (10th century)[4]
- Suppiluliuma I (late 10th century)[4][5]
- Halparuntiya I (10th[4] or early 9th century)[5]
- Lubarna I (c. 870/875 – 858?)[4][6]
- Suppiluliuma II (Assyrian Sapalulme, fl. 858–857)[4][6]
- Halparuntiya II (Assyrian Qalparunda, fl. 857–853)[4][6]
- Lubarna II (829,[4] died 831)[6]
- Surri (831)[6]
- Sasi (from 831)[6]
- ...
- Tutammu (died 738)[6]
The name Suppiluliuma corresponds to the Assyrian Sapalalme and Halparuntiya to Qalparunda.[4]
References
- ^ See the Tayinat Website by the Department of Near & Middle Eastern Civilizations at the University of Toronto
- ^ Syria-Hittite, Pattin
- ^ History files:Aleppo
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mark Weeden (2013), "After the Hittites: The Kingdoms of Karkamish and Palistin in Northern Syria" (PDF), Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, 56 (2): 15, doi:10.1111/j.2041-5370.2013.00055.x, JSTOR 44254129.
- ^ a b c d Belkıs Dinçol; Ali Dinçol; J. D. Hawkins; Hasan Peker; Aliye Öztan (2015), "Two New Inscribed Storm-god Stelae from Arsuz (İskenderun): ARSUZ 1 and 2", Anatolian Studies, 65: 63, doi:10.1017/S006615461500006X.
- ^ a b c d e f g Trevor Bryce (2012), The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History, Oxford University Press, pp. 130–133.