Outline of Puntland

Flag of Puntland
Coat of arms of Puntland

Puntland (Somali: Puntland, Arabic: أرض البنط), officially the Puntland State (Somali: Maamul-Goboleedka Puntland), A State in Somalia, Puntland announced on 1 April 2024 that it would govern itself independently from Somalia’s federal government due to a constitutional dispute, while stopping short of declaring full independence. Garowe serves as the administrative capital of Puntland, an autonomous region within Somalia.[1][2][3]


Citing a constitutional crisis in Somalia, Puntland announced it had withdrawn recognition of the federal government and would govern itself independently until constitutional amendments are approved by referendum. The region, a Federal Member State of Somalia, is located at the tip of the Horn of Africa.[4]

A third of Somalia's population lives in the state,[5] which contains about a third of the nation's geographical area.[6]

The name "Puntland" is derived from the Land of Punt mentioned by ancient Egyptian sources. However, the exact location of the fabled territory is still a mystery. Many studies suggest that the Land of Punt was located in Somalia,[7][8] whereas others propose that it was situated elsewhere.[9]

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Puntland. Part of Puntland is ex-Majertenia Sultanate, According to the Constitution of Puntland, Puntland consists of 9 regions:

  1. Bari
  2. Cayn
  3. Haylaan
  4. Karkaar
  5. Mudug
  6. Nugaal
  7. Ra'as Aseir
  8. Sanaag
  9. Sool

In the colonial era, the region had relationships with the outside world. In 1870s some area signed treaty with Italy. The terms of each treaty specified that Italy was to steer clear of any interference in the sultanates' respective administrations.[9] In return for Italian arms and an annual subsidy, the Sultans conceded to a minimum of oversight and economic concessions.[10] The Italians also agreed to dispatch a few ambassadors to promote both the sultanates' and their own interests.[9] The new protectorates were thereafter managed by Vincenzo Filonardi through a chartered company.[10] An Anglo-Italian border protocol was later signed on 5 May 1894, followed by an agreement in 1906 between Cavalier Pestalozza and General Swaine acknowledging that Badhan fell under the Majeerteen Sultanate's administration.[9] With the gradual extension into northern Somalia of Italian colonial rule, both Kingdoms were eventually annexed in the early 20th century.[11] However, unlike the southern territories, the northern sultanates were not subject to direct rule due to the earlier treaties they had signed with the Italians.

General reference

Geography of Puntland

Geography of Puntland

  • Location — Puntland is located in the northern east of Somalia between the points of 48E and 52°48E / 13°48N and 7°48N.
  • Puntland has 1525 km (825 nm) of coastline from Cape Galwein at 48°E, 13°10N in the west of Bosaso to the Cape Guardfui in the East of Bosaso at 52°48E, 14°00N between Abd Alkuri Island of Puntland and Samhah Island of Socatra, to the border sea with the South Somalia at 49°38 E, 7°24N to 50°48 E, 6°35N.
  • The Puntland territorial water is (100 nm) according to the sea law on 2006, and situated within the following regions:
  • Population of Puntland: 5,000,000 - 128th most populous[10]
  • Area of Puntland: (124,320 km2), (48,000 mi2),
  • Atlas of Somalia

Environment of Puntland

Natural geographic features of Puntland

  • Glaciers of Puntland: None[11]

Regions of Puntland

Administrative divisions of Puntland

Administrative regions of Puntland
Districts of Puntland

Districts, by administrative of Puntland region:

Cities in Puntland

Islands

Government and politics of Puntland

Politics of Puntland

Branches of the government of Puntland

Executive branch of the government of Puntland

Legislative branch of the government of Puntland

Judicial branch of the government of Puntland

Court system of Puntland

Foreign relations of Puntland

International organization membership

  • None (regional administration)

Law and order in Puntland

Law enforcement in Puntland

History of Puntland

Culture of Puntland

Economy and infrastructure of Puntland

Economy of Puntland

Education in Puntland

Non-governmental organization

See also

References

  1. ^ "Fears of violence in Somalia as Puntland pulls recognition of federal government". The Guardian. 5 April 2024. Retrieved 2025-07-13.
  2. ^ "Somalia: Puntland pulls recognition of federal government". DW. 31 March 2024. Retrieved 2025-07-13.
  3. ^ "Somalia's Puntland refuses to recognise federal government after disputed vote". Reuters. 31 March 2024. Retrieved 2025-07-13.
  4. ^ "Fears of violence in Somalia as Puntland pulls recognition of federal government". The Guardian. 5 April 2024. Retrieved 2025-07-13.
  5. ^ "Society for International Development Forum". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-12-14.
  6. ^ Puntland Facts & Figures 2003
  7. ^ Dan Richardson, Egypt, (Rough Guides: 2003), p.404
  8. ^ Ian McMahan, Secrets of the Pharaohs, (HarperCollins: 1998), p.92
  9. ^ David B. O'Connor, Stephen Quirke, Quir O'Connor, Mysterious lands, (UCL Press: 2003), p.64
  10. ^ "Kamaal Group -- Country", 2012, webpage: KamGroup.
  11. ^ [iahs.info/redbooks/a126/iahs_126_0197.pdf Proceedings of the Riederalp Workshop, September 1978; Actes de l'Atelier de Riederalp, septembre 1978: IAHS-AISH Publ. no. 126, 1980.]

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