The Devonian Needmore Formation or Needmore Shale is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Description
The Needmore Formation was originally described by Willard and Cleaves in 1939 as a dark- to medium-gray limy shale, based on exposures in southern Fulton County, Pennsylvania. They considered it part of the Onondaga Group.[2]
DeWitt and Colton (1964) described the Needmore as "soft calcareous medium dark-brownish-gray and greenish-gray shale and mudrock...and soft, slightly calcareous very fissile brownish-black shale" that is not resistant to weathering. They estimated its thickness in their study area (southern Bedford County, Pennsylvania, and most of Allegany County, Maryland) as approximately 150 feet.[3]
Fossils
DeWitt and Colton (1964) identified brachiopods (Coelospira acutiplicata, Eodevonaria arcuata), trilobites (Viaphacops cristata), and ostracods (Favulella favulosa) in the Needmore.[3]
Notable Exposures
Type locality is between Needmore and Warfordsburg in southern Fulton County, Pennsylvania.
Age
Relative age dating places the Needmore in the middle Devonian.
References
- ^ Paleozoic Sedimentary Successions of the Virginia Valley & Ridge and Plateau
- ^ a b Willard, Bradford, and Cleaves, A.B., 1939, Ordovician-Silurian relations in Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 50, no. 7, p. 1165-1198.
- ^ a b deWitt, W. Jr., and Colton, G. W., 1964, Bedrock geology of the Evitts Creek and Pattersons Creek Quadrangles, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Surveys Bull. 1179, pl 1 and 2. [1]
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Ph | Pz | P | Cisuralian |
- Dunkard Group
Greene Formation
- Windy Gap Limestone
- Windy Gap Coal
- Gilmore Limestone
- Nineveh Sandstone
- Nineveh Coal
- Nineveh Limestone
- Fish Creek Sandstone
- Claysville Limestone
- Dunkard Coal
- Prosperity Limestone
- Tenmile Coal
- Donley Limestone
- Upper Washington Coal
- Rockport Member
Washington Formation
- Upper Washington Limestone Member
- Jollytown Limestone Member
- Jollytown Coal
- Middle Washington Limestone Member
- Washington Coal
- Lower Washington Limestone Member
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C | ⁋ | Gzhelian |
- Dunkard Group
Waynesburg Formation
- Upper Waynesburg Member
- Little Washington Coal
- Waynesburg“B” coal
- Middle Waynesburg Member
- Waynesburg“A” coal
- Lower Waynesburg Member
- Monongahela Group
Uniontown Formation
- Waynesburg coal "No. 11 Coal"
- Gilboy Sandstone Member
- Little Waynesburg Coal
- Waynesburg Limestone Member
- Uniontown Sanstone Member
- Annabelle Shale Member
- Uniontown Coal "No. 10 Coal"
- Uniontown Limestone Member "Great Lime"
- Fulton Shale Member
Pittsburgh Formation
- Benwood Limestone
- Upper Sewickley Coal
- Upper Sewickley Sandstone Member
- Sewickley Coal "Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal"
- Lower Sewickley Sandstone Member
- Sewickley Limestone Member
- Cedarville Sanstone Member
- Redstone-Pomeroy coal "No 8a. Coal"
- Westone Sanstone Member
- Pittsburgh coal seam "No. 8 Coal"
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Kasimovian |
- Conemaugh Group
Casselman Formation
- Upper Pittsburgh Limestone Member
- Little Pittsburgh coal seam
- Lower Pittsburgh Limestone Member
- Connellsville Member
- Morgantown Member
- Birmingham Member
- Glenshaw Formation
- Ames Limestone
- Pittsburgh Red Beds
- Upper Bakerstown coal
- Upper Saltsburg Sandstone Member
- Woods Run Limestone Member
- Lower Saltsburg Sandstone Member
- Pine Creek Limestone Member
- Buffalo Sandstone Member
- Bush Creek Limestone Member
- Mahoning Formation
- Bush Creek Coal
- Upper Mahoning Sandstone Member
- Mahoning Coal "No. 7a Coal"
- Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member
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Moscovian |
- Allegheny Group
Freeport Formation
- Upper Freeport Coal "No. 7 Coal"
- Upper Freeport Limestone Member
- Butler Sandstone Member
- Lower Freeport Coal "No. 6a Coal"
- Upper Freeport Limestone Member
- Freeport Sandstone Member
- Kittanning Formation
- Upper Kittanning Coal
- Johnstone Limestone Member
- Middle Kittanning Coal "No. 6 Coal"
- Lower Kittanning Coal "No. 5 Coal"
- Kittanning Sandstone Member
- Clarian Formation
- Clarian Coal "No. 4a Coal"
- Vanport Limestone Member
- Brookville Coal "No. 4 Coal"
- Brookville Member
- Pottsville Group
Beaver River Formation
- Homewood Sandstone Member "1st Salt Sand"
- Mercer Formation
- Upper Mercer Limestone Member
- Upper Mercer Coal
- Lower Mercer Limestone Member
- Lower Mercer Coal "No. 3 Coal"
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Bashkirian |
- Pottsville Group
Connoquenessing Formation
- Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member "2nd Salt Sand"
- Quakertown Coal "No. 2 Coal"
- Quakertown Fire Clay
- Quakertown Shale
- Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member
- Sharon Formation
- Sharon Shale Member
- Sharon Coal "No. 1 Coal"
- Sharon Sandstone
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M | |
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D | Upper | Famennian |
- Venango Group
- Gantz, Hundred-foot sand, Fifty-foot sand, Thirty-foot sand, Nineveh-Snee, Gordon Stray, Fourth Sand, Fifth Sand, Bayard Sand, Elizabeth Sand, Sweet Richard,
- Chadakoin Formation, First Warren
- Bradford Group
- Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane
- Elk Group
- 1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand
- Ohio Shale
- Catskill Group
- Duncannon Member
- Sherman Creek Member
- Irish Valley Member
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Frasnian | |
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- Knapp Conglomerate
- Murrysville Sandstone
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Middle | |
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Grenville Complex
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Ph | Pz | C | ⁋ | Moscovian |
- Betsie Shale
- Grundy Formation
- Hyden Formation
- Kendrick Shale
- Pikeville Formation
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Bashkirian |
- Bee Rock Formation
- Hensley Shale
- Sewannee Formation
- Warren Point Formation
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D | |
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