NBI-1076968 is a selective muscarinic acetylcholine M4 receptor antagonist which is under development by Neurocrine Biosciences for the treatment of movement disorders.[1][2] It is orally active.[1][2]
Pharmacology
Along with the earlier drugs PD-0298029 and PD-102,807, NBI-1076968 is among the only selective M4 receptor antagonists to have been developed to date.[3] However, in contrast to NBI-1076968, the earlier selective antagonists have not had optimal drug-like properties for development as pharmaceutical drugs.[3]
Clinical trials
As of September 2024, NBI-1076968 is in phase 1 clinical trials for treatment of movement disorders.[1] The drug is under development by Neurocrine Biosciences.[1] It was first described in 2024.[1][2]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "NBI 1076968". AdisInsight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 11 September 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Neurocrine Biosciences (1 August 2024). "Neurocrine Biosciences Reports Second Quarter 2024 Financial Results and Raises 2024 INGREZZA Sales Guidance". PR Newswire. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
Initiated Phase 1 study of NBI-1076968 in healthy adult participants. NBI-1076968 is an investigational, oral, M4 subtype-selective muscarinic antagonist for the potential treatment of movement disorders.
- ^ a b Weinhart CG (18 February 2021). Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of dibenzodiazepinone-type muscarinic M2-receptor antagonists conjugated to fluorescent dyes or small peptides (Ph.D. thesis). University of Regensburg. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
On the other hand, also the development of selective M4R antagonists, which were suggested to restore the dopamine acetylcholine balance in patients with PD, has been challenging.133 To date, only PD-102807, PD-0298029 and a few other benzoxazine analogues were described (Figure 1.7).131 The former is still used in scientific research for studying the effects of the different MR subtypes in the brain and in the periphery.134-136 PD0298029 exhibited poor bioavailability and rapid metabolism in animal studies, which limits its use to in vitro studies.137 In summary, selective M4R ligands, representing drug candidates, e.g. for the treatment of AD, SZ or PD, are not available to date.
|
---|
mAChRsTooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors | Agonists | |
---|
Antagonists |
- 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
- 4-DAMP
- Aclidinium bromide (+formoterol)
- Abediterol
- AF-DX 250
- AF-DX 384
- Ambutonium bromide
- Anisodamine
- Anisodine
- Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g., brompheniramine, buclizine, captodiame, chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine), cinnarizine, clemastine, cyproheptadine, dimenhydrinate, dimetindene, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, meclizine, mequitazine, perlapine, phenindamine, pheniramine, phenyltoloxamine, promethazine, propiomazine, triprolidine)
- AQ-RA 741
- Atropine
- Atropine methonitrate
- Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine, fluperlapine, olanzapine (+fluoxetine), rilapine, quetiapine, tenilapine, zotepine)
- Benactyzine
- Benzatropine (benztropine)
- Benzilone
- Benzilylcholine mustard
- Benzydamine
- Bevonium
- BIBN 99
- Biperiden
- Bornaprine
- Camylofin
- CAR-226,086
- CAR-301,060
- CAR-302,196
- CAR-302,282
- CAR-302,368
- CAR-302,537
- CAR-302,668
- Caramiphen
- Cimetropium bromide
- Clidinium bromide
- Cloperastine
- CS-27349
- Cyclobenzaprine
- Cyclopentolate
- Darifenacin
- DAU-5884
- Desfesoterodine
- Dexetimide
- DIBD
- Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
- Dihexyverine
- Difemerine
- Diphemanil metilsulfate
- Ditran
- Drofenine
- EA-3167
- EA-3443
- EA-3580
- EA-3834
- Emepronium bromide
- Etanautine
- Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
- Fenpiverinium
- Fentonium bromide
- Fesoterodine
- Flavoxate
- Glycopyrronium bromide (+beclometasone/formoterol, +indacaterol, +neostigmine)
- Hexahydrodifenidol
- Hexahydrosiladifenidol
- Hexbutinol
- Hexocyclium
- Himbacine
- HL-031,120
- Homatropine
- Imidafenacin
- Ipratropium bromide (+salbutamol)
- Isopropamide
- J-104,129
- Hyoscyamine
- Mamba toxin 3
- Mamba toxin 7
- Mazaticol
- Mebeverine
- Meladrazine
- Mepenzolate
- Methantheline
- Methoctramine
- Methylatropine
- Methylhomatropine
- Methylscopolamine
- Metixene
- Muscarinic toxin 7
- N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
- N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
- Nefopam
- Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
- Orphenadrine
- Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
- Otilonium bromide
- Oxapium iodide
- Oxitropium bromide
- Oxybutynin
- Oxyphencyclimine
- Oxyphenonium bromide
- PBID
- PD-102,807
- PD-0298029
- Penthienate
- Pethidine
- pFHHSiD
- Phenglutarimide
- Phenyltoloxamine
- Pipenzolate bromide
- Piperidolate
- Pirenzepine
- Piroheptine
- Pizotifen
- Poldine
- Pridinol
- Prifinium bromide
- Procyclidine
- Profenamine (ethopropazine)
- Propantheline bromide
- Propiverine
- Quinidine
- 3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
- Revefenacin
- Rociverine
- RU-47,213
- SCH-57,790
- SCH-72,788
- SCH-217,443
- Scopolamine (hyoscine)
- Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
- Silahexacyclium
- Sofpironium bromide
- Solifenacin
- SSRIsTooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., femoxetine, paroxetine)
- Telenzepine
- Terodiline
- Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine)
- Tiemonium iodide
- Timepidium bromide
- Tiotropium bromide
- Tiquizium bromide
- Tofenacin
- Tolterodine
- Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline (+perphenazine), amitriptylinoxide, butriptyline, cidoxepin, clomipramine, desipramine, desmethyldesipramine, dibenzepin, dosulepin (dothiepin), doxepin, imipramine, lofepramine, nitroxazepine, northiaden (desmethyldosulepin), nortriptyline, protriptyline, quinupramine, trimipramine)
- Tridihexethyl
- Trihexyphenidyl
- Trimebutine
- Tripitamine (tripitramine)
- Tropacine
- Tropatepine
- Tropicamide
- Tropine benzilate
- Trospium chloride
- Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, cyamemazine (cyamepromazine), loxapine, mesoridazine, thioridazine)
- Umeclidinium bromide (+vilanterol)
- WIN-2299
- Xanomeline
- Zamifenacin
|
---|
|
---|
Precursors (and prodrugs) | |
---|
- See also
- Receptor/signaling modulators
- Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
- Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
|