Mir Mehdi Chavushi

Mir Mehdi Chavushi
Born1909
Tabriz, East Azerbaijan province, Iran
Died1967
Occupation(s)poet, writer, politician
Representative elected from Ahar to the Azerbaijan National Assembly
In office
12 december 1945 – 12 deecember 1946

Mir Mehdi Chavushi(1909, Tabriz – 1967, Quba district) was a poet, writer, politician, and participant in the 21 Azar movement. During the period of the Azerbaijan People's Government, he was elected as a member of the Azerbaijan National Assembly and was a member of the Society of Writers and Poets. After emigrating, he became the chairman of the Quba committee of the Azerbaijan Democratic Party.

About

Early years

Mir Mehdi was born in 1909 in the Hokmavar neighborhood of Tabriz.[1][2][3] He received his primary education in a madrasa and his secondary education at the "Shamsi" school.[1][3] Due to his family's poverty, he was unable to continue his education and worked as a blacksmith.[1]

During 21 Azer movement

In 1941, in Tabriz, together with Haji Ali Shabustari, Ali Mashinchi, Ismayil Shams, Sadiq Padigan, Hilal Nasiri, and others, he founded the "Azerbaijan Society."[4][5][6][7] He donated 500,000 tomans, which he had saved over the years, to the Soviet Army to support the fight against fascism.[8] In the summer of 1943, he established the Democracy Center organization in Tabriz along with Hilal Nasiri, Khalil Azerbaijan, Hussein Rizvan, and Jafar Akhgari.[9][10][6] After the Democracy Center organization merged with the Tudeh Party in 1944, Mir Mehdi Chavushi also became a member of the party.[11]

He was engaged in literary activity, and his first poems were published in the newspapers "Vətən yolunda" (On the Path of the Homeland)[12][13] and "Azerbaijan".[1][2][14] In his poems, he mainly praised freedom, independence, the homeland, and the people.[15][16] On January 3, 1945, he became a member of the "Assembly of Poets," which was established under the "Vətən yolunda" newspaper.[17][18][19] In May 1945, he was one of the members of the delegation from Southern Azerbaijan invited to Baku on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan.[20]

After the Azerbaijan Democratic Party was established, he became a member[21] and was elected to the party’s Central Audit Commission.[22] On November 20, 1945, the Azerbaijan People's Congress began its work in the building of the Arg Theater in Tabriz.[23][24][25] On November 21, from among the congress delegates, a National Committee was formed to ensure the implementation of decisions until the elections were completed and the government was formed.[26][27] Mir Mehdi Chavushi was one of the 39 people elected to this National Committee.[28][29][22] From November 27 to December 2, 1945, for the first time in Iranian history, free elections were held with the participation of women.[26][30][31] As a result of these elections, Mir Mehdi Chavushi was elected as a representative to the Azerbaijan National Assembly from Ahar.[32]

On December 5, 1946, the Shah’s troops advancing in the direction of Miyaneh were stopped by the fedayeen led by Ghulam Yahya.[33][34] People from various regions of Azerbaijan were appealing to the National Government to arm themselves and fight against the Shah’s troops.[35] Following this, under the leadership of Mir Jafar Pishevari, a Defense Committee was established.[36][37] The first task of the committee was to declare a state of emergency in Tabriz and to form volunteer units called "Babak."[35][38][39] In the first stage, these volunteer units had 600 members.[37][40] After that, Pishevari once again appealed to the Soviet Union for military support.[35][41] However, this request also went unanswered.[42]

On December 11, 1946, the Azerbaijan Provincial Assembly, in order to prevent bloodshed, issued a decision instructing the Qizilbash People's Army and the fedayeen forces not to resist the Shah's troops and to withdraw from the battlefields.[43][44][45] Starting from that very day, before the Iranian army entered the major cities, gangs of landlords' thugs and plainclothes gendarmes began committing massacres in those cities.[46][47] These groups were referred to by Tehran Radio as "Iranian patriots." [47]Their main goal was to eliminate the democrats and ensure the Shah’s army could enter the cities.[46][47] Tabriz and other cities of Azerbaijan were subjected to looting and massacres.[46][48] The Azerbaijan National Government collapsed.[49][50] On December 14, 1946, the Iranian army, supported by the United States and Great Britain, entered Tabriz.[51][52] The massacres and looting continued thereafter.[48][51] Thousands of people were arrested and exiled.[53] During the massacres, members of the Azerbaijan Democratic Party, fedayeen, and well-known poets such as Ali Fitrat, Sadi Yuzbendi, Jafar Kashif, and Muhammadbagher Niknam were killed.[54][55][56]

After the collapse of the Azerbaijan National Government

Mir Mehdi Chavushi also moved to Baku to escape persecution.[1] Although he initially engaged in literary work, his activity in this field later decreased.[57] After living in Baku for some time, he moved to Quba.[2] There, he worked as an engineer at Fruit State Farm No. 12[58] and served as the chairman of the Quba committee of the Azerbaijan Democratic Party.[59] He refused the pension granted to him by the Azerbaijan Democratic Party and approved by Moscow.[60] In the 1950s, due to the new technology he implemented at the state farm, which generated millions of rubles in revenue for the state, he was awarded 100,000 rubles by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan.[58][61] He distributed this reward to kindergartens and orphanages.[58]

He passed away in Quba in 1967.[58][2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Cənubi Azərbaycan Ədəbiyyatı Antologiyası 1988, p. 136.
  2. ^ a b c d Kafkasyalı 2002, p. 187.
  3. ^ a b Azəroğlu,Məmmədzadə 1961, p. 124.
  4. ^ Yenisey 2009, p. 135.
  5. ^ Pişəvəri 2005, p. 26.
  6. ^ a b Çeşmazər 1986, p. 35.
  7. ^ Ələkbərli 2021, p. 114.
  8. ^ Haşimi 2002, p. 123.
  9. ^ Ağayeva 2004, p. 18.
  10. ^ Ələkbərli 2021, p. 117.
  11. ^ Pişəvəri 2005, p. 308.
  12. ^ Məmmədli 2015, p. 61.
  13. ^ Ağayeva 2004, p. 7.
  14. ^ Hüseynzadə, Rəhim (2023-11-01). "Güneydə Milli Hökumətin mətbu salnaməsi". Xalq qəzeti (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 2025-01-28.
  15. ^ Əhməd, Vüqar (2015-04-23). "Bir təkan ver özünə, qalx ayağa gözlərin aç..." Xalq Cəbhəsi qəzeti. p. 14. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
  16. ^ "Nizami Gəncəvi cənublu qələm sahiblərinin gözü ilə". azertag.az (in Azerbaijani). 2023-02-07. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
  17. ^ Əliqızı 2001, p. 44.
  18. ^ Султанлы, Вагиф. Литературный процесс в годы Азербайджанского Национального Правительства (in Russian). Bakı. p. 3.
  19. ^ Məmmədli 2015, p. 62.
  20. ^ Rəhimli 2009, p. 156.
  21. ^ "Azərbaycan" qəzeti I 2022, p. 600.
  22. ^ a b Çeşmazər 1986, p. 70.
  23. ^ Atabaki 2000, p. 113.
  24. ^ Həsənli 1998, p. 269.
  25. ^ Pişəvəri 2005, p. 255.
  26. ^ a b Atabaki 2000, p. 114.
  27. ^ Həsənli 1998, p. 272.
  28. ^ "Azərbaycan" qəzeti I 2022, p. 608.
  29. ^ Həsənli 1998, p. 273.
  30. ^ Şəmidə 1961, p. 139.
  31. ^ Həsənov 2004, p. 139.
  32. ^ "Azərbaycan" qəzeti I 2022, p. 733.
  33. ^ Rəhmanifər, Məhəmməd (2015-01-04). "Güney Azərbaycanda Milli Hökumətin süqutundan sonra nələr yaşandı?". Apa.az (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 2025-01-04. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  34. ^ Həsənli 2006, p. 437.
  35. ^ a b c Həsənli 2006, p. 438.
  36. ^ Rəhimli, Əkrəm (2010). Güney Azərbaycan: tarixi, siyasi və kulturoloji müstəvidə. / S.C.Pişəvəri gənclik illərində (PDF) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Azərnəşr. p. 83. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-07-08. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  37. ^ a b Hasanli 2006, p. 366.
  38. ^ Atabaki 2000, p. 172.
  39. ^ Sultanlı 2010, p. 83.
  40. ^ Rəhimli 2003, p. 143.
  41. ^ Rəhimli, Əkrəm (2016). Pişəvəri S.C. Məqalə və çıxışlarından seçmələr (Təbriz 1945-1946-cı illər) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Nurlar nəşriyyatı. p. 415.
  42. ^ Həsənli 2006, p. 441.
  43. ^ Rossow 1956, p. 30.
  44. ^ Rəhimli 2003, p. 149.
  45. ^ Hasanli 2006, p. 370.
  46. ^ a b c Hasanli 2006, p. 373.
  47. ^ a b c Balayev 2018, p. 36.
  48. ^ a b Duqlas, Vilyam (1951). Strange lands and friendly people. Nyu-York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. p. 45.
  49. ^ Lenczowski, George (1972). "United States' Support for Iran's Independence and Integrity, 1945–1959". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 401: 49. doi:10.1177/000271627240100106. ISSN 0002-7162.
  50. ^ Həsənli 2006, p. 445.
  51. ^ a b Həsənli 2006, p. 448.
  52. ^ McEvoy, Joanne; O'Leary, Brendan (2013). Power Sharing in Deeply Divided Places. Filadelfiya: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 191. ISBN 978-0-8122-4501-1.
  53. ^ Hasanli 2006, p. 375.
  54. ^ Balayev 2018, p. 137.
  55. ^ Əmirov 2000, p. 51.
  56. ^ Əliqızı 2001, p. 24.
  57. ^ Balayev 2018, p. 143.
  58. ^ a b c d Haşimi 2002, p. 124.
  59. ^ Haşimi 2002, p. 125.
  60. ^ Uğur, Turan (2024-04-07). "Fədailərimizi tanıyaq! / Mir Mehdi Çavuşi". yazarlar.az (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 2024-05-23. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
  61. ^ Balayev 2018, p. 111.

Literature

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.