Maximiliaan Frederik Gunning

Maximiliaan Frederik Gunning
Born(1895-10-09)9 October 1895
Zwolle, Netherlands
Died13 February 1972(1972-02-13) (aged 76)
Petersfield, England
OccupationNaval engineer

Maximiliaan Frederik "Max" Gunning (9 October 1895 – 13 February 1972) was a Dutch naval engineer who designed several warships for the Royal Netherlands Navy.[1][2] He is known for designing the Dolfijn class submarines.[3][4]

Early life

Maximiliaan Frederik "Max" Gunning was born on 9 October 1985 in Zwolle, Netherlands, as son of Johannes Hermanus Gunning and Cecilia van Eeghen.[1] He was the eight and youngest son in the family.[2]

Designs

Schelde-Gunning submarine

The Schelde-Gunning submarine was a submarine design that Max Gunning developed while he was employed as chief of the naval shipbuilding department at Koninklijke Maatschappij De Schelde.[5][6] While this design was offered to Portugal and Norway via a firm in Paris, none were actually built.[5]

Portuguese tender

On 27 January 1931 a tender was sent to the Portuguese Department of the Navy for the construction of two submarines that were based on the Schelde-Gunning design.[7] The two submarines had a mass of 755 tons while surfaced and 960 tons submerged.[7] They measured 68.5 meters in length, had a beam of 5.2 meters and a draft of 4.4 meters.[7] Furthermore, they were equipped with two diesel engines that could produce 900 brake horsepower, which allowed both submarines to reach a maximum speed of 17 knots.[7]

Dolfijn class submarine

During the Second World War Gunning thought of a solution to supply food, ammunition and spare parts to allied troops on Malta.[8][9] He became convinced that submarines with multiple pressure hulls could deliver more supplies than submarines with a single pressure hull and also the ships that managed to evade the enemy.[8][9] However, before his submarine design could be realized the situation surrounding Malta changed and as a result his design was shelved.[8][9] After the Second World War he used his ideas to develop the Dolfijn class submarine.[10][11] The design of the Dolfijn class consisted of a outer hull in the general shape of a triangle, with three parallel pressure cylinders arranged inside the triangle.[12][13][14]

References

  1. ^ a b "Gunning, Maximiliaan Frederik (1895-1972)". Huygens ING (in Dutch). 12 November 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Designer Maximiliaan Frederik (Max) Gunning, naval engineer 1895 †1972". Alcyone-Archive.
  3. ^ de Bles, Boven and Homburg (2006), p. 102.
  4. ^ "Koninklijke Marine bouwt nieuw type onderzeeboot". De Uittlaat (in Dutch). Vol. 7, no. 8. 1 August 1952. p. 9.
  5. ^ a b Ron van Maanen (12 June 2015). "Onderzeebootbouw in Vlissingen tussen 1904 en 1940". Zeeuws Archief (in Dutch).
  6. ^ "The never built Dutch Schelde -Gunning submarine minelayer of the 1930s". Warships Research. April 2017.
  7. ^ a b c d "Mine laying submarines offered by Dutch shipyard Kon.Mij. De Schelde at Vlissingen, Netherlands to Portuguese navy in 1931". Warships Research. February 2014.
  8. ^ a b c "Driecilinder onderzeeboten". Marineschepen.nl (in Dutch). 9 May 2023.
  9. ^ a b c "Enige drie-cilinder onderzeeboten ter wereld: Dolfijn en Zeehond duiken naar diepten van ongeveer 300 meter - Nederlandse ir. M. Gunning vond principe van de drie cilinders" (in Dutch). Leeuwarder courant. 28 April 1960.
  10. ^ "Revolutionnaire vinding van Ir Gunning: Drie sigaar vormige buizen: EEN ONDERZEEBOOT - Vier schepen in aanbouw" (in Dutch). De Volkskrant. 5 July 1952.
  11. ^ Woudstra (1982), p. 109.
  12. ^ Pieter L. van Ewijk (January 1991). "DUTCH TRIPLE HULL DESIGN REVISITED". Naval Submarine League.
  13. ^ Grove (1990), p. 183.
  14. ^ Gardiner, Chumbley and Budzbon (1995), p. 279.

Bibliography

  • de Bles, Harry; Boven, Graddy; Homburg, Leon (2006). Onderzeeboten! (in Dutch). Zaltbommel/Den Helder: Aprilis/Marinemuseum. ISBN 9059941306.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen; Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
  • Grove, Eric J. (1990). NATO Major Warships: Europe. London: Tri-Service Press. ISBN 1-85400-006-3.
  • Woudstra, F.G.A. (1982). Onze Koninklijke Marine (in Dutch). Alkmaar: De Alk. ISBN 90-6013-915-1.
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