Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya

Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya CIE (22 February 1836 – 12 April 1906) was an Indian Sanskrit scholar during the Bengal Renaissance. He served as the principal of Sanskrit College from 1876 to 1895, and was a colleague of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya was born on 22 February 1836 into the Kulin Brahmin Bhattacharyya family of Narit. His father, Harinarayan Tarka Siddhanta, and his two uncles, Guruprasad Tarka Panchanan and Thakurdas Churamani, were Pandits. His elder brother, Pandit Madhab Chandra Sarvabhauma, was the Sabha Pandit of Mahishadal Raj.

In 1848, he married Mandakini daughter of Pandit Ram Chand Tarkabagish, in Jehanabad, Hooghly.

He had a daughter, Manorama, and three sons: Manmatha Nath Vidyaratna Bhattacharyya (born April 1863), who became the first Indian Accountant General of Madras; Munindra Nath Bhattacharyya (born February 1868), who served as an attorney of the High Court of Calcutta; and Mahima Nath Bhattacharyya (born April 1870), who became a collector in the Department of Excise of the Government of India.

He died on 12 April 1906, at the age of 70.

In 1876, he succeeded Prasanna Kumar Sarbadhikari as the principal of the Sanskrit College. During his 19-year tenure, he introduced the Sanskrit Title Examination to give titles to the students in specialized areas of Sanskrit learning.

He later started a secondary Anglo-Sanskrit school in his native village of Narit, named the Narit Nyayratna Institution.

He wrote and edited Kavya Prakash, Mimansa Darshan, and the Krishna Yajur Veda. He also wrote pamphlets, including remarks on Dayananda Saraswati's Veda-Bhashya, Thulasidharan Mimansa, the authorship of Mrichchhakatika, and Lupta Samvatsara. Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya, ed. (1889). The Mimansa Darsana (Bibliotheca Indica) (in Hindi). Baptist Mission Press. He also contributed to the development of roads and infrastructure, such as tramways, in Narit and Howrah.

The title of Mahamahopadhyaya was conferred on 16 February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Queen Victoria, for eminence in oriental learning. It entitled him to take rank in the Durbar immediately after the titular Rajas.

Mahesh Chandra Nyayaratna was made a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) on 24 May 1881. He also held the title of Nyayaratna.

He held positions in the following institutions:

• Foreign member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at Budapest
• Member of the Bengal Asiatic Society
• Member of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
• Member of the University of Calcutta
• Member of the Central Text Book Committee of Bengal
• Member of the Behar Sanskrit Samaj
• Member of the Anthropological Society of Bombay
• Joint Secretary of the Hindu Hostel Committee
• Member of the Bethune College Committee
• Visitor at the Government Engineering College at Shibpur, Howrah.^[1]

He was also in charge of Sanskrit education during the Bengal presidency, which then comprised the present states of West Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.^[2]

Nyayaratna Lane and Manmatha Bhattacharyya Street in Shyambazar, North Kolkata, are named after him.^[3]

• Lethbridge, R. (1893). The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire. Aakar Books. ISBN 9788187879541. Retrieved 21 August 2015. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
• Ramakrishnavivekananda.info
• Swami Vivekananda in India: A Corrective Biography by Rajagopal Chattopadhyaya
• Commonground.ca
• Myth and Mythmaking by Julia Leslie
• Frankreport.com/vivekananda/KnownLetters
• Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, Volume 6, Conversations and Dialogues
• Reminiscences of Swami Vivekananda by A. Srinivasa Pai