List of female monarchs

This article is about queens regnant and other female monarchs organised geographically. For female hereditary monarchs organised alphabetically, see List of female hereditary monarchs. For non-reigning current queens, see List of current consorts of sovereigns. For female regents, see List of regents. For elected and appointed female heads of state and government, see List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government.
  • Top left: Elizabeth II was the longest-reigning female monarch, ruling as Queen of the United Kingdom for 70 years, from 1952 to 2022.
  • Top right: Victoria ruled as Queen of the United Kingdom for 63 years, from 1837 to 1901; the longest at the time.
  • Bottom left: Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands for 58 years from 1890 to 1948, is the longest-reigning female monarch outside the United Kingdom.
  • Bottom right: Margrethe II was Queen of Denmark for 52 years, from 1972 until her abdication in 2024; she is the most recent female monarch of a sovereign state.

This is a list of current and former female monarchs regardless of title, including queens regnant, empresses regnant, pharaohs and monarchs by other titles (grand duchess, princess, etc.). Consorts, such queens consort (i.e. spouses of male monarchs) are not included, see list of current consorts of sovereigns. Female regents are not included, see list of regents.

The following is an incomplete list of women monarchs who are well known from popular writings, although many ancient and poorly documented ruling monarchs (such as those from Africa and Oceania) are omitted. Section 1 lists monarchs who ruled in their own right, such as queens regnant. Section 2 lists legendary monarchs. Section 3 lists monarchs who ruled in their own right, but had no official legal recognition while in power. Section 4 lists various female rulers who were referred to with the title "Chieftainess." Regents, such as queens regent, are not monarchs and are not included in this page. Page does include claimants and anti-rulers whose recognition among their subjects and legitimacy as monarchs are disputed.

Monarchs

Africa

North Africa

Algeria
Monarch Portrait State Reign dates Length Ref.
Cleopatra Selene II Mauretania 25–5 BC 20 years
Tin Hinan Hoggar 4th century AD Unknown
Dihya Kingdom of the Aurès c. 668–703 AD c. 35 years
Canary Islands

The Canary Islands are Spanish territories of North Africa.

Peraza family

Monarch Portrait Title State Reign dates Length Ref.
Inés Peraza[a] – Queen Lordship of the Canary Islands 1452–1477 25 years [1]

Kingdom of the Canary Islands
The title of "King/Queen of the Canary Islands" was included in the list of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown.

Monarch Portrait Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Isabella I of Castile 4 September 1479 26 November 1504 25 years, 83 days
Joanna of Castile 26 November 1504 12 April 1555 50 years, 137 days
Isabella II of Spain 29 September 1833 30 November 1833 62 days
Egypt

The first verified female monarch of Egypt is Sobekneferu of the Twelfth dynasty. However, queens from earlier periods such as Neithhotep, Merneith and Khentkaus I held powerful positions and may have ruled Egypt in their own right, but the archaeological evidence is ambiguous.[2] Many of the Ptolemaic kings co-ruled with their queens. However, Arsinoe II, Berenice II, Arsinoe III and Cleopatra I are considered monarchs by Sally-Ann Ashton, but not by Tara Sewell-Lasater.[3][4]

Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Sobekneferu Pharaoh Middle Kingdom of Egypt c. 1777 BC c. 1773 BC 3 years, 10 months and 24 days [5]
Hatshepsut Pharaoh New Kingdom of Egypt c. 1479 BC c. 1458 BC c. 21 years
Neferneferuaten Pharaoh New Kingdom of Egypt c. 1334 BC c. 1332 BC c. 2 years
Twosret Pharaoh New Kingdom of Egypt c. 1191 BC c. 1189 BC 2 years
Arsinoe II Pharaoh
(disputed) 		Ptolemaic Kingdom 273 or 272 BC 270 or 268 BC 2 to 5 years [6]
Berenice II Pharaoh
(disputed) 		Ptolemaic Kingdom 246 BC 221 BC 25 years [7]
Arsinoe III Pharaoh
(disputed) 		Ptolemaic Kingdom 220 BC 204 BC 16 years [8]
Cleopatra I Pharaoh
(disputed) 		Ptolemaic Kingdom 193 BC 176 BC 17 years [9]
Cleopatra II Pharaoh Ptolemaic Kingdom 170 BC 164 BC 51 years (Total) [10]
163 BC 127 BC
124 BC 115 BC
Cleopatra III Pharaoh Ptolemaic Kingdom c. 139 BC 130 BC c. 35 years (Total) [11]
127 BC 101 BC
Berenice III Pharaoh Ptolemaic Kingdom 101 BC 88 BC 14 years (Total) [12]
81 BC 80 BC
Cleopatra V Pharaoh Ptolemaic Kingdom 79 BC 69 BC 11 years (Total) [13]
Cleopatra VI 58 BC 57 BC [14]
Berenice IV – Pharaoh Ptolemaic Kingdom 58 BC 55 BC 3 years [15]
Cleopatra VII Pharaoh Ptolemaic Kingdom 51 BC 12 August 30 BC 21 years [16]
Arsinoe IV Pharaoh
(disputed) 		Ptolemaic Kingdom December 48 BC January 47 BC 1 or 2 months [17]
Zenobia Queen
(disputed) 		Aegyptus October 270 June 272 1 year and 9 months [18]
Shajar al-Durr Sultan Mamluk Sultanate 2 May 1250 30 July 1250 3 months
Libya
Monarch Portrait State Reign dates Length Ref.
Berenice II Cyrenaica 258–246 BC 12 years
Cleopatra Selene II Cyrenaica 34–30 BC 4 years
Sudan
Monarch Portrait Title State Reign dates Length Ref.
Nahirqo Kandake Kingdom of Kush Mid-2nd century BC – [19]
Unknown Queen[b] – Kandake Kingdom of Kush End of 2nd–first half of 1st century BC – [20]
Amanirenas Kandake Kingdom of Kush End of 1st century BC–Beginning of 1st century AD –
Amanishakheto Kandake Kingdom of Kush Early 1st century AD –
Shanakdakhete – Kandake Kingdom of Kush First half of the 1st century AD –
Nawidemak Kandake Kingdom of Kush –
Amanitore Kandake Kingdom of Kush Mid-1st century AD –
Amanikhatashan Kandake Kingdom of Kush Mid-2nd century AD – [21]
Amanikhalika Kandake Kingdom of Kush Second half of the 2nd century AD – [22]
Patrapeamani Kandake Kingdom of Kush First half of the 4th century AD – [21]
Amanipilade Kandake Kingdom of Kush Mid-4th century AD –
Gaua – Queen Dotawo c. 1520–1526 c. 6 years [23]

West Africa

Benin
Monarch State Reign dates Length Ref.
Hude Hogbonu 1746–1752 6 years [24]
The Gambia
Ghana
Monarch Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Dode Akaabi Gã Mantse Gã 1610 1635 25 years [25]
Afrakoma Ohemmaa Akwamu 1625 1640 15 years
Amoako Atta Yiadom Denkyirahene Denkyira 1770 1793 23 years
Nana Afia Dokuaa Okyenhene Akyem Abuakwa 1817 1835 18 years [26]
Ama Serwah Dwabenhene Dwaben 1838 1846 8 years
Unknown Queen Dwabenhene Dwaben 1846 Unknown –
Nana Juaben Serwah II Dwabenhene Dwaben April 1959 1966 7 years
Elizabeth II Queen Dominion of Ghana 6 March 1957 1 July 1960 3 years
Guinea-Bissau

Orango

Canhabaque

  • Idiana Ibop, also known as Juliana (reigned ?–1925)[27][28]
Côte d'Ivoire

Baoule

  • Pokou (reigned c. 1750 – c. 1760)[29] – Queen and founder of the Baoule tribe.
  • Akwa Boni (reigned c. 1760 – c. 1790)[29] – Pokou's niece who succeeded her to the throne.
Liberia
Mali

Mali Empire

Nigeria

Akure Kingdom

  • Èyé Àró (reigned 1393–1419)
  • Èyémọ̀ị́n (reigned 1705–1735)
  • Amọ́robíòjò (reigned 1850–1851)

Daura

Further information: Kabara (title)

The title "Kabara" was used by female monarchs who ruled over the Hausa people in the Middle Ages. A line of matriarchal monarchs is recorded in the Kano Chronicle that ends with the reign of Daurama in the 9th century.[31] These queens reigned from c. 700 to c. 1000.[32]

  • Kufuru
  • Ginu
  • Yakumo
  • Yakunya
  • Wanzamu
  • Yanbamu
  • Gizir-gizir
  • Inna-Gari
  • Daurama
  • Ga-Wata
  • Shata
  • Fatatuma
  • Sai-Da-Mata
  • Ja-Mata
  • Ha-Mata
  • Zama
  • Sha-Wata
  • Daurama II

Federation of Nigeria

Ifẹ

Igala Kingdom

  • Ebulejonu, also known as Ebule (reigned in the 16th century)[33]

Igodomigodo

  • Emose (reigned 584–600)
  • Orrorro (reigned 600–618)

Kumbwada
Kumbwada has been ruled by women for at least six successive generations.[34]

Ondo Kingdom

Oyo Empire

  • Orompoto (reigned c. 1555–1575) – Succeeded her brother Eguguojo to the throne.

Zazzau

  • Amina – There is controversy among scholars as to the date of her reign, one school placing her in the mid-15th century, and a second placing her reign in the mid to late 16th century.
Senegal
Further information: Lingeer

Lingeer's leadership activities were carried out at the highest tier, as a co-monarch.

Floup people

  • Ayimpène (reigned c. 1907–c. 1931)[35][36]
  • Sibeth, also spelled Sibet (reigned late 1930s–1976)[35][36]
Sierra Leone

Dominion of Sierra Leone

Koya Temne

  • Fatima (reigned 1826–1840)[37]

Kpa Mende

Central Africa

Angola
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Mussasa – Queen Imbangala 17th century Unknown –
Tembandumba Queen Imbangala 17th century Unknown –
Mwongo Matamba – Queen Matamba Unknown 1631 –
Nzinga (Ana I) Ngola Ndongo 1624 1626 2 years
1657 1663 6 years
Queen Matamba 1631 1663 32 years
Barbara – Ngola Ndongo 1663 1666 3 years
Queen Matamba
Verónica I[c] – Queen Matamba 1681 1721 40 years
Ana II[c] – Queen Matamba 1742 1756 14 years
Verónica II[c] – Queen Matamba 1756 1758 2 years
Ana III[c] – Queen Matamba 1758 1767 9 years
Kamana – Queen Jinga 1767 1810 43 years

Mbunda Kingdom

  • Vamwene Naama
  • Vamwene Yamvu
  • Vamwene Mbaao ya Chinguli (reigned in the 1500s–early 1600s)
  • Vamwene Kaamba ka Mbaao
  • Vamwene Mukenge wa Lweembe, Livindamo

Kingdom of Kongo
There were two female monarchs during Kongo Civil War.

Luvale
Nhakatolo or Nyakatolo is the hereditary queen of Luvale.

  • Nyakatolo Kuvango[38]
  • Nyakatolo Ngambo[38]
  • Nyakatolo Kutemba[38]
  • Nyakatolo Chissengo[38]
  • Lurdes Nhakatolo Tchilombo
Cameroon
  • Soukda, founder of the Mandara Kingdom (reigned c. 1500)
  • Ngoungoure, queen of Bamum (reigned 1865) – her reign lasted 30 minutes[39]
Chad

Kanem–Bornu Empire

East Africa

Comoros
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Alimah I – Sultan Ndzuwani Unknown c. 1590 – [40]
Alimah II – Sultan c. 1632 c. 1676 44 years [40]
Alimah III – Sultan c. 1676 c. 1711 35 years [40]
Alimah IV – Sultan 1788 1792 4 years [40]
Djoumbé Fatima Sultan Mwali 1842 September 1865 23 years [41]
1874 1878 4 years [41]
Salima Machamba Sultan 1888 1909 21 years [41]

Other female sultans also ruled on the Comoros, but their reign dates are unknown:

Monarch Title State Reign dates Ref.
Nyau wa Faume Sultan (Mfaume/Mfalme) Bambao Unknown [41]
Fey Beja wa Wabeja Itsandra Unknown [41]
Ja Mhaba Bajini c. 1880s [41]
Hadija bint Ahmed c. 1880s [41]
Ethiopia
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Zewditu Empress Ethiopian Empire 27 September 1916 2 April 1930 13 years, 187 days
Kenya
  • Elizabeth II, Queen of Kenya (reigned 1963–1964)
  • Mwana Mkisi, founder of Mombasa, founded in c. 900 AD
  • Mwana Inali, ruler of Kitao on Manda Island – she was the ruler of Kitao when the Pate Sultan Omar (d. 1392/3) conquered Kitao[42]
  • Mwana Mimi, ruler of the Pate Sultanate (reigned 1763–1773)[43]
Madagascar
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Rangita – Queen Vazimba 1520 1530 10 years
Rafohy – Queen Vazimba 1530 1540 10 years
Bety – Queen Betsimisaraka 1750 1762 12 years
Andrianaginarivo – Queen Boina Kingdom 1777 1778 1 year [44]
Tombola – Queen Boina Kingdom 1778 1778 Less than 1 year [44]
Ravahiny – Queen Boina Kingdom 1778 1808 30 years [44]
Ranavalona I Queen Merina Kingdom 11 August 1828 16 August 1861 33 years, 5 days
Oantitsy – Queen Boina Kingdom 1832 1836 4 years [44]
Tsiomeko – Queen Boina Kingdom 1836 1840 4 years [44]
Rasoherina Queen Merina Kingdom 12 May 1863 1 April 1868 4 years, 325 days
Ranavalona II Queen Merina Kingdom 2 April 1868 13 July 1883 15 years, 102 days
Ranavalona III Queen Merina Kingdom 30 July 1883 28 February 1897 13 years, 213 days

Ambohidratrimo

Menabe

Bemihisatra

  • Safy Mozongo – Mother of Binao
  • Binao – Daughter of Safy Mozongo

Bemazava

Antankarana

Mauritius
Mozambique

Angoche Sultanate

  • Queen of Angoche, name unknown (reigned in the 16th century) – she succeeded her brother and was succeeded by her husband Molidi[49]
Somalia
Somaliland

Sultanate of Ifat

South Sudan

Shilluk Kingdom

  • Abudok, the eighth ruler (and only queen) of the Shilluk.[51]
Tanzania

Tanganyika

Unguja

Pemba Island

  • Mwana Mize binti Muaba (reigned in the 17th century)[54]
  • Mwana Fatuma binti Dathash (reigned in the 17th century)[54]
  • Mwana Hadiya (reigned in the 17th century)[54]
  • Mwana Aisha (reigned in the 17th century)[54]

Tumbatu Island

  • Mwana wa Mwana[55]
  • Fatima[55]
  • Mwana Kazija bint Ngwale bin Kombo bin Ali[55]

Kua

  • Mother of Mwanzuani[56]
  • Mwanzuani – she succeeded her mother[56]

Mikindani

  • Sabani binti Ngumi – she was succeeded by her daughter[56]
  • Daughter of Sabani binti Ngumi[56]
Uganda
Monarch Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Nyabagabe Queen Busongora Kingdom 775 780 5 years [57]
Kudidi Empress Busongora Kingdom 950 990 40 years [57]
Nyakahongerwa Empress Busongora Kingdom 1000 1025 25 years [57]
Kogyere I Rusija-Miryango Empress Busongora Kingdom 1075 1085 40 years [57]
1090 1120 [57]
Kogyere II Empress Busongora Kingdom 1120 1130 10 years [57]
Njunaki Kamaranga Empress Busongora Kingdom 1250 1280 30 years [57]
Nyakahuma Queen Busongora Kingdom 1330 1375 45 years [57]
Kitami kya Nyawera Queen Busongora Kingdom 1685 1725 40 years [57]
Kantunguru Queen Busongora Kingdom 1740 1750 10 years [57]
Akech Queen Paroketu 1760 1787 27 years [58]
Kogyere III Ikamiro Queen Busongora Kingdom 1886 1889 3 years [57]
Elizabeth II Queen Dominion of Uganda 9 October 1962 9 October 1963 1 year

Southern Africa

Malawi
Namibia
Monarch Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Kapango Queen Mbunza c. 1750 – – [59]
Mate I Hompa Uukwangali c. 1750 – – [60]
Nankali Hompa Uukwangali c. 1770 – – [60]
Simbara Hompa Uukwangali 1785 1800 15 years [60]
Mate II Hompa Uukwangali 1800 1818 18 years [60]
Nakashwa Queen Ongandjera 1862 – – [60]
Mpande Hompa Uukwangali 1880 1886 6 years [60]
Kanuni Hompa Uukwangali 1926 1941 28 years (Total) [60]
1958 1971
Maria Mwengere Queen Shambyu 1947 1987 40 years [60]
Anna Katrina Christiaan Kaptein Bondelswarts 1977 2011 34 years [61]
Angelina Matumbo Ribebe Queen Shambyu 1989 2015 26 years [62]
Martha Nelumbu Ohmaba Oukwanyama November 2005 Incumbent 19 years to date
Sofia Mundjembwe Kanyetu Queen Shambyu 2023 Incumbent 1 year to date [63]
South Africa

AmaMpondomise

Lobedu people

Further information: Rain Queen

The Modjadji or Rain Queen is the hereditary queen of Lobedu, the people of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The succession to the position of Rain Queen is matrilineal, meaning that the Queen's eldest daughter is the heir, and that males are not entitled to inherit the throne at all. The Rain Queen is believed to have special powers, including the ability to control the clouds and rainfall.

Union of South Africa

  • Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–1961)
Zambia
Zimbabwe

Americas

North America

Canada
Mexico

Coba

  • Che'enal (reigned c. 565 – c. 574)
  • Lady Yopaat (reigned c. 600 – c. 640)
  • Lady Kʼawiil Ajaw (reigned 640–682)

Ecatepec

Palenque

Tepetlaoztoc

Toltec Empire

Toniná

Tzacoalco

Mixtec

Further information: Mixtec § Mixtec rulers
  • Lady 9 Wind Stone Quexquemitl
  • Lady 6 Monkey War Quexquemitl
  • Lady 1 Death
  • Lady 13 Flower Precious Bird
  • Lady 2 Flower Rising Jewel
  • Lady 11 Monkey Jade Spiderweb
  • Lady 11 Alligator Quetzal Jewel
  • Lady 2 Jaguar Jade Spiderweb
  • Lady 5 Rabbit Jewel
  • Lady 3 Jaguar Precious Butterfly Sun
  • Lady 6 Water Quetzal Jewel of Flower War
  • Lady 3 Rabbit Divine Flame
  • Lady 12 Flower Broken Mountain Butterfly
  • Lady 11 Rabbit Jewel of the Rising Sun
  • Lady 8 Deer Quetzal Spiderweb
  • Lady 1 Flower Jaguar Quexquemitl

Central America

Belize
  • Elizabeth II (reigned 1981–2022)

Pusilha

  • Lady Ich’aak K’inich[65] (reigned c.710–731)
Guatemala

El Perú

La Florida

  • Lady Chaak (reigned c. 731)[66]

Naranjo

Tikal

Caribbean

West Indies
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Elizabeth II Queen Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981 8 September 2022 40 years, 311 days
Queen Bahamas 10 July 1973 8 September 2022 49 years, 60 days
Queen Barbados 30 November 1966 30 November 2021 55 years, 0 days
Queen Grenada 7 February 1974 8 September 2022 48 years, 213 days
Queen Jamaica 6 August 1962 8 September 2022 60 years, 33 days
Queen Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983 8 September 2022 38 years, 354 days
Queen Saint Lucia 22 February 1979 8 September 2022 43 years, 198 days
Queen Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979 8 September 2022 42 years, 316 days
Queen Trinidad and Tobago 31 August 1962 1 August 1976 13 years, 130 days

South America

Brazil
  • Maria I (reigned as Queen of Brazil 1815–1816) – she was also Queen of Portugal in 1777–1816
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru

Asia

East Asia

China
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Daughter of Xiaoming – Empress
(disputed) 		Northern Wei 1 April 528 1 April 528 Less than 1 day
Wu Zetian Empress Wu Zhou 16 October 690 21 February 705 14 years, 128 days

Eastern Kingdom of Women
In Tibet, there was Nüguo (Chinese: 女國, lit. "Kingdom of Women"), also known as Dong nüguo (Chinese: 東女國, lit. "Eastern Kingdom of Women"), related to the tribe Sumpa.[68] Several queens regnant of there were recorded in Chinese history books.

Wuman

  • Acha (Cuanman) (Chinese: 阿姹) – her son Cuan Shouyu submitted to Geluofeng of Nanzhao, and instead she declared herself "Wáng of the Wuman tribe (烏蠻部落王)"[72]
Japan
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Himiko – Queen Yamatai c. 180 c. 247 or 248 67 or 68 years [73]
Toyo – Queen Yamatai c. 248 Unknown – [74]
Suiko Empress Yamato 15 January 593 15 April 628 35 years, 91 days [75]
Kōgyoku Empress Yamato 19 February 642 12 July 645 3 years, 143 days [76]
Saimei 14 February 655 24 August 661 6 years, 191 days
Jitō Empress Japan 686 697 11 years [77]
Genmei Empress Japan 17 August 707 3 October 715 8 years, 47 days [78]
Genshō Empress Japan 3 October 715 3 March 724 8 years, 152 days [79]
Kōken Empress Japan 19 August 749 7 September 758 8 years, 324 days
Shōtoku 6 November 764 28 August 770 5 years, 295 days
Meishō Empress Japan 22 December 1629 14 November 1643 13 years, 327 days [80]
Go-Sakuramachi Empress Japan 15 September 1762 9 January 1771 8 years, 116 days [81]
Korea
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Seondeok Queen Silla 632 647 15 years
Jindeok – Queen Silla 647 654 7 years
Jinseong – Queen Silla 887 897 10 years

South Asia

Bangladesh
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Kalindi – Rani Chakma Circle 1832 1873 41 years
India
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Tribhuvana Mahadevi I – Maharajadhiraja Bhauma-Kara dynasty 845 850 5 years
Tribhuvana Mahadevi II – Maharajadhiraja Bhauma-Kara dynasty 890 896 6 years [82]
Tribhuvana Mahadevi III – Maharajadhiraja Bhauma-Kara dynasty 896 905 9 years [83]
Sugandha – Queen Utpala dynasty 904 906 2 years
Gauri Mahadevi – Maharajadhiraja Bhauma-Kara dynasty c. 910 c. 916 c. 6 years
Dandi Mahadevi – Maharajadhiraja Bhauma-Kara dynasty c. 916 c. 936 c. 20 years
Vakula Mahadevi – Maharajadhiraja Bhauma-Kara dynasty c. 936 c. 940 c. 4 years
Dharma Mahadevi – Maharajadhiraja Bhauma-Kara dynasty c. 940 c. 950 c. 10 years
Didda – Queen Utpala dynasty 980 1003 23 years
Razia Sultana Sultana Delhi Sultanate 19 November 1236 20 April 1240 3 years, 153 days
Rudrama Devi Maharaja Kakatiya dynasty c. 1262 November 1289 c. 27 years
Ballamahadevi – Maharajadhiraja Alupa dynasty 1275 1292 17 years
Kota Rani – Maharani Lohara dynasty 1338 1339 1 year
Lakhima Devi – Maharani Oiniwar dynasty 1416 1428 12 years [84]
Visvasa Devi – Maharani Oiniwar dynasty 1431 1443 12 years [85]
Abbakka Chowta Rani Ullal 1525 1570 45 years
Chennabhairadevi – Rani Gerusoppa 1552 1606 54 years [86]
Keladi Chennamma – Rani Keladi Nayaka Kingdom 1672 1697 25 years
Ali Raja Bibi Harrabichi Kadavube – Arakkal Beevi Arakkal kingdom 1728 1732 4 years
Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe I – Arakkal Beevi Arakkal kingdom 1732 1745 13 years
Sujana Bai Rani Thanjavur Maratha kingdom 1737 1738 1 year
Virammaji – Rani Keladi Nayaka Kingdom 1757 1763 6 years
Ahilyabai Holkar Maharani Indore State 1 December 1767 13 August 1795 27 years, 255 days
Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe II – Arakkal Beevi Arakkal kingdom 1777 1819 42 years
Velu Nachiyar Rani Sivaganga estate c. 1780 c. 1790 c. 10 years
Daya Kaur – Rani Nishanwalia Misl 1786 1808 22 years [87]
1809 1823 14 years
Vellacci – Rani Sivaganga estate c. 1790 c. 1793 c. 3 years
Devammaji – Rani Kingdom of Coorg 1809 1811 2 years [88]
Gowri Lakshmi Bayi Maharani Travancore kingdom 7 November 1810 1813 3 years
Qudsia Begum Nawab Begum Bhopal State 1819 1837 18 years [89]
Mohan Kumari – Rani Sambalpur State 1827 1833 6 years [90]
Shah Jahan Begum Nawab Begum Bhopal State 1844 30 September 1860 14 years
30 October 1868 16 June 1901 32 years, 229 days
Mukhyapan Devi – Rani Sambalpur State 1849 1849 Less than 1 year [90]
Bai Saheb Daphle – Rani Daphlapur State 16 December 1885 13 January 1917 31 years, 28 days
Sikandar Begum Nawab Begum Bhopal State 30 September 1860 30 October 1868 8 years, 30 days
Victoria Empress British Raj 1 May 1876 22 January 1901 24 years, 266 days
Sultan Jahan Nawab Begum Bhopal State 16 June 1901 20 April 1926 24 years, 308 days
Prafulla Kumari Devi – Rani Bastar State 23 November 1922 28 February 1936 13 years, 97 days

Quilon

  • Queen of Quilon, name unknown (reigned in the early 16th century) – she concluded a treaty with Lopo Soares in 1516[91]

Attingal
Attingal was an independent principality until 1729 when Marthanda Varma ascended the throne and incorporated Attingal in Travancore.[91]

  • Makayiram Thirunal (reigned as junior queen ?–? and as senior queen ?–1678)[92]
  • Umayamma Rani (reigned as junior queen ?–1678 and as senior queen 1678–1698)
  • Pooruruttathi Thirunal from Kolathunadu, name unknown (reigned as junior queen ?–1698 and as senior queen 1698–1729)[93][91]

Kottarakkara

Maldives
Monarch Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Srimati Damahara Queen Kingdom of Dheeva Maari 10th century 10th century –
Khadijah Sultana Sultanate of Maldives 1347 1362 28 years (Total)
1363 1373
1376 1379
Raadhafathi Sultana 1379 1380 1 year
Dhaain Sultana 1384 1388 4 years
Kuda Kala Kamanafaanu Sultana 1609 1613 4 years
Amina Kabafaanu Sultana 1753 1754 1 year
Amina Rani Kilegefaanu Sultana 1757 1759 2 years
Nepal
Monarch Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Ganga Rani Rani Kingdom of Bhaktapur 1560 Unknown –
Pakistan

Assacani

Dominion of Pakistan

  • Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–1956)

Gilgit

  • Dadi Jawari (reigned 1642—1667 and 1689—1705) — also known as Malika Jawahir Khatun
  • Malika Sahibnuma, also spelled as Sahebnuma[95] (reigned 1825–1828)[96]

Kanhaiya Misl

Soomra dynasty

  • Hamoon (reigned 1107) – she occupied the throne after her husband Sanghar's death, but was soon crushed by the nobles[97]
Sri Lanka
Further information: List of Sinhalese female monarchs
Monarch Picture Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Anula – Queen Anuradhapura Kingdom 47 BCE 42 BCE 5 years
Sivali – Queen Anuradhapura Kingdom 35 CE 35 CE 4 months
Sugala Devi – Queen Principality of Ruhuna Unknown 1158 –
Lilavati – Queen Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 1197 1200 5 years (Total)
1209 1210
1211 1212
Kalyanavati – Queen Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 1202 1208 6 years
Kusumasana Devi Queen Kingdom of Kandy 1581 1581 Less than 1 year
Elizabeth II Queen Dominion of Ceylon 6 February 1952 22 May 1972 20 years, 106 days

Southeast Asia

Cambodia
Monarch Picture Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Soma – Queen Funan 68 CE Unknown –
Kulaprabhavati – Queen Funan 514 517 3 years
Kambuja-raja-lakshmi – Queen Chenla 575 580 5 years
Jayadevi – Queen Chenla c. 681 c. 713 32 years
Indrani – Queen Sambhupura 8th century – –
Nṛpatendradevī – Queen Sambhupura 8th century – –
Jayendrabhā – Queen Sambhupura 8th century – –
Jyeṣṭhāryā – Queen Sambhupura c. 803 Unknown –
Tey – Queen Kingdom of Cambodia 1687 1687 Few months
Ang Mey Queen Kingdom of Cambodia May 1835 1840 5 years
March 1844 October 1846 2 years, 7 months
Sisowath Kossamak Queen Kingdom of Cambodia 20 June 1960 9 October 1970 10 years, 111 days
Indonesia
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Shima – Queen Kalingga Kingdom c. 674 c. 695 21 years
Sri Isyana Tunggawijaya – Maharani Mataram Kingdom 947 c. 958 11 years
Śri Wijaya Mahadewi – Queen Bali Kingdom 983 989 6 years
Mahendradatta – Queen Bali Kingdom 989 1007 17 years
Śri Ajñadewi – Queen Bali Kingdom c. 1016 Unknown –
Śri Maharaja Sakalendukirana Laksmidhara Wijayottunggadewi – Queen Bali Kingdom 1088 1101 13 years
Arjayadengjayaketana – Queen Bali Kingdom 1181 1200 19 years
Unknown Queen[d] – Queen Bali Kingdom Unknown 1284 – [98]
Permaisuri Iskandar Syah[e] – Queen Kingdom of Bentan c. 1290 Unknown – [99]
Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi Maharani Majapahit Empire 1328 1350 22 years
Wa Kaa Kaa – Queen Buton 1332 Unknown – [100]
Bulawambona – Queen Buton 14th century 14th century – [100]
Tumanurung Baine – Queen Gowa c. 14th century c. 14th century –
Nur Ilah – Sultana Samudera Pasai Sultanate 1360/69 1380/89 20 years
Nahrasiyah Sultana Samudera Pasai Sultanate 1406 1428 22 years
Tekkawanua – Datu Kingdom of Soppeng 1408 1438 30 years [101]
Suhita Maharani Majapahit Empire 1429 1447 18 years
Benrigau' – Arumpone Bone State 1470 1490 20 years [102]
Ratu Kalinyamat Sultana Kalinyamat Sultanate c. 1549 c. 1579 30 years
Tenri-Rawe – Datu Kingdom of Luwu 1571 1587 16 years [103]
Sambo – Queen Kingdom of Tallo 1576 1590 14 years
Tenri-Tuppu – Arumpone Bone State 1602 1611 9 years [102]
Ratu Sukadana – Queen Kingdom of Matan 1608 1622 14 years
Taj ul-Alam Safiatuddin Syah Sultana Aceh Sultanate 18 February 1641 23 October 1675 34 years, 247 days
Nyai Cili – Queen Solor 1646 1664 18 years [104]
Adang – Datu Kingdom of Soppeng 1654 1666 12 years [105]
Nyai Cili Muda – Queen Solor 1664 1686 22 years [104]
Bi Sonbai – Keizerin Sonbai Kecil 1672 1717 45 years [106]
Nurul Alam Naqiatuddin Syah – Sultana Aceh Sultanate 23 October 1675 23 January 1678 2 years, 92 days
Inayat Zakiatuddin Syah – Sultana Aceh Sultanate 23 January 1678 3 February 1688 10 years, 11 days
Aji Ragi – Queen Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate 1686 1700 14 years [107]
Zainatuddin Kamalat Syah – Sultana Aceh Sultanate 3 October 1688 October 1699 11 years
Pattekke-Tana I – Datu Tanette 1690 1733 43 years [108]
Batari Tungke – Datu Kingdom of Luwu 1706 1715 9 years [103]
Batari Toja – Sultana Bone State 1714 1715 1 year [102]
1724 1738 14 years
1741 1749 8 years
Datu Kingdom of Luwu 1715 1748 33 years [103]
Datu Kingdom of Soppeng 1727 1737 10 years [109]
1742 1744 2 years
Unknown Queen – Liurai Wehali c. 1732 Unknown – [110]
Tenri-Leleang – Datu Tanette 1744 1750 6 years [108]
Datu Kingdom of Luwu 1748 1760 12 years [103]
1765 1778 13 years
Kamalat Syah – Sultana Bima Sultanate 1748 1751 3 years
Raden Ayu Tirtonegoro[f] – Adipati Duchy of Sumenep 1750 1762 12 years [111]
Siti Aisyah – Sultana Sumbawa Sultanate 1759 1761 2 years [112]
Sitti Saleh I – Sultana Kingdom of Tallo 1767 1777 10 years
Shafiyatuddin – Sultana Sumbawa Sultanate 1791 1795 4 years [112]
Tenri-Awaru I – Datu Kingdom of Luwu 1810 1825 15 years [103]
Datu Kingdom of Soppeng 1820 1840 20 years [113]
Sitti Saleh II – Sultana Kingdom of Tallo 1814 1824 10 years
Istri Kanya – Dewa Agung Kingdom of Klungkung 1814 1850 36 years
Unknown Queen – Liurai Wehali c. 1814 Unknown – [110]
Maniratu – Sultana Bone State 1823 1835 12 years [102]
Tanisanga – Datu Tanette 1824 1829 5 years [108]
Aisyah – Sultana Kingdom of Tallo 1845 1850 5 years
Tenri-Olle Datu Tanette 1855 1910 55 years [108]
Tenri-Awaru II – Sultana Bone State 1857 1860 3 years [102]
Banrigau' – Sultana Bone State 1871 1895 24 years [102]
Sitti Zaenab – Datu Kingdom of Soppeng 1895 1940 45 years [101]
Kambo Datu Kingdom of Luwu 1901 1935 34 years [103]
Pancaitana – Datu Tanette 1910 1926 16 years [108]
Pattekke-Tana II – Datu Tanette 1926 1927 1 year [108]
Laos
Monarch Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Nang Keo Phimpha Queen Lan Xang 1438 1438 Few months
Myanmar
Monarch Picture Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Kuverami – Queen Waithali 334 341 7 years [114]
Saw Yin Mi – Queen Sandoway 1420s 1437
Shin Sawbu Queen Hanthawaddy 1454 1471 17 years
Wife of Sao Ne Ya – Saopha Laihka State 1680 1683 3 years [115]
Youngest Sister of Hkun Hkawt – Saopha 1866 1868 2 years [116]
Philippines

Pasig

Kingdom of Maynila

  • Queen of Maynila, name unknown (reigned c. 1521) – she succeeded her husband Salalila and was succeeded by her son Matanda; according to oral traditions, her name is "Ysmeria"

Sultanate of Sulu

  • Nur ul-Azam (reigned c. 1685)[117]
Thailand

Hariphunchai

Pattani

  • Ratu Hijau, 'the Green Queen' (reigned 1584–1616)
  • Ratu Biru, 'the Blue Queen' (reigned 1616–1624)
  • Ratu Ungu, 'the Purple Queen' (reigned 1624–1635)
  • Ratu Kuning, 'the Yellow Queen' (reigned 1635–1651)[118]
  • Raja Mas Kelantan (reigned 1670–1698)[118]
  • Raja Mas Chayam (reigned 1698–1702 and 1716–1718)[118]
  • Raja Dewi (reigned 1702–1711)[118]

Lanna

Timor-Leste

There were many chiefdoms on Timor, but according to the hierarchy among the Timorese domains, the ruler of Sonbai of West Timor, the ruler of Wehali of Central Timor, and the ruler of Likusaen (today: Liquiçá) of East Timor were three paramount rulers of Timor.[119]

Liquiçá

  • Ursula da Costa (reigned c. 1818)[120]
  • Dona Gracia da Costa Rodrigues Pereira (reigned c. 1881 – c. 1883)[120]
  • Dona Engracia da Costa Delgado (reigned c. 1890 – c. 1892)[120]
Vietnam
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Trưng Trắc Queen Jiaozhi 40 43 3 years
Trưng Nhị
Triệu Ẩu Lady Jiaozhou 248 248 Less than 1 year
Daughter of Kandarpadharma – Queen Champa Unknown 653 –
Lý Chiêu Hoàng – Empress Đại Việt 1224 1225 1 year

West Asia

Iran
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Anzaze Basilissa Elymais c. 82 or 81 BCE c. 75 BCE c. 6 or 7 years
Musa Basilissa Parthian Empire 2 BCE 4 CE 6 years
Ulfan – Basilissa Elymais 2nd century CE 2nd century CE –
Boran Banbishn Sasanian Empire 630 630 Less than 1 year
June 631 June 632 1 year
Azarmidokht – Banbishn Sasanian Empire 630 631 1 year
Sulafa Khatun – Atabeg Ahmadilis 1209 1225 16 years
Kutlugh Turkan – Khatun Qutlugh-Khanids 1257 1282 25 years
Abish Khatun – Atabeg Salghurids 1264 1284 20 years
Padishah Khatun Khatun Qutlugh-Khanids 1292 1295 3 years
Kurdujin Khatun[g] – Khatun Qutlugh-Khanids June or July 1295 November 1295 4 or 5 months
Dawlat Khatun – Atabeg Khorshidi dynasty 1316 1316 –
Sati Beg – Il khan Ilkhanate July or August 1338 May 1339 9 or 10 months
Iraq
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Puabi Nin First Dynasty of Ur c. 2600 BC – –
Tandu Khatun – Sultan Jalayirid Sultanate 1411 1419 8 years
Mir Xanzad – Mir Soran Emirate c. 1590 or c. 1620 – 7 years
Israel and Palestine
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Lady of the Lions – Nin Beit Shemesh c. 1350 BC – – [121]
Athaliah Queen Kingdom of Judah c. 841 BC c. 835 BC 6 years
Salome Alexandra Queen Hasmonean dynasty c. 76 BC c. 67 BC 9 years
Salome I – Toparch Herodian dynasty 4 BC 10 AD 14 years
Berenice Queen Herodian dynasty 48 – –
Melisende Queen Kingdom of Jerusalem 1131 1153 22 years
Sibylla Queen Kingdom of Jerusalem 1186 1190 4 years
Isabella I Queen Kingdom of Jerusalem 1190 1205 15 years
Maria Queen Kingdom of Jerusalem 1205 1212 7 years
Isabella II Queen Kingdom of Jerusalem 1212 1228 16 years
Jordan

Gileadite

Nabatea

Lebanon

Tripoli
The County of Tripoli was an autonomous state.[122]

Saudi Arabia

Bāzu

  • Iapa, queen of the city Dihrani – Esarhaddon conquered eight kings and queens of the land Bāzu[123]
  • Baslu, queen of the city Ihilum – Esarhaddon conquered eight kings and queens of the land Bāzu[123]

Qedarite

  • Zabibe (reigned c. 750–735 BC)
  • Samsi (reigned c. 735–710 BC)
  • Yatie (reigned c. 710–695 BC)
  • Te'el-hunu (reigned c. 695–690 BC)
  • Tabua (reigned c. 678–675 BC)
Syria

Tanukhids

  • Mavia (reigned 375–425) – "The Queen of the Arabs"

Seleucid Empire

Palmyrene Empire

  • Zenobia (reigned 272) – she ruled mostly as regent for her son but reigned briefly under the regnal name Septimia Zenobia Augusta in 272.
Turkey

Antioch
The Principality of Antioch was an autonomous state.[122]

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

  • Isabella (reigned 1219–1252) – she co-ruled with her husband Hethum I from 1226

Caria

Dardania

Heraclea Pontica

Pontus

Olba Kingdom

Prusias ad Mare

Saltukid dynasty

Trebizond

Yemen
Monarch Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Asma bint Shihab Queen Sulayhid dynasty 1047 1087 40 years
Arwa al-Sulayhi Queen 1067 1138 71 years

Central Asia

Afghanistan
  • Queen of Greater Yuezhi, name unknown (reigned in the 2nd century BC) – after the king of the Greater Yuezhi was killed by the Xiongnu, his wife became the new monarch of Greater Yuezhi[124][125]
Uzbekistan

North Asia

Siberia
  • Botohui-Tarhun (reigned in the 13th century) — queen of Khori-Tumed

Europe

Central Europe

Austria, Hungary, Croatia, and Czechia
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Fritigil Queen Marcomanni Late 4th century – –
Mary[h] Queen Hungary 10 September 1382 December 1385 3 years and 4 months
Croatia
Hungary 24 February 1386 17 May 1395 9 years, 82 days
Croatia
Maria Theresa Archduchess Austria 20 October 1740 29 November 1780 40 years, 40 days
Queen Hungary
Croatia
Bohemia 19 December 1741 1 year, 60 days
12 May 1743 29 November 1780 37 years, 201 days
Poland and Lithuania
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Jadwiga[h] Queen Poland 16 October 1384 17 July 1399 14 years, 274 days
Anna Queen Poland 15 December 1575 19 August 1587 11 years, 247 days
Grand Duchess Lithuania

Eastern Europe

Armenia
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Erato Queen Kingdom of Armenia 8 BC 5 BC 3 years
2 BC 2 AD 4 years
6 AD 12 AD 6 years
Azerbaijan
Monarch Portrait Title State Reign dates Ref.
Dinar Queen Kingdom of Hereti c. 1010s
Georgia
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Tamar I Mepe Kingdom of Georgia 27 March 1184 18 January 1213 28 years, 297 days
Rusudan Mepe Kingdom of Georgia 18 January 1223 1245 22 years
Tamar II – Queen Kingdom of Kartli 1744 12 April 1746 2 years
Russia
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Camasarye Philotecnus – Queen Bosporan Kingdom c. 180 BC c. 150 BC c. 30 years
Dynamis Queen Bosporan Kingdom 47 BC 47 BC Less than 1 year
44 BC 13 BC 31 years
8 BC 8 AD 16 years
Gepaepyris – Queen Bosporan Kingdom 37 or 38 39 1 or 2 years
Boa – Queen Sabir people 520s – – [126]
Tulun Beg – Khanum Blue Horde 1370 1371 1 year
Fatima Soltan – Khanbika Qasim Khanate 1679 1681 2 years
Irina Godunova Tsaritsa
(disputed) 		Tsardom of Russia 26 January 1598 3 March 1598 36 days
Catherine I Empress Russian Empire 8 February 1725 17 May 1727 2 years, 98 days
Anna Empress Russian Empire 26 February 1730 28 October 1740 10 years, 245 days
Elizabeth Empress Russian Empire 6 December 1741 5 January 1762 20 years, 30 days
Catherine II Empress Russian Empire 9 July 1762 17 November 1796 34 years, 131 days

Northern Europe

Denmark, Norway and Sweden
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length of reign Ref.
Åsa – Queen Agder c. 814 c. 834 20 years
Margaret I Queen Denmark 10 August 1387 28 October 1412 25 years, 79 days
Norway 2 February 1388 24 years, 269 days
Sweden 24 February 1389 23 years, 247 days
Christina Queen Sweden 16 November 1632 16 June 1654 21 years, 212 days
Ulrika Eleonora Queen Sweden 5 December 1718 29 February 1720 1 year, 86 days
Margrethe II Queen Denmark 14 January 1972 14 January 2024 52 years, 0 days

Western Europe

Luxembourg and Belgium

Burgundian Netherlands

Spanish Netherlands

Austrian Netherlands

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

Netherlands
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length of reign Ref.
Wilhelmina Queen Netherlands 23 November 1890 4 September 1948 57 years, 286 days
Juliana Queen Netherlands 4 September 1948 30 April 1980 31 years, 239 days
Beatrix Queen Netherlands 30 April 1980 30 April 2013 33 years, 0 days
Monaco
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length of reign Ref.
Claudine Lady Monaco July 1457 16 March 1458 c. 8 months
Louise Hippolyte Princess Monaco 20 February 1731 29 December 1731 312 days
United Kingdom and Ireland
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Cartimandua Queen Brigantes c. 43 c. 69 c. 25 years
Boudica Queen Iceni c. 60 c. 61 c. 1 year
Seaxburh – Queen Wessex c. 672 c. 674 c. 2 years
Æthelflæd Lady Mercia 911 918 c. 7 years
Ælfwynn – Lady Mercia 12 June 918 4 December 918 175 days
Matilda Lady (disputed) England 8 April 1141 1148 c. 7 years [128]
Margaret Queen (disputed) Scotland 19 March 1286 September 1290 4 years, 6 months
Mary Queen Scotland 14 December 1542 24 July 1567 24 years, 222 days
Jane Queen (disputed) England 10 July 1553 19 July 1553 9 days [129]
Ireland
Mary I Queen England 24 July 1553 17 November 1558 5 years, 116 days
Ireland
Elizabeth I Queen England 17 November 1558 24 March 1603 44 years, 127 days
Ireland
Mary II Queen England 13 February 1689 28 December 1694 5 years, 318 days
Ireland
Scotland 11 April 1689 5 years, 261 days
Anne Queen England 8 March 1702 1 May 1707 5 years, 54 days
Scotland
Ireland 1 August 1714 12 years, 146 days
Great Britain 1 May 1707 7 years, 92 days
Victoria Queen United Kingdom 20 June 1837 22 January 1901 63 years, 216 days
Elizabeth II Queen United Kingdom 6 February 1952 8 September 2022 70 years, 214 days

Picts

  • Pictish Queen, name unknown (reigned c. 617) – in 617, she summoned pirates to massacre Donnán and his companions on the island of Eigg; she is the only woman ruler mentioned in early Scottish history[130]

Southern Europe

Albania

With the fall of the Serbian Empire after 1355, for a period Albania were ruled by local chieftains. In the 14th and 15th centuries Ottoman Empire conquered the sovereign Albanian principalities.[131]

Monarch Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Joanna Duchess Duchy of Durrës 1348 1368 20 years
1376 1383 7 years
Helena Thopia Lady Principality of Albania 1388 1392 4 years
1394 1403 9 years
Comita Muzaka Lady Principality of Vlorë 1385 1396 11 years
Rugjina Balsha Lady Principality of Vlorë 1414 1417 3 years

Illyria

  • Caeria (reigned ?–344/343 BC)
Bosnia
Bulgaria

Odrysian kingdom

Cyprus
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Charlotte Queen Kingdom of Cyprus 28 July 1458 1464 6 years
Catherine Cornaro Queen Kingdom of Cyprus 26 August 1474 26 February 1489 14 years, 184 days
Greece
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Irene of Athens Empress Byzantine Empire 15 January 792 31 October 802 10 years, 289 days
Thekla Empress Byzantine Empire 842 856 14 years
Zoe Porphyrogenita Empress Byzantine Empire 21 April 1042 11 June 1042 51 days
Theodora Porphyrogenita Empress Byzantine Empire 21 April 1042 31 August 1056 14 years, 132 days
Eudokia Makrembolitissa Empress
(disputed) 		Byzantine Empire 22/23 May 1067 31 December 1067 223 days

Kingdom of Epirus

Despotate of Epirus

Latin Empire

  • Yolanda (reigned 1217–1219, disputed)

Frankokratia
Latin Empire was disestablished in 1261, but Latin states in Greece, also known as Frankokratia, continued to recognize Latin emperors in exile as their overlords until 1383.

Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length of reign Ref.
Catherine I Empress Latin states in Greece 15 December 1283 11 October 1307 23 years, 300 days
Catherine II Empress Latin states in Greece 11 October 1307 October 1346 c. 39 years

Thessalonica
Two Byzantine empresses reigned with autonomy in Thessalonica.

Polis

Italy
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length of reign Ref.
Amalasuintha Queen Ostrogothic Kingdom 2 October 534 30 April 535 210 days
Elena of Gallura Judge Judicate of Gallura 1203 1218 approx. 15 years
Benedetta of Cagliari Judge Judicate of Cagliari 1214 1233 approx. 9 years
Adelasia of Torres Judge Judicate of Logudoro 1236 1259 approx. 23 years
Joanna of Gallura[i] Judge Judicate of Gallura 1296 1308 approx. 12 years
Eleanor of Arborea Judge Judicate of Arborea 1383 June 1404 approx. 21 years
Constance I of Sicily Queen Kingdom of Sicily 25 December 1194 27 November 1198 3 years, 337 days
Constance II of Sicily Queen Kingdom of Sicily 1282 1285 approx. 3 years [132]
Joanna I of Naples Queen Kingdom of Naples 20 January 1343 25 August 1381 38 years, 217 days
Maria of Sicily Queen Kingdom of Sicily 27 July 1377 25 May 1401 23 years, 302 days
Joanna II of Naples Queen Kingdom of Naples 6 August 1414 2 February 1435 20 years, 180 days
Joanna of Castile Queen Kingdom of Sicily 23 January 1516 12 April 1555 39 years, 79 days
Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Sardinia
Elisa Bonaparte[j] Princess Principality of Lucca and Piombino 19 March 1805 18 March 1814 8 years, 364 days
Grand Duchess Grand Duchy of Tuscany 3 March 1809 1 February 1814 4 years, 335 days
Pauline Bonaparte[j] Duchess Duchy of Guastalla 30 March 1806 14 August 1806 137 days
Marie Louise[k] Duchess Duchy of Parma and Piacenza 11 April 1814 17 December 1847 33 years, 250 days
Duchy of Guastalla
Maria Luisa of Spain[k] Duchess Duchy of Lucca 9 June 1815 13 March 1824 8 years, 278 days
Maria Beatrice d'Este[l] Duchess Duchy of Massa 1815 14 November 1829 approx 14 years
Princess Principality of Carrara
Portugal
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Theresa Queen
(disputed) 		Portugal 1116 24 June 1128 approx. 12 years
Beatrice Queen
(disputed) 		Portugal 1383 1385 approx. 2 years
Maria I Queen Portugal 24 February 1777 20 March 1816 39 years, 25 days
Maria II Queen Portugal 2 May 1826 23 June 1828 2 years, 52 days
26 May 1834 15 November 1853 19 years, 173 days
Romania

Transylvania
The Principality of Transylvania was an autonomous state.[133]

Spain and Andorra
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Jimena Díaz Princess Principality of Valencia 1099 1102
Urraca Empress Hispania 30 June 1109 8 March 1126 16 years, 251 days
Queen León
Queen Castile
Queen Galicia 1111
Petronilla Queen Aragon 13 November 1137 18 July 1164 26 years, 248 days
Urraca the Asturian Queen Kingdom of Artajona 1144 1153
Berengaria Queen Castile 6 June 1217 31 August 1217 86 days
Queen Toledo
Sancha Queen León 24 September 1230 11 December 1230 78 days
Queen Galicia
Dulce Queen León 24 September 1230 11 December 1230 78 days
Queen Galicia
Joan I Queen Navarre 22 July 1284 2 April 1305 20 years, 254 days
Joan II Queen Navarre 1 April 1328 6 October 1349 21 years, 188 days
Isabella of Foix-Castelbon Co-Princess Andorra 1398 1412
Blanche I Queen Navarre 8 September 1425 1 April 1441 15 years, 205 days
Blanche II Queen Navarre 23 September 1461 2 December 1464 3 years, 70 days
Isabella I Queen Castile 11 December 1474 26 November 1504 29 years, 351 days
Queen León
Eleanor Queen Navarre 28 January 1479 12 February 1479 15 days
Catherine Queen Navarre 7 January 1483 12 February 1517 34 years, 36 days
Co-Princess Andorra
Joanna the Mad Queen Castile 26 November 1504 12 April 1555 50 years, 137 days
Queen Aragon 23 January 1516 39 years, 79 days
Queen Upper Navarre
Jeanne d'Albret Queen Lower Navarre 25 May 1555 9 June 1572 17 years, 15 days
Co-Princess Andorra
Isabella II Queen Spain 29 September 1833 30 September 1868 35 years, 1 day
Queen Upper Navarre 30 November 1833 62 days
Malta
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Elizabeth II Queen Malta 21 September 1964 13 December 1974 10 years, 83 days
Montenegro

Duklja

  • Neda (reigned 1043–1046)

Oceania

Australasia

Australia
New Zealand
  • Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022)

Rarotonga

Melanesia

Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands
Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Elizabeth II Tui Viti Fiji 1970 1987
Queen Papua New Guinea 1975 2022
Queen Solomon Islands 1978 2022

Polynesia

American Samoa
  • Tuimanufili (reigned as 20th Tui Manu'a)
  • Siliave (reigned as 23rd Tui Manu'a)
  • Seuea (reigned as 27th Tui Manu'a)
  • Matelita (reigned 1891–1895, as 39th Tui Manu'a)
French Polynesia

Bora Bora

Huahine

Raiatea

  • Tehauroarii (reigned 1881–1884)
  • Tuarii (reigned till 1897) – she reigned under a rebellion government against the French with the support of Teraupo'o after Tamatoa VI abdicated.

Rapa Iti

  • Daughter of Parima (reigned ?–1887)[135]

Rimatara

Tahiti

  • Purea (reigned in the 18th century), queen of the Teva clan on the southern part of the island before unification
  • Pōmare IV (reigned 1827–1877)

Nuku Hiva

  • Vaekehu – her husband died in 1863, but Vaekehu continued to reign on her own as Queen
Hawaii

Hilo

Ko'olau

  • Hinakaimauli'awa, 2nd Chiefess of Ko'olau
  • Mualani, 3rd Chiefess of Ko'olau
  • Kaimihauoku, 7th Chiefess of Ko'olau
  • Holaulani (Kauaohalaulani), 16th Chiefess of Ko'olau
  • Ipuwai-o-Hoalani, 19th Chiefess of Ko'olau

Molokai

Oʻahu

  • Kūkaniloko, 11th Moʻi of Oʻahu
  • Kalaimanuia, 12th Moʻi of Oʻahu (reigned 1600–1665)

Hawaiʻi Island

Kauaʻi

  • Kamakahelei, 22nd Moʻi of Kauaʻi (reigned 1770–1794)

Kingdom of Hawaii

Tonga
Tuvalu
  • Elizabeth II (reigned 1978–2022)
Wallis and Futuna

Uvea

Legendary and mythological monarchs

Chad

Chile

China

Congo

Kuba Kingdom

Women written in italics in the list of Kuba Kingdom rulers:[137]

  • Lobamba
  • Gokare
  • Sanga Motunu
  • Pelama Pena
  • Boeke
  • Sanga Lenga
  • Bosh Akama
  • Kele Kama
  • Bolueme

Czechia

Denmark

Easter Island

Ecuador

Egypt

  • Nitocris of the Sixth Dynasty – Nitocris is mentioned within Herodotus' book Histories as being the last Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt.
  • Charoba – A queen mentioned in a history of Egypt written by 12th-century Arab writer Murtada ibn al-'Afif.[138]
  • Daluka of the Soleyman Dynasty – An Antediluvian monarch from medieval Coptic and Arabic texts who supposedly built a wall around Egypt to protect the country from invasion and also was said to have built a pyramid and a nilometer at Memphis. Sometimes claimed to be a cousin of Charoba and her immediate successor.[138]
  • Borsa of the Soleyman Dynasty – Mentioned in medieval Coptic and Arabic texts as a ruler of Egypt in the Antediluvian era.[139] Sometimes described as a "priestess".[138]

Ethiopia

Further information: 1922 regnal list of Ethiopia

The following names all come from a regnal list written in 1922, which is partially based on native traditions and older regnal lists, but also contains additional names of Coptic and Nubian origin, the latter due to its association with the word "Aethiopia" in ancient and Biblical texts. Claimed dates follow the Ethiopian calendar.[140]

  • Borsa (reigned 4321–4254 BC) – Originated from Coptic tradition.[139]
  • Eylouka (reigned 3776–3731 BC) – Originated from Coptic tradition.[139]
  • Nehasset Nais (reigned 2434–2404 BC)
  • Kasiyope (reigned 1890–1871 BC) – Originated from Greek mythology.
  • Mumazes reigned (1675–1671 BC) – Daughter of king Bonu I.[141]
  • Aruas (reigned 1671 BC) – Daughter of Mumazes.[140]
  • Helena (reigned 1358–1347 BC)
  • Makeda (reigned 1013–982 BC) – The Biblical queen of Sheba in Ethiopian tradition and mother of Menelik I. She succeeded to the throne after the death of her father king Kawnasya.[142]
  • Nicauta Kandake I (reigned 740–730 BC)
  • Hadina (reigned 372–362 BC) – Most regnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 9 years.[143]
  • Nikawla Kandake II (reigned 342–332 BC) – An alternate name for the Queen of Sheba[144]
  • Akawsis Kandake III (reigned 325–315 BC)
  • Nikosis Kandake IV (reigned 242–232 BC)
  • Awsena (reigned 99–88 BC) – Most regnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 1 year.[143]
  • Nicotnis Kandake V (reigned 35–25 BC)
  • Garsemot Kandake VI (reigned 40–50 AD) – Supposedly the Kandake from the Biblical story of the Ethiopian Eunuch.[140]
  • Wakana (reigned 230 AD) – Reigned for 2 days.[140]
  • Ahywa Sofya (reigned 299–332 AD) – Likely based on Sofya of Axum, mother of Ezana.
  • Adhana I (reigned 369–374 AD) – Some regnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 14 years.[145]
  • Adhana II (reigned 412–418 AD) – Some regnal lists claim this monarch co-ruled with king Abreha III.[145]

Kingdom of Simien

  • Gudit (reigned c. 960 – c. 1000)

Sidama people

French Polynesia

Greece

Amazons

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Ireland

Japan

Korea

  • Lady Saso, honorary queen regnant of Silla
  • Queen of Jeoknyeo-guk – Talhae's mother was the princess of Jeoknyeo-guk (Korean: 적녀국; Hanja: 積女國), an island country where only women lived[149]
  • Queen of Tamna – she is mentioned in the legend of Mountain Shrine and Lady Shring in the Bongnae Mountain (봉래산 산제당과 아씨당)[150]
  • Hongranyeo (Korean: 홍라녀; Hanja: 紅羅女) – according to the legend of Yeowangjwagangsanhyeong (Korean: 여왕좌강산형; Hanja: 女王坐江山型), she became the monarch of Balhae[151]

Libya

Malaysia

Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Siti Wan Kembang Queen Kelantan 1610 1667 57 years
Puteri Saadong Queen Kelantan 1667 1671 4 years

Mexico

Aztec Empire

Myanmar

Norway

Pakistan

Peru

  • Catalina Huanca

Poland

Russia

Somaliland

South Africa

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sudan

Syria

Tunisia

  • Dido (reigned 814–c. 760 BC) – also known as Alyssa. Founder of Carthage, according to tradition

Turkey

Turkmenistan

United Kingdom

Vatican City

Vietnam

Yemen

Self-proclaimed monarchs

China

Easter Island

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Haiti

India

Italy

Jamaica

Korea

New Zealand

Panama

  • Rufina Santana, queen of Naso people (reigned 1982–1988)

Senegal

Trinidad and Tobago

Further information: Carib Queen

The list of Carib Queens were:

United States of America

United States Virgin Islands

The leaders of the 1878 St. Croix labor riot were:

Chieftainesses

Argentina

  • Juana Koslay (princess)

Botswana

Brazil

Burundi

Canada

Chile

China

Cameroon

Colombia

Congo

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Fiji

Ghana

Haiti

India

Ireland

Israel

Kenya

Korea

  • Chieftainess buried in Jeongchon Tomb (정촌고분)[172]

Kyrgyzstan

Liberia

Malawi

Malaysia

Marshall Islands

New Zealand

Māori people

Rarotonga

Niger

Nigeria

Palau

Panama

Papua New Guinea

  • Koloka of Naara[175] (reigned c. 1884 – c. 1910)[176]

Peru

Puerto Rico

Sierra Leone

South Africa

South Sudan

Taiwan

Tanzania

  • Therese Ntare VI of Heru[185]

Uganda

The female chiefs, Murogo and her female descendants, worked for the Ankole kings for several generation in the Ibanda area.[186]

  • Murogo of Ibanda (reigned in the early 19th century)[187]
  • Nyabuzana of Ibanda (reigned in the mid-19th century)[187]
  • Kishokye of Ibanda (reigned ?–1903)[187]
  • Julia Kibubura of Ibanda (reigned 1903–1926)[187]

United States of America

Vanuatu

Venezuela

  • Apacuana
  • Isabel (cacica)
  • Orocomay
  • Urimare (cacica)
  • Ana Soto (cacica)

Yemen

Semi-independent feudal rulers

Bangladesh

India

Crown landholders

Bangladesh

Between the 1204 and 1352, Bengal was a province of the Delhi Sultanate.[193]

Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Razia Sultana Sultana Delhi Sultanate 19 November 1236 20 April 1240 3 years, 153 days

Cyprus

Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length
Victoria Queen British Cyprus 4 June 1878 22 January 1901 22 years, 232 days
Elizabeth II Queen British Cyprus 6 February 1952 16 August 1960 8 years, 192 days

Estonia

Swedish Estonia

Russian Estonia

  • Catherine I (reigned 8 February 1725 – 17 May 1727)
  • Anna (reigned 13 February 1730 – 28 October 1740)
  • Elizabeth (reigned 6 December 1741 – 5 January 1762)
  • Catherine II (reigned 9 July 1762 – 6 November 1796)

Finland

Swedish Finland

Iceland

Norwegian Iceland

Israel and Palestine

Thutmose III of the New Kingdom of Egypt conquered Canaan.

Monarch Portrait Title State Start of reign End of reign Length Ref.
Neferneferuaten Pharaoh New Kingdom of Egypt c. 1334 BC c. 1332 BC 2 years
Tausret Pharaoh New Kingdom of Egypt c. 1191 BC c. 1189 BC 2 years
Zenobia Empress Palmyrene Empire 272 272 Less than 1 year

Sudan

Thutmose I of the New Kingdom of Egypt conquered Nubia.

Monarch Portrait Title State Reign dates Length Ref.
Hatshepsut Pharaoh New Kingdom of Egypt c. 1479–1458 BC c. 21 years
Neferneferuaten Pharaoh New Kingdom of Egypt c. 1334–1332 BC c. 2 years
Twosret Pharaoh New Kingdom of Egypt c. 1191–1189 BC 2 years

Suriname

Notes

  1. ^ She reigned until 1502, but titled herself queen only until 1477.
  2. ^ She is the queen buried in Bar. 8. Her name is unknown.
  3. ^ a b c d She also had the title of Queen of Ndongo, but in title only, as the Kingdom of Ndongo was destroyed in the Battle of Pungo Andongo in 1671.
  4. ^ In 1284, Kertanegara attacked Bali and captured the queen of Bali. Her name is unknown.
  5. ^ It is not her name, but it means "Queen of Iskandar Syah". Her name is unknown.
  6. ^ She was an autonomous ruler. The Duchy of Sumenep, which was originally under the Mataram Sultanate, fell into the hands of the Dutch East India Company in 1705 and became an autonomous state.
  7. ^ She was also a titular ruler of the Salghurids in 1319–1338, of which Abish Khatun was the last ruler.
  8. ^ a b She was crowned with the title of rex ("king").
  9. ^ She was also a titular Judge of Gallura in 1308–1339. The Republic of Pisa's possession of the Judicate of Gallura became definitive in 1308.
  10. ^ a b She reigned as a puppet ruler. Napoleon I appointed his brothers and sisters as puppet rulers of the Client States of the French Empire.
  11. ^ a b She reigned as an independent duchess. The Italian duchies, restored by the Congress of Vienna, became fully sovereign, because the Kingdom of Italy within the Holy Roman Empire was not restored.
  12. ^ She reigned as an independent monarch only during her second reign. She also reigned in 1790–1796, but was not fully sovereign at that time, as the Kingdom of Italy within the Holy Roman Empire existed.

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