List of walls
See List of fortifications for a list of notable fortified structures. For city walls in particular, see List of cities with defensive walls.
Pre-modern fortifications
Africa
- Fossatum Africae
- Sungbo's Eredo, built during 800–1000 AD in Ijebu Ode in Ogun State, southwest Nigeria
Americas
- Great Wall of Tlaxcala, mentioned in the history of Bernal Díaz del Castillo
- Walls of Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
Asia
- Great Wall of China, China – part of UNESCO site 438.[2] This is mostly used to refer to the Ming Great Wall, built from 1368 to 1644, measures 8,850 km long.
- Great Wall of Qi, the oldest of the Chinese Great Walls.
- Great Wall of Yan (state)
- Great Wall of Zhongshan (state)
- Great Wall of Zhao (state)
- Great Wall of Qin dynasty
- Great Wall of Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), the longest Great Wall in history.
- Great Wall of Northern Wei dynasty
- Great Wall of Northern Qi dynasty
- Great Wall of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234), built to defend against northern nomadic tribes, once spanning over 2,500 kilometers long.[3]
- Great Wall of Western Xia
- Great Wall of the Khitan Liao dynasty
- Ranikot Fort, Also called 'The Great Wall of Pakistan', second largest wall of South Asia after Kumbhalgarh fort in India
- Cheolli Jangseong, North Korea and China
- Great Wall of Gorgan in Iran, (World's second longest wall)[4][5]
- Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi in Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam.
- Kumbhalgarh, in Rajasthan, India
- Smbat Walls
- Sasanian defense lines
Europe
- Walls of Constantinople in Turkey
- Anastasian Wall in Turkey
- Antonine Wall in Scotland, United Kingdom – part of UNESCO site 430[6]
- Aurelian Walls of Rome
- Walls of Ston in Croatia
- Danevirke, Germany
- Roman limes in Upper Germania, Lower Germania and Rhaetia, Germany – part of UNESCO site 430[6]
- Hadrian's Wall in England – part of UNESCO site 430[6][7]
- Long Wall (Thracian Chersonese)
- Offa's Dyke between Mercia (England) and Powys (Wales)
- Serpent's Wall, the ancient walls in Ukraine
- Wall of Severus, between Roman Britain and [not recorded]
- Silesia Walls, Poland
- Trajan's Wall, in Dobruja, Romania
- Athanaric's Wall, Romania
- Wat's Dyke parallel, for part of the distance, to Offa's Dyke, England:Wales.
Modern defensive walls or border barriers
- Atlantic Wall in Nazi-occupied France
- Berlin Wall in Berlin separating West Berlin from East Germany 1961–1989 (in concrete: 1975–1989)[8]
- Inland Customs Line 2,500 miles (4,000 km) built 1843 onward in British India
- India–Pakistan barrier
- Bangladesh–India border
- Sections of the Israeli West Bank barrier, West Bank[9]
- Sections of the Blue Line between Lebanon and Israel[10]
- Belfast Peace Lines in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Korean Wall (alleged by DPRK), Korean Demilitarized Zone[11]
- Ceuta border fence, in Ceuta, Autonomous city of Spain
- Melilla border fence in Melilla, Autonomous city of Spain
- US-Mexico Border,[12] including the Tortilla Wall
- Frontier Closed Area along Hong Kong-China border
- Hungary-Serbia Barrier
- Turkey-Syria Barrier
- Turkey-Iran Barrier
- Slovenian border Barrier
- Pakistan–Afghanistan barrier
- Myanmar-Bangladesh Border Fence
- India–Myanmar Barrier
- Poland–Belarus barrier[13]
Memorial walls
- Communards' Wall in the Père Lachaise Cemetery, in Paris, France
- Democracy Wall, in Beijing (1978–1979)
- Lennon Wall in Prague
- Vietnam Veterans Memorial, often called the Wall, in Washington, D.C.
- Pine Grove Cemetery, second-longest contiguous stone wall in the world, in Lynn, Massachusetts
- Lennon Wall in Hong Kong
Walls in contemporary art and sports
- Die Gelbe Wand, Westfalenstadion in Dortmund
- Green Monster, Fenway Park, Boston
- Tsoi Wall in Arbat Street, Moscow
- The Wall in SoHo, New York City
- The Wall In Concert (theatrical) – While based on a figment of a main character's imagination, the concerts in the tour for the Pink Floyd album The Wall featured a real wall of giant cardboard bricks between the band and the audience which was constructed, completed, spoliated and finally destroyed during the course of each show.
See also
- Gum Wall
- Separation barrier
- List of cities with defensive walls
- List of town walls in England and Wales
- List of fortifications
- Great Wall (astronomy)
- List of Egyptian castles, forts, fortifications and city walls
References
- ^ "Stonske zidine". Citywallsdubrovnik.hr (in Croatian). Društvo prijatelja dubrovačke starine. Archived from the original on 2010-05-31. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
- ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "The Great Wall". Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ "Great Wall of Jin Dynasty (1115–1234): History, Structure, Relics". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ Chaichian, Mohammad A. (2015-03-03). Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-60846-422-7.
- ^ "Secrets of the Red Snake - The great wall of Iran revealed" (PDF). Current World Archeology. No. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
- ^ a b c UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Frontiers of the Roman Empire". Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ Chaichian, Mohammad A. (2015-03-03). Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-60846-422-7.
- ^ Chaichian, Mohammad A. (2015-03-03). Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-60846-422-7.
- ^ Chaichian, Mohammad A. (2015-03-03). Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-60846-422-7.
- ^ Ilan Ben Zion (September 6, 2018). "Israeli wall rising near border with Lebanon stokes tensions". AP News. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
- ^ Jon Herskovitz (December 31, 2007). "North Korea asks South to tear down imaginary wall". Reuters. Retrieved 2015-10-09.
- ^ Chaichian, Mohammad A. (2015-03-03). Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-60846-422-7.
- ^ "Poland completes 186-kilometre border wall with Belarus". euronews. 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2022-09-03.