List of pro-Russian political parties

This is a list of pro-Russian political parties outside of Russia.

By continent

Africa

South Africa

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
African National Congress African National Congress Government [1]
Economic Freedom Fighters Economic Freedom Fighters Opposition [2][3]

Asia

Kyrgyzstan

Name Native name(s) Reference(s)
Alliance Kyrgyz: Альянс, romanized: Alyans
Ar-Namys (Dignity) Kyrgyz: Ар-Намыс, romanized: Ar-Namys
Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан социал-дeмoкратиялык пaртиясы, romanized: Kyrgyzstan social-demokratiyalyk partiyasy, Russian: Социал-демократическая партия Кыргызстана, romanized: Sotsial-demokraticheskaya partiya Kyrgyzstana

Europe

Armenia

Name Native name(s) Reference(s)
Adequate Party Armenian: Ադեկվադ, romanized: Adekvad
Alliance Party Armenian: Դաշինք կուսակցություն, romanized: Dashink’ kusakts’ut’yun)
Armenia Alliance Armenian: Հայաստան դաշինք, romanized: Hayastan dashink’
Armenian Communist Party Armenian: Հայաստանի կոմունիստական կուսակցություն, romanized: Hayastani Komunistakan Kusaktsutyun [4]
Armenian Eagles Unified Armenia Party Armenian: Հայ Արծիվներ Միասնական Հայաստան կուսակցություն, romanized: Hay Artsivner Miasnakan Hayastan kusakts’ut’yun
Armenia is Our Home Armenian: Մեր տունը Հայաստանն է կուսակցություն, romanized: Mer tuny Hayastann e kusakts’ut’yun
Armenian Revolutionary Federation Armenian: Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն, romanized: Hay Heghapokhakan Dashnaktsutyun [5][6][7][8]
Constitutional Rights Union Armenian: Սահմանադրական իրավունքների միություն, romanized: Sahmanadrakan iravunk’neri miut’yun
Fair Armenia Party Armenian: Արդար Հայաստան կուսակցություն, romanized: Ardar Hayastan kusakts’ut’yun
For Social Justice Armenian: Հանուն սոցիալական արդարության
Homeland of Armenians Party Armenian: Հայերի հայրենիք կուսակցություն, romanized: Hayeri hayrenik’ kusakts’ut’yun
I Have Honor Alliance Armenian: Պատիվ ունեմ դաշինք, romanized: Pativ unem dashink’
National Unity Armenian: Ազգային միաբանություն, romanized: Azgayin Miabanutyun [9]
New Times Armenian: Նոր Ժամանակներ, romanized: Nor Zhamanakner
Prosperous Armenia Armenian: Բարգավաճ Հայաստան
Republican Party of Armenia Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետական Կուսակցություն, romanized: Hayastani Hanrapetakan Kusaktsutyun
Social Democrat Hunchakian Party Armenian: Սոցիալ Դեմոկրատ Հնչակյան Կուսակցություն, romanized: Sots’ial Demokrat Hnch’akyan Kusakts’ut’yun [10]
Towards Russia Party Armenian: Ուժեղ Հայաստան Ռուսաստանի հետ, romanized: Uzhegh Hayastan Rrusastani het
United Homeland Party Armenian: Միացյալ հայրենիք կուսակցություն, romanized: Miats’yal hayrenik’ kusakts’ut’yun
Voice of the Nation Armenian: Ազգի ձայն, romanized: Azgi dzayn

Austria

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Freedom Party of Austria German: Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs Opposition [11][12][13][14]

Belarus

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Belarusian Social Sporting Party Russian: Белорусская социально-спортивная партия, romanized: Byelorusskaya sotsial'no-sportivnaya partiya, Belarusian: Беларуская сацыяльна-спартыўная партыя, romanized: Bielaruskaja sacyjaĺna-spartyŭnaja partyja Extra-parliamentary
Belaya Rus (White Rus) Russian: Белая Русь, romanized: Belaya Rus', Belarusian: Белая Русь, romanized: Bielaja Ruś Government
Communist Party of Belarus Russian: Коммунисти́ческая па́ртия Белару́си, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Belarusi, Belarusian: Камуністы́чная па́ртыя Белару́сі, romanized: Kamunistyčnaja Partyja Bielarusi Support

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Alliance of Independent Social Democrats Serbian: Савез независних социјалдемократа, romanized: Savez nezavisnih socijaldemokrata Coalition [15][16]

Bulgaria

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Attack Bulgarian: Атака, romanized: Ataka Extra-parliamentary
Bulgarian Rise Bulgarian: Български възход, romanized: Balgarski vazhod Extra-parliamentary [17][18][19][20]
Bulgarian Socialist Party Bulgarian: Българска социалистическа партия, romanized: Balgarska Sotsialisticheska Partiya Coalition [21][22]
Morality, Unity, Honour Bulgarian: Морал, Единство, Чест Opposition [23]
Revival Bulgarian: Възраждане, romanized: Vazrazhdane Opposition [24][25][26][27]
Velichie Bulgarian: Величие, romanized: Velichie Opposition [28]

Estonia

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Together Estonian: Koos Extra-parliamentary [29]

Finland

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Power Belongs to the People Finnish: Valta kuuluu kansalle Extra-parliamentary [30]
Truth Party Finnish: Totuuspuolue Extra-parliamentary [31]

France

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
National Rally French: Rassemblement National Opposition

[32][33][34]

La France Insoumise French: La France Insoumise Opposition [35][34][36]

Georgia

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Georgian Idea Georgian: ქართული იდეა, romanized: kartuli idea
Alliance of Patriots of Georgia Georgian: საქართველოს პატრიოტთა ალიანსი, romanized: sakartvelos p'at'riot'ta aliansi Extra-parliamentary
Conservative Movement/Alt-Info Georgian: კონსერვატიული მოძრაობა/ალტ-ინფო, romanized: k'onservat'iuli modzraoba/alt'-inpo Extra-parliamentary
Unity Georgian: ერთობა, romanized: ertoba
Georgian Troupe Georgian: ქართული დასი, romanized: kartuli dasi
Forum for the National Unity of Abkhazia[a] Abkhaz: Аԥсны Жәлар Ракзаара Афорум, romanized: Aṕsny Ža̋lar Rakzaara Aforum, Russian: Форум Народного единства Абхазии, Forum Narodnogo Yedinstva Abkhazii, Georgian: აფხაზეთის ეროვნული ერთიანობის ფორუმი, romanized: apkhazetis erovnuli ertianobis porumi Extra-parliamentary
Georgian Dream – Democratic Georgia Georgian: ქართული ოცნება – დემოკრატიული საქართველო, romanized: kartuli otsneba – demok'rat'iuli sakartvelo Government
People's Power Georgian: ხალხის ძალა, romanized: khalkhis dzala Government
Unity Party[b] Ossetian: Иудзинад, romanized: Iwdzinad, Russian: Единство, Yedinstvo, Georgian: ერთიანობა, romanized: ertianoba Extra-parliamentary

Germany

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Alternative for Germany German: Alternative für Deutschland Opposition [37][38][39]
Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance German: Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht – Vernunft und Gerechtigkeit Opposition [40]

Greece

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Golden Dawn Greek: Λαϊκός Σύνδεσμος – Χρυσή Αυγή, Laïkós Sýndesmos – Chrysí Avgí Banned [41]
Greek Solution Greek: Ελληνική Λύση, Ellinikí Lýsi Opposition [42]
Victory Greek: Νίκη, Níki Opposition [43]

Hungary

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Fidesz Government [44]
Our Homeland Movement Hungarian: Mi Hazánk Mozgalom Opposition [45]
Hungarian Workers' Party Hungarian: Magyar Munkáspárt Extra-parliamentary [1]

Italy

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Five Star Movement Italian: Movimento 5 Stelle Opposition [46][47]
League Italian: Lega Coalition [48][49]
New Force Italian: Forza Nuova Extra-parliamentary [50][51]
Italian Communist Party Italian: Partito Comunista Italiano Extra-parliamentary [52]

Latvia

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
For Stability! Latvian: Stabilitātei!, Russian: Стабильность!, Stabil'nost'! Opposition [53]
Latvian Russian Union Latvian: Latvijas Krievu Savienība, Russian: Русский союз Латвии, Russkiy Soyuz Latvii Extra-parliamentary [54]
Social Democratic Party "Harmony" Latvian: Sociāldemokrātiskā partija "Saskaņa", Russian: Социал-демократическая партия «Согласие», Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Partiya "Soglasiye" Extra-parliamentary
Socialist Party of Latvia Latvian: Latvijas Sociālistiskā partija, Russian: Социалистическая партия Латвии, Sotsialisticheskaya Partiya Latvii Extra-parliamentary

Lithuania

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Lithuanian People's Party Lithuanian: Lietuvos Liaudies Partija Extra-parliamentary [55][56]

Moldova

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Chance. Duties. Realization. Romanian: Șansă. Obligații. Realizări. Opposition [57][58][59]
Liberal Democratic Party of Transnistria[c] Russian: Либерально-демократическая партия Республики Приднестровье, romanized: Liberalno-Demokraticheskaya Partiya Respubliki Pridnestrov'e Extra-parliamentary
Obnovlenie (Renewal)[c] Russian: Обновление, romanized: Obnovleniye Government
Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova Romanian: Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova Opposition [60][61][62]
Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova Romanian: Partidul Socialiștilor din Republica Moldova Opposition
Proriv[c] Russian: Прорыв, romanized: Proryv Banned
Republic[c] Russian: Республика, romanized: Respublika Opposition
Revival Party Romanian: Partidul Renaștere Opposition [63]
Socialist Party of Moldova Romanian: Partidul Socialist din Moldova
Șor Party Romanian: Partidul Șor Opposition [64][65]
Victory Romanian: Victorie Opposition

Montenegro

Name Native name(s) Reference(s)
Democratic Party of Unity Montenegrin: Демократска странка јединства, romanized: Demokratska stranka jedinstva Extra-parliamentary [66]
New Serb Democracy Serbian: Нова српска демократија, romanized: Nova srpska demokratija Coalition [67]
Serb List Serbian: Српска листа, romanized: Srpska lista Extra-parliamentary

Netherlands

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Party for Freedom Dutch: Partij voor de Vrijheid Coalition [68]
Forum for Democracy Dutch: Forum voor Democratie Opposition [69]

Norway

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Peace and Justice Norwegian: Fred og Rettferdighet Extra-parliamentary [70]

North Macedonia

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia Serbian: Демократска странка Срба у Македонији Opposition [71]
The Left Macedonian: Левица Opposition [71]

Portugal

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Portuguese Communist Party Portuguese: Partido Comunista Português Opposition [72]

Romania

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Alliance for the Union of Romanians Romanian: Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor Opposition [73]
Party of Young People Romanian: Partidul Oamenilor Tineri Opposition

Serbia

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Obraz Serbian: Образ Extra-parliamentary [74]
Russian Party Serbian: Руска странка Support [75]
Serbian Action Serbian: Србска Акција, romanized: Srbska Akcija Extra-parliamentary [76]
Serbian Party Oathkeepers Serbian: Српска странка Заветници, romanized: Srpska stranka Zavetnici Extra-parliamentary
Serbian Radical Party Serbian: Српска радикална странка, romanized: Srpska radikalna stranka Extra-parliamentary [77]
Strength of Serbia Movement Serbian: Покрет Снага Србије, romanized: Pokret Snaga Srbije Extra-parliamentary [78]

Slovakia

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Alternative for Slovakia Slovak: Alternatíva pre Slovensko Extra-parliamentary
Direction – Social Democracy Slovak: Smer – Sociálna Demokracia Government
Home – National Party Slovak: Domov – národná strana Extra-parliamentary
People's Party Our Slovakia Slovak: Ľudová Strana Naše Slovensko Extra-parliamentary
Republic Slovak: Republika Extra-parliamentary
Slovak National Party Slovak: Slovenská Národná Strana Coalition [79]

Slovenia

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Truth Slovene: Resni.ca Extra-parliamentary [80][81]

Turkey

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
New Welfare Party Turkish: Yeniden Refah Partisi Opposition [82][83][84]
Patriotic Party Turkish: Vatan Partisi Extra-parliamentary
People's Liberation Party Turkish: Halkın Kurtuluş Partisi Extra-parliamentary [85]

Ukraine

Name Native name(s) Reference(s)
Antifascist Committee of Ukraine Russian: Антифашистский комитет Украины, romanized: Antyfashistskyi Komitet Ukrayny
Communist Party of Ukraine Ukrainian: Комуністична партія України, romanized: Komunistychna partiia Ukrainy, Russian: Коммунистическая партия Украины, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya partiya Ukrainy [86]
Derzhava (Power) Ukrainian: Держава
For United Ukraine! Ukrainian: За Єдину Україну!, romanized: Za Yedynu Ukrainu!
Nashi (Ours) Ukrainian: Наші, Russian: Наши
Ne Tak (Not Yes) Ukrainian: Не Так
New Russia Party Ukrainian: Партия Новороссия, romanized: Partiia Novorossyia, Russian: Партия Новороссия, romanized: Partiya Novorossiya
Opposition Bloc Ukrainian: Опозиційний блок, romanized: Opozytsiinyi blok, Russian: Оппозиционный блок, romanized: Oppozitsionnyy blok
Opposition Platform — For Life Ukrainian: Опозиційна платформа – За життя, romanized: Opozytsiina Platforma – Za Zhyttia, Russian: Оппозиционная платформа – За жизнь, romanized: Oppozitsionnaya Platforma – Za Zhizn' [87]
Party of Regions Ukrainian: Партія регіонів, romanized: Partiia rehioniv, Russian: Партия регионов, romanized: Partiya regionov [88][89][90]
Party of Shariy Ukrainian: Партія Шарія, romanized: Partiia Shariia, Ukrainian: Партия Шария, romanized: Partiya Shariya [91]
Peace to Luhanshchyna[d] Russian: Мир Луганщине, romanized: Mir Luganshchine, Ukrainian: Спокій Луганщині, romanized: Spokii Luhanshchyni, lit. 'Peace to Luhansk Region'
Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine Ukrainian: Прогресивна соціалістична партія України, romanized: Prohresyvna sotsialistychna partiia Ukrainy, Russian: Прогрессивная социалистическая партия Украины, romanized: Progressivnaya sotsialisticheskaya partiya Ukrainy [92]
Revival Ukrainian: Відродження, romanized: Vidrodzhennia [93]
Russian Unity[e] Russian: Русское Единство, romanized: Russkoye Yedinstvo, Ukrainian: Руська Єдність, romanized: Ruska Yednist
Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) Ukrainian: Соцiал-демократична партія України (об'єднана), romanized: Sotsial-demokratychna partiia Ukrainy (obiednana)
Social Movement Donetsk Republic[f] Russian: Общественное движение Донецкая республика, romanized: Obshchestvennoye dvizheniye Donetskaya respublika
Soyuz (Union)[e] Russian: Союз [94]
Ukrainian Choice Ukrainian: Український вибір — право народу, romanized: Ukrainskyi vybir — pravo narodu, Russian: Украинский выбор — право народа, romanized: Ukrainsky vybor — pravo naroda

United Kingdom

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Workers Party of Britain Extra-parliamentary [95]

Oceania

Australia

Name Native name(s) Government Reference(s)
Australian Citizens Party Extra-parliamentary [96]
Australia First Party Extra-parliamentary [97]

See also

References

  1. ^ Masuabi, Queenin (2024-02-13). "Fikile Mbalula off to Moscow for forum on combating Western neocolonialism". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
  2. ^ Faloyin, Dipo (2023-03-24). "South African Politician Says He'll Pick Putin Up From Airport to Avoid Arrest". Vice. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
  3. ^ "I would arm Russia since it's fighting imperialism – Malema". The Star. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
  4. ^ "Reviving Red?: Armenian Communists mark Sovietization anniversary amid USSR reintegration calls - Politics | ArmeniaNow.com". www.armenianow.com. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020.
  5. ^ Kalantarian, Karine (25 November 2009). "Dashnaks Explain Criticism Of Russia". azatutyun.am. RFE/RL. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020.
  6. ^ Danielyan, Emil (16 December 1995). "ARMENIA: Banned Opposition Party Has Deep Roots". Azg. Transitions Online. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020.
  7. ^ Bedevian, Astghik; Stepanian, Ruzanna (4 December 2014). "Armenian Parliament Backs Eurasian Union Entry". azatutyun.am. RFE/RL. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020.
  8. ^ Stepanian, Ruzanna (1 September 2010). "Dashnaks Back New Russian-Armenian Pact". azatutyun.am. RFE/RL. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020.
  9. ^ Mkhitaryan, Samvel; Anushyan, Mkrtich; Margaryan, Vakhtang; Hambardzumyan, Arthur. "Political Parties of The Republic of Armenia Participating in The National Assembly Elections 2007". Foundation For Civil and Social Development. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018.
  10. ^ "Սոցիալ Դեմոկրատ Հնչակյան Կուսակցության Ծրագիր". Social Democrat Hunchakian Party. Archived from the original on 25 July 2021.
  11. ^ Smale, Alison (2019-05-21). "Austria's Far Right Signs a Cooperation Pact With Putin's Party". NYT. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  12. ^ "Austrian Far-Right Party Signs Cooperation Pact With United Russia". RFE. 2016-12-19. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  13. ^ "Austria's FPÖ under scrutiny for Russia ties". DW. 2019-05-21. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  14. ^ "Once Russia's best friend in the West, Austria is facing trouble". The Economist. 2023-05-11. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
  15. ^ "Dodik claims British person runs office in Sarajevo to prevent Russian influence". 23 April 2019.
  16. ^ "Nationalists win in Bosnia, including Serb who opposes 'impossible state'". Reuters. 8 October 2018.
  17. ^ Tscherwenkowa, Rumjana (9 June 2022). "Russia's influence could increase". Eurotopics. Capital. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  18. ^ "Гл. секретар на президента иронизира партията на Стефан Янев". Sega. 30 April 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  19. ^ Dzhambazova, Boryana (2022-09-30). "Groundhog Day: It's another Bulgarian election". Politico. Retrieved 2022-10-15.
  20. ^ "Leader of Bulgarian Rise: We can accept any Coalition that is in the Interest of the Citizens". Novinite. 2022-10-03. Retrieved 2022-10-15.
  21. ^ Dunai, Marton (2025-01-16). "Bulgarian pro-Russia party joins coalition government". Financial Times. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  22. ^ "Bulgaria's pro-Russian parties display increasingly open ties with the Kremlin". www.euractiv.com. 2024-11-21. Archived from the original on 2024-11-21. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  23. ^ "Bulgaria: a 'grand coalition' government". OSW Centre for Eastern Studies. 2025-01-17. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  24. ^ "Bulgaria's government faces collapse this week". Politico. June 20, 2022.
  25. ^ "Bulgaria government collapses after no-confidence vote – DW – 06/22/2022". dw.com.
  26. ^ "Bulgaria's government survives a no-confidence vote brought by a pro-Russia political party". AP News. 2025-04-03. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  27. ^ "Bulgarian pro-Russian party wants country to leave EU, join BRICS - Euractiv". www.euractiv.com. Archived from the original on 2025-05-06. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  28. ^ "Pro-Russian party enters Bulgaria's parliament after election recount". RBC-Ukraine. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  29. ^ ERR, ERR, ERR News | (2023-05-23). "KOOS saga reveals shortcomings in party registration process". ERR. Retrieved 2025-06-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ "Finnish right-wing party VKK could emerge as new political force". www.euractiv.com. 2022-02-01. Archived from the original on 2023-04-02. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  31. ^ "EU-ero, sarjatuotettuja pienydinvoimaloita ja koronarokotteiden vastustamista – tässä ovat vaalien pienpuolueet ja niiden johtajat". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 2024-06-05. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
  32. ^ "Quels sont les liens de Marine Le Pen avec la Russie de Vladimir Poutine ?" (in French). 2022-04-20. Retrieved 2025-03-16.
  33. ^ "Face à la menace russe, le Rassemblement national entre relativisme et complotisme" (in French). 2025-03-12. Retrieved 2025-03-16.
  34. ^ a b "Le Pen et Mélenchon, un même désir d'Europe faible". Le Point (in French). 2025-03-05. Retrieved 2025-03-16.
  35. ^ "Sur l'Ukraine et la défense européenne, Jean-Luc Mélenchon et LFI s'éloignent encore du reste de la gauche" (in French). 2025-03-12. Retrieved 2025-03-16.
  36. ^ "La nouvelle donne internationale force la gauche radicale à repenser son analyse géopolitique" (in French). 2025-03-03. Retrieved 2025-03-16.
  37. ^ "Far-right German politicians accused of pro-Putin 'propaganda trip'". TheGuardian.com. 20 September 2022.
  38. ^ Loveday Morris; Kate Brady (2022-09-20). "Far-right German party members to tour Russian-held regions of Ukraine". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409.
  39. ^ Stephanowitz, Johann; dpa; AFP (2022-10-05). "Russland-Reise: AfD-Parteispitze mahnt Landtagsabgeordnete für Reise nach Russland ab". Die Zeit (in German). ISSN 0044-2070. Retrieved 2024-03-12.
  40. ^ "What Is New "Pro-russian" Party in Germany, and Why Does It Pose Risks?". European Pravda. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  41. ^ ""Natural allies" - The Kremlin connections of the Greek far-right". March 1, 2016.
  42. ^ Georgiadou, Vassiliki. "The State of the Far Right in Greece" (PDF). FES. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  43. ^ "US concerns about possible entry of the party "Nicky" to parliament: "They are Russophiles – they cannot be informed about NATO's actions" - Athens News". 3 June 2023.
  44. ^ Picheta, Rob (2022-04-04). "Viktor Orban, Hungary's authoritarian leader and key Putin ally, calls Zelensky an 'opponent' after winning reelection". CNN. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  45. ^ Nagy, Bálint (2023-06-08). "A quarter of Hungarians support closer ties with Russia, but even Fidesz and Mi Hazánk voters are pro-NATO". Telex.hu.
  46. ^ Winiarska-Brodowska, Malgorzata (2020-03-24). In Search of a European Public Sphere: Challenges, Opportunities and Prospects. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5275-4874-9.
  47. ^ Cosentino, Gabriele (2020-03-16). Social Media and the Post-Truth World Order: The Global Dynamics of Disinformation. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-43005-4.
  48. ^ "La campagna europea anti sanzioni della destra filorussa di Salvini". www.ilfoglio.it (in Italian). Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  49. ^ "Lega e M5S, quelle mozioni filo-russe che imbarazzano i partiti di Salvini e Conte". la Repubblica (in Italian). 25 March 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  50. ^ Fittipaldi, Giovanni Tizian ed Emiliano. "La guerra in Ucraina divide i neofascisti d'Europa: l'allarme dell'intelligence". www.editorialedomani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  51. ^ "Questa volta il derby nero si gioca sulla guerra: CasaPound è per l'Ucraina, Forza Nuova per la Russia". HuffPost Italia (in Italian). 1 March 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  52. ^ "Hanno tutti ragione Rizzo il fasciocomunista: da filorussi a No Vax, ecco con chi brinda l'ex rifondarolo". la Repubblica (in Italian). 1 September 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  53. ^ "Prokrievisks un "antivakceru" spēks, jauna partija ar zināmiem līderiem. Kas jāzina par "Stabilitātei!"". www.lsm.lv (in Latvian). Retrieved 2024-07-03.
  54. ^ "Most stubborn survivor speaks out". baltictimes.com.
  55. ^ "Alfa.lt". www.alfa.lt.
  56. ^ Digrytė, Eglė. "K.Prunskienė: nebijokime būti vadinami prorusiška partija". DELFI.
  57. ^ "Cine este Evghenia Guțul, câștigătoarea scrutinului pentru funcția de bașcan al Găgăuziei, potrivit datelor preliminare".
  58. ^ "Rocada pro-rusă pe piața de TV din Moldova. Ilan Șor preia controlul televiziunilor "Primul în Moldova" și "Accent TV" (Replicamedia.md)". 24 September 2022.
  59. ^ "Valerii Klimenco, despre participarea Maiei Sandu la summit-ul "Platforma Crimeea": A tăiat orice speranță de a S". 26 August 2021. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  60. ^ Eftode, Alexander (22 July 2009). "Opportunistic Communist". Politico. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  61. ^ Socon, Vladimir (17 July 2012). "Moldova's Communist Party Haunted by Its Past and Its Present". Jamestown. Jamestown Foundation.
  62. ^ "Moldova election: Will voters choose EU or Putin?". BBC. BBC News. 29 November 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  63. ^ "Serghei Mișin: "Noi suntem gata să luptăm pentru ca limba rusă să fie declarată în R. Moldova limbă multinațională"".
  64. ^ "Rocada pro-rusă pe piața de TV din Moldova. Ilan Șor preia controlul televiziunilor "Primul în Moldova" și "Accent TV" (replicamedia.md)". G4Media.ro. September 24, 2022.
  65. ^ "Valerii Klimenco, despre participarea Maiei Sandu la summit-ul "Platforma Crimeea": A tăiat orice speranță de a s". August 26, 2021. Archived from the original on October 19, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
  66. ^ "Demokratska stranka jedinstva pristupila Narodnom pokretu". July 20, 2020.
  67. ^ "Demokratski principi i ruski sentimenti". Radio Slobodna Evropa. 29 June 2016.
  68. ^ "Het Kremlinvriendelijk verleden blijft de PVV achtervolgen; gaat dit de formatie in de weg zitten?". March 29, 2024.
  69. ^ "Baudet en het Kremlin". April 16, 2020.
  70. ^ "Sto på stand med russisk flagg". May 21, 2025.
  71. ^ a b "From Levica through Rodina to GROM and MAAK: Who are Moscow's megaphones in the country". Truthmeter. 2024-04-08. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  72. ^ "Putin's 'henchmen'". Novaya Gazeta. 27 February 2023.
  73. ^ "AUR Pro-Russian party prepares provocations against Ukraine". HotNews. 21 April 2024.
  74. ^ "Skup podrške ruskom narodu". Politika Online. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  75. ^ "Lokalni izbori 2024: Šta je Ruska stranka u Srbiji i koga predstavlja". BBC News na srpskom (in Serbian (Latin script)). 2024-06-05. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  76. ^ Bakic, Jovo (February 2013). "Right-Wing Extremism in Serbia" (PDF). library.fes.de. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2025.
  77. ^ "SRS o osudi invazije Rusije: Srbija nije smela da se svrsta uz Zapad". Novinska agencija Beta (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  78. ^ Cuckić, Nikola; Burazer, Nikola; Štiplija, Nemanja Todorović. ""Kosovo is The Serbian Crimea": Revealing Russian disinformation networks and active measures fuelling secessionism and border revisionism in Serbia" (PDF). Political Capital. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2023.
  79. ^ "Marching towards Eurasia. The Kremlin connections of the Slovak far-right".
  80. ^ "Na listi proticepilcev in putinistov tudi nekdanji tesni sodelavec Danila Türka". siol.net (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2024-04-05.
  81. ^ "Stranka Resni.ca ima velike težave z resnico. Razkrivamo, zakaj". siol.net (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2024-04-05.
  82. ^ "ABD'nin Türkiye'yi F-35 projesinden çıkarması ile ilgili basın açıklaması". 23 September 2024.
  83. ^ "Haftalık Değerlendirme Raporu - Siyasî İşler Başkanlığı - 25.01.2020".
  84. ^ "Rusya Araştırmaları Enstitüsü (RUSEN) Heyetinden Ziyaret | Yeniden Refah Partisi". yenidenrefahpartisi.org.tr.
  85. ^ "Kaşar Emperyalist Çakallar, Putin Ukrayna'da alayınıza diz çöktürdü!". 23 February 2022.
  86. ^ "Kiev has a nasty case of anti-communist hysteria". the Guardian. December 18, 2015.
  87. ^ "Kennan Cable No. 45: Six Reasons the "Opposition Platform" Won in Eastern Ukraine". www.wilsoncenter.org. 9 December 2019.
  88. ^ "Viktor Yanukovych's party claims victory". The Economist.
  89. ^ ""Регіонали" принципово будуть виступати російською - Бондаренко". Українська правда.
  90. ^ "01 Kuzio.indd" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-11-15.
  91. ^ Kiew), Von Marcel Röthig (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (17 September 2019). "Analyse: Durchregieren mit einer komfortablen Mehrheit aus Newcomern? Die Ukraine nach der Parlamentswahl". bpb.de.
  92. ^ Borderlands into Bordered Lands: Geopolitics of Identity in Post-Soviet Ukraine. Columbia University Press. April 15, 2014. ISBN 9783838260426 – via Google Books.
  93. ^ "Партія "Відродження"". May 3, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-05-03.
  94. ^ "Parties and Elections in Europe". February 24, 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-02-24.
  95. ^ Quinn, Ben (4 March 2024). "Galloway win makes Workers party a focus for far-left challenges to Labour". The Guardian.
  96. ^ Shannon, Michael (2022-05-17). "Laughing all the way to the postal bank: The LaRouchites in the 2022 Election". AIJAC. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  97. ^ First, Australian (2022-03-22). "Putin's Speech - The Other Side of the Story". Australian First Party. Retrieved 2023-10-08.

Notes

  1. ^ Within the partially-recognized state of Abkhazia, which is recognized by most countries as part of Georgia.
  2. ^ Within the partially-recognized state of South Ossetia, which is recognized by most countries as part of Georgia.
  3. ^ a b c d Within the unrecognised state of Transnistria, which is internationally recognised as part of Moldova. In this region, the Romanian language is constitutionally referred to as "Moldovan" and uses the Cyrillic script.
  4. ^ Within the Luhansk People's Republic, a pro-Russian breakaway region of Ukraine recognised by Russia as Russian territory and formerly as a country.
  5. ^ a b Within Crimea, a region of Ukraine that was annexed by Russia in 2014. Some countries recognise Crimea as part of Russia.
  6. ^ Within the Donetsk People's Republic, a pro-Russian breakaway region of Ukraine recognised by Russia as Russian territory and formerly as a country.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.