List of sovereign states by immigrant and emigrant population

Immigration
General
History and law
Social processes
Political Theories
Causes
Opposition and reform

These are lists of countries by foreign-born population (immigrants) and lists of countries by number native-born persons living in a foreign country (emigrants).

According to the United Nations, in 2019, the United States, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Russia, and France had the largest number of immigrants of any country, while Tuvalu, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, and Tokelau had the lowest. In terms of percentage of population, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Kuwait had the highest, while Cuba, Madagascar, and China had the lowest.

According to estimates from the same UN 2015 report, in 2013, India and Mexico had the highest numbers of native-born persons living in a foreign country, while Tokelau and San Marino had the lowest.

Illegal immigration can be under-reported.[1]

Definition

The United Nations defines "foreign-born" as "born in a country other than that in which one resides" to estimate the international migrant stock, whenever this information is available. In countries lacking data on place of birth, the UN uses the country of citizenship instead.[2]

According to the UN: "Equating international migrants with foreign citizens when estimating the migrant stock has important shortcomings. In countries where citizenship is conferred on the basis of jus sanguinis, people who were born in the country of residence may be included in the number of international migrants even though they may have never lived abroad. Conversely, persons who were born abroad and who naturalized in their country of residence are excluded from the stock of international migrants when using citizenship as the criterion to define international migrants."[2]

Immigrant population by destination

Country Immigrants
2024[3]		 Percentage
of total population		 Percentage female
immigrants
 Afghanistan 98,110 0.2 52.0
 Albania 46,377 1.7 49.0
 Algeria 259,458 0.6 47.2
 American Samoa 23,684 50.6 49.0
 Andorra 48,408 59.1 48.8
 Angola 676,507 1.8 49.5
 Anguilla 5,918 40.5 52.7
 Antigua and Barbuda 30,473 32.5 55.4
 Argentina 1,958,039 4.3 55.1
 Armenia 274,645 9.2 57.0
 Aruba 41,806[4] 38.7 54.5
 Australia 7,111,404 30.1 51.4
 Austria 2,327,064 25.5 52.8
 Azerbaijan 218,460 2.1 52.1
 Bahamas 67,285 16.8 49.4
 Bahrain 840,202 52.3 26.6
 Bangladesh 2,906,338 1.7 48.3
 Barbados 35,187 12.5 55.1
 Belarus 1,054,604 11.6 54.2
 Belgium 2,349,032 20.0 51.0
 Belize 68,706 16.5 49.7
 Benin 418,202 2.9 52.9
 Bermuda 20,171 31.2 50.7
 Bhutan 55,705 7.0 15.1
 Bolivia 183,234 1.5 47.6
 Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba 30,676 100.0 48.5
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 34,120 1.1 53.2
 Botswana 116,402 4.6 43.0
 Brazil 1,406,299 0.7 41.8
 British Virgin Islands 24,520 62.1 51.8
 Brunei Darussalam 119,933 25.9 43.4
 Bulgaria 299,100 4.4 52.7
 Burkina Faso 739,820 3.1 52.4
 Burundi 387,101 2.8 50.7
 Cabo Verde 16,515 3.1 49.4
 Cambodia 83,925 0.5 46.1
 Cameroon 642,948 2.2 50.6
 Canada 8,805,839 23.0 52.6
 Caribbean 1,811,926 4.1 47.6
 Cayman Islands 31,935 42.9 48.6
 Central African Republic 94,556 1.8 47.6
 Chad 1,269,673 6.3 55.6
 Channel Islands 85,539 50.9 52.2
 Chile 1,538,324 7.8 49.1
 China 1,638,718 0.1 51.6
 China, Hong Kong SAR 3,063,318 41.3 62.6
 China, Macao SAR 426,862 59.3 53.6
 Taiwan 1,136,425 4.9 60.5
 Colombia 3,063,518 5.8 50.3
 Comoros 12,449 1.4 51.6
 Congo 385,589 6.1 45.5
 Cook Islands 4,937 36.0 50.0
 Costa Rica 628,404 12.2 49.4
 Croatia 527,831 13.6 54.7
 Cuba 2,144 0.0 56.6
 Curaçao 80,020 43.1 56.4
 Cyprus 202,062 14.9 55.0
 Czechia 1,025,199 9.5 51.2
 Côte d'Ivoire 2,880,839 9.0 40.0
 Dem. People's Republic of Korea 50,439 0.2 50.2
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,085,090 1.0 51.8
 Denmark 847,475 14.2 50.9
 Djibouti 125,996 10.8 47.5
 Dominica 8,440 12.7 47.9
 Dominican Republic 738,667 6.5 39.8
 Ecuador 747,749 4.1 51.7
 Egypt 9,985,453 10.0 47.1
 El Salvador 43,342 0.7 52.4
 Equatorial Guinea 248,930 13.2 22.9
 Eritrea 12,512 0.4 43.9
 Estonia 203,046 14.9 56.5
 Eswatini 33,268 2.7 48.5
 Ethiopia 1,168,455 0.9 49.7
 Falkland Islands 2,333 67.2 44.4
 Faroe Islands 8,101 14.6 48.0
 Fiji 14,362 1.5 46.0
 Finland 514,432 9.2 49.2
 France 9,186,757 13.8 52.3
 French Guiana 130,924 42.4 52.5
 French Polynesia 30,099 10.7 43.0
 Gabon 449,746 17.7 35.7
 Gambia 236,137 8.6 47.2
 Georgia 81,582 2.1 56.1
 Germany 16,750,084 19.8 50.0
 Ghana 532,286 1.5 46.6
 Gibraltar 11,291 28.7 49.5
 Greece 1,423,964 14.2 52.1
 Greenland 5,812 10.4 35.2
 Grenada 7,340 6.3 54.4
 Guadeloupe 89,610 23.9 58.0
 Guam 84,159 50.2 48.4
 Guatemala 92,732 0.5 52.7
 Guinea 117,416 0.8 41.2
 Guinea-Bissau 15,064 0.7 50.6
 Guyana 54,175 6.5 53.5
 Haiti 19,581 0.2 44.4
 Holy See 496 100.0 52.2
 Honduras 39,901 0.4 47.5
 Hungary 250,912 2.6 48.2
 Iceland 98,818 25.1 45.4
 India 4,796,255 0.3 57.1
 Indonesia 445,726 0.2 46.2
 Iran 3,840,654 4.2 52.0
 Iraq 370,980 0.8 44.9
 Ireland 1,216,237 23.1 51.9
 Isle of Man 43,693 51.9 51.2
 Israel 2,091,569 22.3 54.4
 Italy 6,553,671 11.0 53.7
 Jamaica 24,007 0.8 49.2
 Japan 3,409,529 2.8 49.6
 Jordan 3,480,168 33.8 44.3
 Kazakhstan 2,089,797 10.1 59.3
 Kenya 992,536 1.8 49.5
 Kiribati 3,302 2.5 47.2
 Kuwait 3,323,191 67.3 34.0
 Kyrgyzstan 194,816 2.7 59.6
 Laos 51,446 0.7 35.6
 Latvia 220,471 11.8 59.5
 Lebanon 1,422,583 24.5 49.3
 Lesotho 15,039 0.6 45.8
 Liberia 72,423 1.3 42.4
 Libya 897,751 12.2 28.2
 Liechtenstein 27,669 69.4 51.2
 Lithuania 175,194 6.1 47.0
 Luxembourg 344,309 51.2 49.1
 Madagascar 38,625 0.1 43.0
 Malawi 186,719 0.9 51.1
 Malaysia 3,806,514 10.7 22.9
 Maldives 75,099 14.2 12.3
 Mali 545,323 2.2 49.3
 Malta 199,466 37.0 42.4
 Marshall Islands 3,309 8.8 38.7
 Martinique 68,187 19.9 57.5
 Mauritania 195,937 3.8 43.4
 Mauritius 29,142 2.3 44.6
 Mayotte 143,528 44.0 53.7
 Mexico 1,726,089 1.3 47.3
 Micronesia (Fed. States of) 2,894 2.6 46.5
 Monaco 27,106 70.2 51.5
 Mongolia 22,589 0.6 33.2
 Montenegro 92,237 14.4 54.4
 Montserrat 1,402 31.9 48.4
 Morocco 111,069 0.3 48.5
 Mozambique 353,143 1.0 51.2
 Myanmar 79,052 0.1 45.2
 Namibia 116,035 3.8 46.0
 Nauru 2,548 21.3 41.1
 Nepal 470,719 1.6 69.9
 Netherlands 2,956,518 16.2 51.3
  New Caledonia 76,738 26.2 47.7
 New Zealand 1,467,989 28.2 50.9
 Nicaragua 43,757 0.6 48.6
 Niger 449,236 1.7 53.5
 Nigeria 1,403,281 0.6 45.5
 Niue 588 32.3 45.7
 North Macedonia 150,902 8.3 58.0
 Northern Mariana Islands 22,000 49.7 58.0
 Norway 1,012,404 18.2 50.0
 Oman 2,283,366 43.2 19.8
 Pakistan 4,175,958 1.7 48.1
 Palau 5,212 29.5 43.2
 Panama 477,749 10.6 46.7
 Papua New Guinea 31,171 0.3 39.2
 Paraguay 180,837 2.6 47.9
 Peru 1,837,219 5.4 53.8
 Philippines 87,212 0.1 29.7
 Poland 1,739,901 4.5 59.5
 Portugal 1,127,184 10.8 52.1
 Puerto Rico 223,323 6.9 53.5
 Qatar 2,337,000 76.7 22.7
 South Korea 2,650,783 5.2 46.9
 Republic of Moldova 188,207 6.2 58.5
 Romania 655,579 3.4 49.8
 Russia 7,605,774 5.3 50.8
 Rwanda 513,316 3.6 49.4
 Réunion 135,534 15.4 49.3
 Saint Helena 492 9.4 30.1
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 7,958 17.0 47.4
 Saint Lucia 8,079 4.5 52.0
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1,008 17.9 47.6
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4,820 4.8 48.4
 Samoa 3,843 1.8 49.5
 San Marino 5,838 17.4 46.0
 Sao Tome and Principe 1,955 0.8 50.1
 Saudi Arabia 13,683,841 40.3 22.3
 Senegal 281,867 1.5 47.0
 Serbia 712,550 10.6 55.9
 Seychelles 13,261 10.2 30.0
 Sierra Leone 49,997 0.6 43.4
 Singapore 2,841,665 48.7 57.1
 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) 30,148 69.5 52.1
 Slovakia 323,991 5.9 61.4
 Slovenia 315,122 14.9 41.4
 Solomon Islands 2,469 0.3 43.9
 Somalia 77,972 0.4 44.9
 South Africa 2,631,100 4.1 41.9
 South Sudan 914,001 7.7 49.7
 Spain 8,870,527 18.5 51.7
 Sri Lanka 40,698 0.2 47.3
 Palestine 272,481 5.0 54.3
 Sudan 2,397,113 4.8 50.3
 Suriname 51,902 8.2 45.0
 Sweden 2,272,158 21.4 52.0
 Switzerland 2,503,840 28.8 50.3
 Syrian Arab Republic 896,042 3.6 50.2
 Tajikistan 276,777 2.6 56.8
 Thailand 3,179,399 4.4 43.8
 Timor-Leste 8,303 0.6 39.6
 Togo 281,994 3.0 49.3
 Tokelau 1,282 51.2 52.7
 Tonga 3,581 3.4 45.4
 Trinidad and Tobago 113,478 7.5 50.3
 Tunisia 63,201 0.5 47.7
 Turkmenistan 193,763 2.6 52.6
 Turks and Caicos Islands 28,455 61.1 48.2
 Tuvalu 246 2.6 44.7
 Turkey 7,083,501 8.1 50.3
 Uganda 2,057,759 4.1 55.0
 Ukraine 5,064,173 13.4 57.0
 United Arab Emirates 8,157,000 74.0 32.7
 United Kingdom 11,845,479 17.1 48.5
 United Republic of Tanzania 462,371 0.7 50.0
 United States Virgin Islands 56,779 66.9 52.9
 United States of America 52,375,047 15.2 51.1
 Uruguay 160,064 4.7 52.5
 Uzbekistan 1,154,963 3.2 53.2
 Vanuatu 3,315 1.0 50.3
 Venezuela 1,263,304 4.4 50.7
 Vietnam 326,418 0.3 52.8
 Wallis and Futuna Islands 2,032 18.0 49.5
 Western Sahara 5,628 1.0 40.9
 Yemen 392,997 1.0 42.3
 Zambia 249,205 1.2 48.1
 Zimbabwe 429,108 2.6 43.2

Emigrant population

Countries and regions of origin by emigrant population in 2019[5]
Country or region of origin Emigrants Article
World 271,642,105
Other South 7,950,425
Other North 3,407,920
Afghanistan 5,120,756 Afghan diaspora
Albania 1,207,032 Albanian diaspora
Algeria 1,944,784
American Samoa 1,817
Andorra 9,114
Angola 661,590
Anguilla 2,707
Antigua and Barbuda 55,089
Argentina 1,013,414
Armenia 964,848 Armenian diaspora
Aruba 19,640
Australia 577,255 Australian diaspora
Austria 575,950 Austrians Abroad
Azerbaijan 1,155,852 Azerbaijani diaspora
Bahamas 46,467
Bahrain 60,153
Bangladesh 7,835,152 Bangladeshi diaspora
Barbados 112,925
Belarus 1,480,794 Belarusian diaspora
Belgium 581,740
Belize 68,144
Benin 666,357
Bermuda 18,049
Bhutan 49,216
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 878,211
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba 12,764
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,653,056 Bosnian diaspora
Botswana 86,501
Brazil 1,745,339 Brazilian diaspora
British Virgin Islands 5,417
Brunei Darussalam 46,977
Bulgaria 1,541,860 Bulgarian diaspora
Burkina Faso 1,581,083
Burundi 623,999
Cabo Verde 186,372
Cambodia 1,097,884
Cameroon 383,029
Canada 1,323,087 Canadian diaspora
Cayman Islands 1,973
Central African Republic 767,884
Chad 206,400
Channel Islands 22,545
Chile 650,151
China 10,732,281 Chinese diaspora
China, Hong Kong SAR 1,110,358 Emigration from Hong Kong
China, Macao SAR 161,930
Colombia 2,869,032 Colombian diaspora
Comoros 120,297
Congo 239,397
Cook Islands 22,488
Costa Rica 150,400
Côte d'Ivoire 1,114,003
Croatia 990,012 Croatian diaspora
Cuba 1,654,684 Cuban diaspora
Curaçao 123,132
Cyprus 214,648 Greek Cypriot diaspora
Czech Republic 911,388 Czech diaspora
Dem. People's Republic of Korea 113,118 Korean diaspora
Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,684,615
Denmark 255,616
Djibouti 18,668
Dominica 78,634
Dominican Republic 1,558,668
Ecuador 1,183,685 Emigration from Ecuador
Egypt 3,547,626 Egyptian diaspora
El Salvador 1,600,739
Equatorial Guinea 125,670
Eritrea 751,481
Estonia 208,257
Eswatini 108,188
Ethiopia 871,747
Falkland Islands 1,623
Faroe Islands 13,838
Fiji 222,633
Finland 290,006 Finnish diaspora
France 2,296,534 French diaspora
French Guiana 4,555
French Polynesia 1,982
Gabon 46,684
Gambia 118,483
Georgia 852,816 Georgian diaspora
Germany 4,014,203 German diaspora
Ghana 970,625
Gibraltar 14,320
Greece 1,039,257 Greek diaspora
Greenland 18,684
Grenada 75,784
Guadeloupe 11,856
Guam 2,197
Guatemala 1,205,644
Guinea 530,963
Guinea-Bissau 103,587
Guyana 520,196
Haiti 1,585,681
Holy See 217
Honduras 800,707
Hungary 632,126 Hungarian diaspora
Iceland 42,186 Icelandic diaspora
India 17,510,931 Indian diaspora
Indonesia 4,532,992 Indonesian diaspora
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 4,037,258[6] Iranian diaspora
Iraq 2,033,522 Iraqi diaspora
Ireland 816,797 Irish diaspora
Isle of Man 12,809
Israel 369,935 Yordim
Italy 3,077,777 Italian diaspora
Jamaica 1,111,021 Jamaican diaspora
Japan 838,852 Japanese diaspora
Jordan 784,377
Kazakhstan 4,005,587
Kenya 525,437
Kiribati 4,370
Kuwait 205,382
Kyrgyzstan 754,969
Lao People's Democratic Republic 1,347,034 Laotian diaspora
Latvia 332,220 Latvian diaspora
Lebanon 844,158 Lebanese diaspora
Lesotho 341,580
Liberia 219,338
Libya 180,586
Liechtenstein 3,713
Lithuania 610,223
Luxembourg 75,470
Madagascar 184,762
Malawi 324,541
Malaysia 1,689,222 Malaysian diaspora
Maldives 3,053 Maldivian diaspora
Mali 1,264,700
Malta 111,137 Emigration from Malta
Marshall Islands 8,205
Martinique 13,919
Mauritania 128,506
Mauritius 188,344
Mayotte 6,617
Mexico 11,796,178 Emigration from Mexico
Micronesia (Fed. States of) 21,819
Monaco 31,452
Mongolia 73,488 Mongolian diaspora
Montenegro 153,009
Montserrat 22,838
Morocco 3,136,069 Moroccan diaspora
Mozambique 1,013,416
Myanmar 3,699,472 Burmese diaspora
Namibia 195,515
Nauru 2,421
  Nepal 2,285,364 Overseas Nepali
Netherlands 980,753 Dutch diaspora
New Caledonia 5,098
New Zealand 777,303
Nicaragua 682,865
Niger 401,653
Nigeria 1,438,331
Niue 5,593
North Macedonia 658,264 Macedonian diaspora
Northern Mariana Islands 2,764
Norway 202,336 Norwegian diaspora
Oman 24,939
Pakistan 6,303,286 Pakistani diaspora
Palau 2,650
Panama 161,107
Papua New Guinea 219,126
Paraguay 871,638
Peru 1,512,920
Philippines 5,377,337 Overseas Filipinos
Poland 4,446,985 Polish diaspora
Portugal 2,631,559
Puerto Rico 5,807,347 Puerto Rican diaspora[note 1]
Qatar 171,632
Republic of Moldova 1,013,417 Moldovan diaspora
Réunion 133,769
Romania 3,572,794 Romanian diaspora
Russia 10,491,715 Russian diaspora
Rwanda 588,544
Saint Helena 6,596
Saint Kitts and Nevis 124,941
Saint Lucia 63,605
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2,356
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 60,655
Samoa 124,403
San Marino 2,425
Sao Tome and Principe 37,013
Saudi Arabia 296,254
Senegal 642,654
Serbia 950,485 Serbian diaspora
Seychelles 36,788
Sierra Leone 187,102
Singapore 340,751 Overseas Singaporean
Sint Maarten (Dutch part) 29,209
Slovakia 345,683 Slovak diaspora
Slovenia 147,593 Slovene diaspora
Solomon Islands 4,234
Somalia 2,054,377 Somali diaspora
South Africa 824,601 South African diaspora
South Korea 2,176,580 Korean diaspora
South Sudan 2,608,218 South Sudanese diaspora
Spain 1,444,942 Spanish diaspora
Sri Lanka 1,775,768 Sri Lankan diaspora
State of Palestine 3,890,650 Palestinian diaspora
Sudan 2,040,613
Suriname 423,517
Sweden 353,825 Swedish diaspora
 Switzerland 679,796 Swiss abroad
Syrian Arab Republic 8,225,499 Syrian diaspora
Tajikistan 597,959
Thailand 1,020,119
Timor-Leste 39,202
Togo 543,277
Tokelau 2,242
Tonga 74,433
Trinidad and Tobago 334,304
Tunisia 813,213
Turkey 3,493,071 Turkish diaspora
Turkmenistan 260,832
Turks and Caicos Islands 31,033
Tuvalu 3,276
Uganda 734,951
Ukraine 5,901,067 Ukrainian diaspora
United Arab Emirates 154,404 Emirati diaspora
United Kingdom 4,274,998 British diaspora
United Republic of Tanzania 323,173
United States of America 4,779,929 American diaspora[7]
United States Virgin Islands 25,863
Uruguay 633,439 Emigration from Uruguay
Uzbekistan 1,979,523
Vanuatu 7,346
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 2,519,780 Venezuelan diaspora
Vietnam 2,683,954 Overseas Vietnamese
Wallis and Futuna Islands 11,820
Western Sahara 195,572
Yemen 1,267,610 Yemeni diaspora
Zambia 493,087
Zimbabwe 933,654 Zimbabwean diaspora

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The United Nations statistically considers people born in the archipelago and island of Puerto Rico and living in the 50 states of the United States as international migrants, despite the fact that they have been U.S. citizens since the enactment of the Jones–Shafroth Act of 1917.

References

  1. ^ Passel, Jeffrey S.; Krogstad, Jens Manuel (24 April 2025). "What we know about unauthorized immigrants living in the U.S." Pew Research Center. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  2. ^ a b INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT STOCK 2019 DOCUMENTATION
  3. ^ "International Migrant Stock". Population Division. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
  4. ^ "International Migrants day (18 december 2024) – Central Bureau of Statistics". 2024-12-20. Retrieved 2025-04-28.
  5. ^ UN_MigrantStockByOriginAndDestination_2019, Table 1, Line 1715
  6. ^ Published on 21, February, 2021 by Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran).
  7. ^ https://www.fvap.gov/uploads/FVAP/Reports/2018-Overseas-Citizen-Population-Analysis-Report.pdf
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