List of armistices

An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, as it may constitute only a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace.[1] It is derived from the Latin arma, meaning "arms" (as in weapons) and -stitium, meaning "a stopping".[2]

This list of armistices is a general overview of notable armistice treaties.

Pre-19th century

Armistice Signed Effective Party one Party two Notes
Georgian–Mongolian treaty of 1239 1239 1239 Mongol Empire Kingdom of Georgia Ended the Mongol invasions of Georgia
Treaty of Bordeaux 27 April 1243 27 April 1243 Kingdom of France Kingdom of England Ended the Saintonge War; led to a final peace, the Treaty of Paris, which ended the First Hundred Years' War upon being signed on 4 December 1259
Nicaean–Latin Armistice August 1260 August 1260 Empire of Nicaea Latin Empire Ended the Siege of Constantinople
Armistice of Copenhagen 1537 1537 Ended the Danish Count's Feud
Truce of Adrianople 1547 1547 Habsburg monarchy Ottoman Empire Ended the Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1540–1547
Truce of Altmark 26 September 1629 26 September 1629 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Swedish Empire Also known as the Treaty of Stary Targ; ended the Polish–Swedish War; an extension, the Treaty of Stuhmsdorf, was signed on 12 September 1635
Treaty of Stuhmsdorf 12 September 1635 12 September 1635 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Swedish Empire Also known as the Treaty of Sztumska Wieś; extended the Truce of Altmark
Peace of Münster 30 January 1648 30 January 1648 Dutch Republic Spanish Empire Ended the Eighty Years' War
Treaty of Münster 24 October 1648 24 October 1648 Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Part of the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War
Treaty of Osnabrück 24 October 1648 24 October 1648 Swedish Empire Holy Roman Empire Part of the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War
Armistice of Cherasco 28 April 1796 28 April 1796 Kingdom of Sardinia French First Republic
Armistice of Bologna 23 June 1796 23 June 1796 Papal States French First Republic A final peace, the Treaty of Tolentino, was signed on 19 February 1797
Peace of Leoben 18 April 1797 24 May 1797 Holy Roman Empire French First Republic A final peace, the Treaty of Campo Formio, was signed on 17 October 1797
Armistice of March 30, 1798 30 March 1798 30 March 1798 French First Republic Kingdom of Great Britain
Convention of Alessandria 15 June 1800 15 June 1800 Habsburg monarchy French First Republic Also known as the Armistice of Marengo; attempted to end the War of the Second Coalition
Armistice of Steyr 25 December 1800 25 December 1800 Holy Roman Empire French First Republic A final peace, the Treaty of Lunéville, was signed on 9 February 1801

19th century

Armistice Signed Effective Party one Party two Notes
Armistice of Treviso 16 January 1801 16 January 1801 Habsburg monarchy French First Republic A final peace, the Treaty of Lunéville, was signed on 9 February 1801
Armistice of Znaim 12 July 1809 12 July 1809 Austrian Empire First French Empire Led to a final peace, the Treaty of Schönbrunn, which ended the War of the Fifth Coalition upon being signed on 14 October 1809
Truce of Pläswitz 4 June 1813 4 June 1813
First French Empire Also known as the Armistice of Pläswitz
Armistice of Salasco 9 August 1848 9 August 1848 Kingdom of Sardinia Austrian Empire Attempted to end the First Italian War of Independence
Armistice of Malmö 26 August 1848 26 August 1848 Danish Unitary State Kingdom of Prussia Attempted to end the First Schleswig War
Armistice of Vignale 24 March 1849 24 March 1849 Kingdom of Sardinia Austrian Empire A final peace, the Peace of Milan, was signed on 6 August 1849
Armistice of Villafranca 11 July and 12 July 1859 12 July 1859
Austrian Empire Ended the Second Italian War of Independence
Armistice of Cormons 12 August 1866 12 August 1866 Kingdom of Italy Austrian Empire Ended the Third Italian War of Independence; a final peace, the Treaty of Vienna, was signed on 3 October 1866
Armistice of Versailles 28 January 1871 28 January and 31 January 1871 French Third Republic German Empire De facto conditional surrender of the French Third Republic to the German Empire; ended the Franco-Prussian War; a final peace, the Treaty of Frankfurt, was signed on 10 May 1871

Early 20th century

During World War I

Armistice Signed Effective Party one Party two Notes
Armistice of Focșani 9 December 1917 9 December 1917
A final peace, the Treaty of Bucharest, was signed on 7 May 1918
Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 15 December 1917 17 December 1917 Russian Soviet Republic
  • German Empire
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Ottoman Empire
  • Tsardom of Bulgaria
 Attempted to end the Eastern Front of World War I; hostilities were renewed on 18 February 1918, but the state of war came to an end after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918
Armistice of Erzincan 18 December 1917 18 December 1917 Ottoman Empire Transcaucasian Commissariat of the Russian Soviet Republic
Armistice of Salonica 29 September 1918 30 September 1918 Tsardom of Bulgaria Allies of World War I
Armistice of Mudros 30 October 1918 31 October 1918 Ottoman Empire United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Ended fighting in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
Armistice of Villa Giusti 3 November 1918 4 November 1918 Kingdom of Italy Austria-Hungary Ended fighting on the Italian front of World War I
Armistice of 11 November 1918 11 November 1918 11 November 1918 Weimar Republic Allies of World War I Also known as the Armistice of Compiègne, this armistice, upon being signed amid the German revolution of 1918–1919, ended fighting on the Western Front of World War I; the date of its signature is commemorated as Armistice Day;[3] a final peace, the Treaty of Versailles, was signed on 28 June 1919
Armistice of Belgrade 13 November 1918 13 November 1918 French Third Republic Kingdom of Hungary

After World War I

Armistice Signed Effective Party one Party two Notes
Agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan respecting the District of Zanghezour 23 November 1919 23 November 1919 First Republic of Armenia Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Attempted to end the Armenian–Azerbaijani war
Armistice of Mudanya 11 October 1922 13 October 1922 Government of the Grand National Assembly
  • United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
  • French Third Republic
  • Kingdom of Italy
  • Kingdom of Greece (acceded on 13 October 1922)

Mid-20th century

Before World War II

Armistice Signed Effective Party one Party two Notes
Chaco Armistice 19 December 1933 19 December 1933 Bolivia Paraguay Attempted to end the Chaco War

During World War II

Armistice Signed Effective Party one Party two Notes
Moscow Peace Treaty 12 March 1940 13 March 1940 Finland Soviet Union Ended the Winter War
Armistice of 22 June 1940 22 June 1940 25 June 1940 French Third Republic Nazi Germany Also known as the Second Armistice of Compiègne, this armistice ended the Battle of France; no peace treaty was signed
Franco-Italian Armistice 24 June 1940 25 June 1940 French Third Republic Fascist Italy Also known as the Armistice of Villa Incisa; ended the Italian invasion of France
Second Armistice of Belgrade 17 April 1941 18 April 1941 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Worded as an unconditional surrender; on account of its doubtful legality, no peace was signed
Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre 14 July 1941 14 July 1941 United Kingdom Vichy France Also known as the Convention of Acre; ended the Syria–Lebanon campaign
Armistice of Cassibile 3 September 1943 8 September 1943 Kingdom of Italy
Armistice of Malta 29 September 1943 29 September 1943 Kingdom of the South
  • United States
  • United Kingdom
Moscow Armistice 19 September 1944 19 September 1944 Finland
  • Soviet Union
  • United Kingdom
 Ended the Continuation War

After World War II

Armistice Signed Effective Party one Party two Notes
1949 Armistice Agreements 24 February – 20 July 1949 24 February – 20 July 1949 Israel
Ended the 1948 Arab–Israeli War[4] and 1948 Palestine war
Korean Armistice Agreement 27 July 1953 27 July 1953 United Nations Command
Ended the Korean War
Geneva Agreements 21 July 1954 23 July 1954 French Fourth Republic Viet Minh of North Vietnam Ended the First Indochina War
Évian Accords 18 March 1962 19 March 1962 France Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic Ended the Algerian War

Late 20th century

Armistice Signed Effective Party one Party two Notes
Hat Yai Peace Agreement 13 December 1989 13 December 1989
Malayan Communist Party of Malaysia and Singapore Ended the Communist insurgency in Malaysia
Mount Data Peace Accord 13 September 1986 13 September 1986 Philippines Cordillera People's Liberation Army of the Philippines Ended the Cordillera conflict
Implementation Agreement 2 January 1992 3 January 1992 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Croatia Also known as the Sarajevo Agreement; part of the Vance plan, which attempted to end the Croatian War of Independence
Sochi agreement 24 June 1992 and 27 July 1993 24 June 1992 and 27 July 1993 Georgia
Also known as the Dagomys Agreements; ended the South Ossetia war and attempted to end the War in Abkhazia
Washington Agreement 18 March 1994 30 March 1994 Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia Ended the Croat-Bosniak War
Bishkek Protocol 5 May 1994 12 May 1994 Azerbaijan
Ended the First Nagorno-Karabakh War
Lusaka Protocol 20 November 1994 20 November 1994 Angola UNITA Attempted to end the Angolan Civil War
Dayton Agreement 14 December 1995 14 December 1995 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Ended the Bosnian War
Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement 10 July 1999 11 July 1999
Attempted to end the Second Congo War

Early 21st century

Armistice Signed Effective Party one Party two Notes
Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement 8 April 2004 11 April 2004 Sudan
Attempted to end the War in Darfur
Minsk Protocol 5 September 2014 5 September 2014 Ukraine
Also known as Minsk I; attempted to end the war in Donbas
Minsk II 12 February 2015 15 February 2015 Ukraine
  • Russia
  • Donetsk People's Republic
  • Luhansk People's Republic
 Attempted to end the war in Donbas
Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement 15 October 2015 15 October 2015 Myanmar
Attempted to end the Myanmar conflict
Juba Peace Agreement 31 August[5] and 3 October 2020[6] 31 August and 3 October 2020 Sudan
Ended the War in Darfur
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement 9 November 2020 10 November 2020 Azerbaijan Armenia Ended the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
2023 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement 20 September 2023 21 September 2023 Azerbaijan
Ended the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh
2025 Gaza war ceasefire 17 January 2025 19 January 2025 Hamas of Palestine Israel Hostages-and-prisoners exchange and armistice; attempted to end the Gaza war

References

  1. ^ Fisher, Allan G. B. (1944). "The Concept of a "Cooling-Off Period"". American Political Science Review. 38 (1): 104–110. doi:10.2307/1949428. ISSN 0003-0554. JSTOR 1949428. S2CID 147574315.
  2. ^ "Armistice". Dictionary.com.
  3. ^ "The Armistice". The War to End All Wars. FirstWorldWar.com. 1 May 2004. Archived from the original on 5 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
  4. ^ "1949 Armistice". Middle East, Land of Conflict. CNN. Archived from the original on 2007-05-03. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
  5. ^ "Sudan signs peace deal with rebel groups from Darfur". Al Jazeera. 31 August 2020.
  6. ^ "Security Council Press Statement on the Juba Peace Agreement (Sudan) | UN Press". press.un.org. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
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