List of JCP/WCW closed-circuit events and pay-per-view events

This article is about the events originally promoted by the National Wrestling Alliance from 1983–1991. For events since 2017, see List of National Wrestling Alliance pay-per-view events.

This is a list of all closed-circuit television and pay-per-view events held by World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and its predecessor Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP).

From 1983 to 1987, these events aired live on closed-circuit television under the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) banner. Beginning in 1987, the events would air live on pay-per-view television. In November 1988, JCP sold its assets to the Turner Broadcasting System, which rebranded the company as World Championship Wrestling; they would later leave the NWA in 1991. In 1998 and early 1999, PPV events were promoted using the dual WCW/nWo brands.

In 2001, the World Wrestling Federation (now known as WWE) purchased the assets of WCW, including the video libraries of all previous NWA and WCW pay-per-views, and the ownership rights of the names of these events. To date WWE has only promoted one pay-per-view event using the name of a former WCW PPV, The Great American Bash, from 2004 until 2009. In 2012, it was rebooted as a live SmackDown special and in 2020, it was used as a two-week show as part of the NXT brand followed in 2021 by a special episode on one night. Also in 2020, the Halloween Havoc event name would be revived, once again as a special episode of NXT. In 2017, WWE revived the Starrcade name for a non-televised house show and then would show a portion of the 2018 and 2019 iterations of the event on the WWE Network. Both The Great American Bash and Halloween Havoc names would rotate between special episodes and live streaming events as WWE ceased airing NXT pay-per-views from 2022 and has aired solely on the WWE Network and Peacock.

Beginning in 2014, nearly all NWA and WCW pay-per-view events were made available on the WWE Network and Peacock.

NWA (Jim Crockett Promotions) closed-circuit television events

1983

Date Event Venue Location Main event
November 24 Starrcade Greensboro Coliseum Greensboro, North Carolina Harley Race (c) vs. Ric Flair in a Steel Cage match for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship with Gene Kiniski as special guest referee

1984

Date Event Venue Location Main event
November 22 Starrcade Greensboro Coliseum Greensboro, North Carolina Ric Flair (c) vs. Dusty Rhodes for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship with Joe Frazier as special guest referee

1985

Date Event Venue Location Main event
November 28 Starrcade Greensboro Coliseum
The Omni 		Greensboro, North Carolina
Atlanta 		Ric Flair (c) vs. Dusty Rhodes for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship

1986

Date Event Venue Location Main event
November 27 Starrcade Greensboro Coliseum
The Omni 		Greensboro, North Carolina
Atlanta 		Ric Flair (c) vs. Nikita Koloff for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship

NWA (Jim Crockett Promotions) pay-per-view events

1987

Date Event Venue Location Main event
November 26 Starrcade UIC Pavilion Chicago, Illinois Ron Garvin (c) vs. Ric Flair in a Steel Cage match for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship

1988

Date Event Venue Location Main event
January 24 The Bunkhouse Stampede Finals Nassau Coliseum Uniondale, New York Dusty Rhodes vs. Arn Anderson vs. The Barbarian vs. Tully Blanchard vs. Ivan Koloff vs. Lex Luger vs. Road Warrior Animal vs. The Warlord in the Bunkhouse Stampede
July 10 The Great American Bash Baltimore Arena Baltimore, Maryland Ric Flair (c) vs. Lex Luger for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship

NWA (World Championship Wrestling) pay-per-view events

1988

Date Event Venue Location Main event
December 26 Starrcade Norfolk Scope Norfolk, Virginia Ric Flair (c) vs. Lex Luger for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship

1989

Date Event Venue Location Main event
February 20 Chi-Town Rumble UIC Pavilion Chicago, Illinois Ric Flair (c) vs. Ricky Steamboat for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship
May 7 WrestleWar Nashville Municipal Auditorium Nashville, Tennessee Eddie Gilbert and Rick Steiner (c) vs. The Varsity Club (Dan Spivey and Kevin Sullivan for the NWA United States Tag Team Championship
July 23 The Great American Bash Baltimore Arena Baltimore, Maryland Ric Flair (c) vs. Terry Funk for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship
October 28 Halloween Havoc Philadelphia Civic Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ric Flair and Sting vs. The Great Muta and Terry Funk in a Thunderdome match with Bruno Sammartino as special guest referee
December 13 Starrcade The Omni Atlanta, Georgia Ric Flair vs. Sting in an Iron Man tournament match

1990

Date Event Venue Location Main event
February 25 WrestleWar Greensboro Coliseum Greensboro, North Carolina Ric Flair (c) vs. Lex Luger for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship
May 19 Capital Combat D.C. Armory Washington, D.C. Ric Flair (c) vs. Lex Luger in a Steel Cage match for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship
July 7 The Great American Bash Baltimore Arena Baltimore, Maryland Ric Flair (c) vs. Sting for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship
October 27 Halloween Havoc UIC Pavilion Chicago, Illinois Sting (c) vs. Sid Vicious for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship
December 16 Starrcade[1] Kiel Auditorium St. Louis, Missouri Sting (c) vs. The Black Scorpion in a Steel Cage match for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship and to create the new WCW World Heavyweight Championship

WCW pay-per-view events

1991

Date Event Venue Location Main event Notes Ref
February 24 WrestleWar Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum Phoenix, Arizona Larry Zbyszko and The Four Horsemen (Barry Windham, Ric Flair and Sid Vicious) vs. Brian Pillman, Sting and The Steiner Brothers (Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner) in a WarGames match
March 21 (aired April) Japan Supershow I Tokyo Dome Tokyo, Japan Tatsumi Fujinami (IWGP) vs. Ric Flair (NWA/WCW) in a Title-for-Title match for the IWGP Heavyweight Championship and the WCW and NWA World Heavyweight Championships Co-produced with New Japan Pro-Wrestling
May 19 SuperBrawl I Bayfront Arena St. Petersburg, Florida Ric Flair (WCW) vs. Tatsumi Fujinami (NWA) for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship and the NWA World Heavyweight Championship
July 14 The Great American Bash Baltimore Arena Baltimore, Maryland Rick Steiner vs. Arn Anderson and Paul E. Dangerously in a Steel Cage match
October 27 Halloween Havoc UTC Arena Chattanooga, Tennessee Lex Luger (c) vs. Ron Simmons in a two-out-of-three falls match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
December 29 Starrcade Norfolk Scope Norfolk, Virginia Battlebowl Battle Royal

1992

Date Event Venue Location Main event Notes Ref
January 4 (aired March) Japan Supershow II Tokyo Dome Tokyo, Japan Sting and The Great Muta vs. The Steiner Brothers (Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner) Co-produced with New Japan Pro-Wrestling
February 29 SuperBrawl II Milwaukee Theatre at the MECCA Milwaukee, Wisconsin Lex Luger (c) vs. Sting for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
May 17 WrestleWar Jacksonville Memorial Coliseum Jacksonville, Florida Sting's Squadron (Barry Windham, Dustin Rhodes, Nikita Koloff, Ricky Steamboat and Sting) vs. The Dangerous Alliance (Arn Anderson, Bobby Eaton, Larry Zbyszko, Rick Rude and Steve Austin) in a WarGames match
June 20 Beach Blast Mobile Civic Center Mobile, Alabama The Steiner Brothers (Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner) (c) vs. The Miracle Violence Connection (Steve Williams and Terry Gordy) for the WCW World Tag Team Championship
July 12 The Great American Bash Albany Civic Center Albany, Georgia The Miracle Violence Connection (Steve Williams and Terry Gordy) vs. Barry Windham and Dustin Rhodes in a tournament final for the vacant NWA World Tag Team Championship
October 25 Halloween Havoc Philadelphia Civic Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Sting vs. Jake Roberts in a coal miner's glove match
December 28 Starrcade The Omni Atlanta, Georgia Battlebowl Battle Royal

1993

Date Event Venue Location Main event
January 4 (aired March) Japan Supershow III Tokyo Dome Tokyo, Japan Sting vs. Hiroshi Hase Co-produced with New Japan Pro-Wrestling
February 21 SuperBrawl III Asheville Civic Center Asheville, North Carolina Big Van Vader vs. Sting in a White Castle of Fear Strap match
May 23 Slamboree The Omni Atlanta, Georgia Big Van Vader (c) vs. Davey Boy Smith for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
July 18 Beach Blast Mississippi Coast Coliseum Biloxi, Mississippi The Superpowers (Davey Boy Smith and Sting) vs. The Masters of the Powerbomb (Big Van Vader and Sid Vicious)
September 19 Fall Brawl Astro Arena Houston, Texas The Superpowers (Sting and Davey Boy Smith), Dustin Rhodes, and The Shockmaster vs. Harlem Heat (Kole and Kane) and The Masters of the Powerbomb (Big Van Vader and Sid Vicious) in a WarGames match
October 24 Halloween Havoc Lakefront Arena New Orleans, Louisiana Big Van Vader vs. Cactus Jack in a Texas Deathmatch
November 20 Battlebowl Pensacola Civic Center Pensacola, Florida Battlebowl Battle Royal
December 27 Starrcade Independence Arena Charlotte, North Carolina Big Van Vader (c) vs. Ric Flair in a Title vs. Career match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship

1994

Date Event Venue Location Main event Notes Ref
February 20 SuperBrawl IV Albany Civic Center Albany, Georgia Ric Flair (c) vs. Vader in a Thundercage match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
April 17 Spring Stampede Rosemont Horizon Rosemont, Illinois Ric Flair (c) vs. Ricky Steamboat for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
May 22 Slamboree Philadelphia Civic Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Sting vs. Vader for the vacant WCW International World Heavyweight Championship
July 17 Bash at the Beach Orlando Arena Orlando, Florida Ric Flair (c) vs. Hulk Hogan for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
September 18 Fall Brawl Roanoke Civic Center Roanoke, Virginia The Stud Stable (Arn Anderson, Bunkhouse Buck, Col. Robert Parker and Terry Funk) vs. Dustin Rhodes, Dusty Rhodes and The Nasty Boys (Brian Knobbs and Jerry Sags) in a WarGames match
October 23 Halloween Havoc Joe Louis Arena Detroit, Michigan Hulk Hogan (c) vs. Ric Flair in a Steel Cage match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship with Mr. T as special guest referee
November 6 When Worlds Collide Los Angeles, California Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena Perro Aguayo vs. Konnan in a steel cage match Co-produced with Asistencia, Asesoría y Administración de Espectáculos [2]
December 27 Starrcade Nashville Municipal Auditorium Nashville, Tennessee Hulk Hogan (c) vs. The Butcher for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship

1995

Date Event Venue Location Main event Notes Ref
February 19 SuperBrawl V Baltimore Arena Baltimore, Maryland Hulk Hogan (c) vs. Vader for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
March 19 Uncensored Tupelo Coliseum Tupelo, Mississippi Hulk Hogan vs. Vader in a Leather Strap match
April 28–29 (aired August 4) Collision in Korea May Day Stadium Pyongyang, North Korea Antonio Inoki vs. Ric Flair Co-produced with New Japan Pro-Wrestling
May 21 Slamboree Bayfront Arena St. Petersburg, Florida The Mega Powers (Hulk Hogan and Randy Savage) vs. Ric Flair and Vader
June 18 The Great American Bash Hara Arena Dayton, Ohio Randy Savage vs. Ric Flair
July 16 Bash at the Beach "The Beach" Huntington Beach, California Hulk Hogan (c) vs. Vader in a Steel Cage match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
September 17 Fall Brawl Asheville Civic Center Asheville, North Carolina Hulk Hogan, Lex Luger, Randy Savage and Sting vs. The Dungeon of Doom (Kamala, Meng, Shark and Zodiac) in a WarGames match
October 29 Halloween Havoc Joe Louis Arena Detroit, Michigan Hulk Hogan (c) vs. The Giant for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
November 26 World War 3 Norfolk Scope Norfolk, Virginia 60-man World War 3 Battle Royal
December 27 Starrcade Nashville Municipal Auditorium Nashville, Tennessee Randy Savage (c) vs. Ric Flair for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship

1996

Date Event Venue Location Main event
February 11 SuperBrawl VI Bayfront Arena St. Petersburg, Florida Hulk Hogan vs. The Giant in a Steel Cage match
March 24 Uncensored Tupelo Coliseum Tupelo, Mississippi THe Alliance to End Hulkamania (Ric Flair, Arn Anderson, Meng, The Barbarian, Lex Luger, The Taskmaster, Z-Gangsta and The Ultimate Solution) vs. The Mega Powers (Hulk Hogan and Randy Savage) in a Doomsday Cage match
May 19 Slamboree Riverside Centroplex Baton Rouge, Louisiana The Giant (c) vs. Sting for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
June 16 The Great American Bash Baltimore Arena Baltimore, Maryland The Giant (c) vs. Lex Luger for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
July 7 Bash at the Beach Ocean Center Daytona Beach, Florida Hulk Hogan and The Outsiders (Kevin Nash and Scott Hall) vs. Randy Savage, Sting and Lex Luger
August 10 Hog Wild Sturgis Motorcycle Rally Sturgis, South Dakota The Giant (c) vs. Hollywood Hogan for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
September 15 Fall Brawl Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum Winston-Salem, North Carolina Team WCW (Arn Anderson, Lex Luger, Ric Flair and Sting) vs. nWo (Hollywood Hogan, Kevin Nash, nWo Sting and Scott Hall) in a WarGames match
October 27 Halloween Havoc MGM Grand Garden Arena Paradise, Nevada Hollywood Hogan (c) vs. Randy Savage for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
November 24 World War 3 Norfolk Scope Norfolk, Virginia 60-man World War 3 Battle Royal
December 29 Starrcade Nashville Municipal Auditorium Nashville, Tennessee Hollywood Hogan vs. Roddy Piper

1997

nWo-branded event
Date Event Venue Location Main event
January 25 Souled Out Five Seasons Center Cedar Rapids, Iowa Hollywood Hogan (c) vs. The Giant for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
February 23 SuperBrawl VII Cow Palace Daly City, California Hollywood Hogan (c) vs. Roddy Piper for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
March 16 Uncensored North Charleston Coliseum North Charleston, South Carolina Team Piper (Chris Benoit, Jeff Jarrett, Roddy Piper and Steve McMichael) vs. Team WCW (Lex Luger, Rick Steiner, Scott Steiner, and The Giant) vs. nWo (Hollywood Hogan, Kevin Nash, Randy Savage and Scott Hall) in a Triangle Elimination match
April 6 Spring Stampede Tupelo Coliseum Tupelo, Mississippi Diamond Dallas Page vs. Randy Savage in a No Disqualification match
May 18 Slamboree Independence Arena Charlotte, North Carolina Kevin Greene, Ric Flair and Roddy Piper vs. nWo (Kevin Nash, Scott Hall and Syxx)
June 15 The Great American Bash The MARK of the Quad Cities Moline, Illinois Diamond Dallas Page vs. Randy Savage in a Falls Count Anywhere match
July 13 Bash at the Beach Ocean Center Daytona Beach, Florida Dennis Rodman and Hollywood Hogan vs. Lex Luger and The Giant
August 9 Road Wild Sturgis Motorcycle Rally Sturgis, South Dakota Lex Luger (c) vs. Hollywood Hogan for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
September 14 Fall Brawl Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum Winston-Salem, North Carolina The Four Horsemen (Chris Benoit, Curt Hennig, Ric Flair and Steve McMichael) vs. The nWo (Buff Bagwell, Kevin Nash, Konnan and Syxx) in a WarGames match
October 26 Halloween Havoc MGM Grand Garden Arena Paradise, Nevada Hollywood Hogan vs. Roddy Piper in a Steel Cage match
November 23 World War 3 The Palace of Auburn Hills Auburn Hills, Michigan 60-man World War 3 Battle Royal
December 28 Starrcade MCI Center Washington, D.C. Hollywood Hogan (c) vs. Sting for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship

1998

WCW/nWo co-branded event
Date Event Venue Location Main event
January 24 Souled Out Hara Arena Dayton, Ohio Lex Luger vs. Randy Savage
February 22 SuperBrawl VIII Cow Palace Daly City, California Hollywood Hogan vs. Sting for the vacant WCW World Heavyweight Championship
March 15 Uncensored Mobile Civic Center Mobile, Alabama Hollywood Hogan vs. Randy Savage in a Steel Cage match
April 19 Spring Stampede Denver Coliseum Denver, Colorado Sting vs. Randy Savage in a No Disqualification match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
May 17 Slamboree The Centrum Worcester, Massachusetts The Outsiders (Kevin Nash and Scott Hall) (c) vs. Sting and The Giant for the WCW World Tag Team Championship
June 14 The Great American Bash Baltimore Arena Baltimore, Maryland Sting (c) vs. The Giant (c) for control of the WCW World Tag Team Championship
July 12 Bash at the Beach Cox Arena San Diego, California Dennis Rodman and Hollywood Hogan vs. Diamond Dallas Page and Karl Malone
August 8 Road Wild Sturgis Motorcycle Rally Sturgis, South Dakota Diamond Dallas Page and Jay Leno vs. Eric Bischoff and Hollywood Hogan
September 13 Fall Brawl Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum Winston-Salem, North Carolina Team WCW (Diamond Dallas Page, Roddy Piper and The Warrior) vs. nWo Hollywood (Bret Hart, Hollywood Hogan and Stevie Ray) vs. nWo Wolfpac (Kevin Nash, Lex Luger and Sting) in a WarGames match
October 25 Halloween Havoc MGM Grand Garden Arena Paradise, Nevada Goldberg (c) vs. Diamond Dallas Page for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
November 22 World War 3 The Palace of Auburn Hills Auburn Hills, Michigan Diamond Dallas Page (c) vs. Bret Hart for the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship
December 27 Starrcade MCI Center Washington, D.C. Goldberg (c) vs. Kevin Nash for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship

1999

WCW/nWo co-branded event
Date Event Venue Location Main event
January 17 Souled Out Charleston Civic Center Charleston, West Virginia Goldberg vs. Scott Hall in a Stun Gun ladder match
February 21 SuperBrawl IX Oakland Arena Oakland, California Hollywood Hogan (c) vs. Ric Flair for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
March 14 Uncensored Freedom Hall Louisville, Kentucky Hollywood Hogan (c) vs. Ric Flair in a Barbed Wire Steel Cage First Blood match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
April 11 Spring Stampede Tacoma Dome Tacoma, Washington Ric Flair (c) vs. Diamond Dallas Page vs. Hollywood Hogan vs. Sting for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship with Randy Savage as special guest referee
May 9 Slamboree TWA Dome St. Louis, Missouri Diamond Dallas Page (c) vs. Kevin Nash for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
June 13 The Great American Bash Baltimore Arena Baltimore, Maryland Kevin Nash (c) vs. Randy Savage for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
July 11 Bash at the Beach National Car Rental Center Fort Lauderdale, Florida Kevin Nash (c) and Sting vs. Randy Savage and Sid Vicious for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
August 14 Road Wild Sturgis Motorcycle Rally Sturgis, South Dakota Hulk Hogan (c) vs. Kevin Nash in a Retirement match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
September 12 Fall Brawl Lawrence Joel Veterans Memorial Coliseum Winston-Salem, North Carolina Hulk Hogan (c) vs. Sting for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
October 24 Halloween Havoc MGM Grand Garden Arena Paradise, Nevada Sting (c) vs. Goldberg for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
November 21 Mayhem Air Canada Centre Toronto, Ontario, Canada Bret Hart vs. Chris Benoit in a tournament final for the vacant WCW World Heavyweight Championship
December 19 Starrcade MCI Center Washington, D.C. Bret Hart (c) vs. Goldberg in a No Disqualification match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship

2000

Date Event Venue Location Main event
January 16 Souled Out Firstar Center Cincinnati, Ohio Sid Vicious vs. Chris Benoit for the vacant WCW World Heavyweight Championship with Arn Anderson as special guest referee
February 20 SuperBrawl 2000 Cow Palace Daly City, California Sid Vicious (c) vs. Jeff Jarrett vs. Scott Hall for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
March 19 Uncensored American Airlines Arena Miami, Florida Hulk Hogan vs. Ric Flair in a Yappapi Indian Strap match
April 16 Spring Stampede United Center Chicago, Illinois Diamond Dallas Page vs. Jeff Jarrett in a tournament final for the vacant WCW World Heavyweight Championship
May 7 Slamboree Kemper Arena Kansas City, Missouri David Arquette (c) vs. Diamond Dallas Page vs. Jeff Jarrett in a Triple Cage match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
June 11 The Great American Bash Baltimore Arena Baltimore, Maryland Jeff Jarrett (c) vs. Kevin Nash for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
July 9 Bash at the Beach Ocean Center Daytona Beach, Florida Jeff Jarrett (c) vs. Hollywood Hogan for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
Jeff Jarrett (c) vs. Booker T for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
August 13 New Blood Rising Pacific Coliseum Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Booker T (c) vs. Jeff Jarrett for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
September 17 Fall Brawl HSBC Arena Buffalo, New York Kevin Nash (c) vs. Booker T in a Caged Heat match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
October 29 Halloween Havoc MGM Grand Garden Arena Paradise, Nevada Goldberg vs. KroniK (Brian Adams and Bryan Clark)
November 16 Millennium Final Arena Oberhausen Oberhausen, Germany Sting vs. Kevin Nash for the WCW European Cup with Axel Schulz as special guest referee
November 26 Mayhem Wisconsin Center Arena Milwaukee, Wisconsin Scott Steiner (c) vs. Booker T in a Straitjacket Caged Heat match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
December 17 Starrcade MCI Center Washington, D.C. Scott Steiner (c) vs. Sid Vicious for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship

2001

Date Event Venue Location Main event
January 14 Sin Conseco Fieldhouse Indianapolis, Indiana Scott Steiner (c) vs. Jeff Jarrett vs. Sid Vicious vs. Road Warrior Animal for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
February 18 SuperBrawl Revenge Nashville Municipal Auditorium Nashville, Tennessee Scott Steiner (c) vs. Kevin Nash in a Two-out-of-Three Falls Loser Leaves WCW match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship
March 18 Greed Jacksonville Memorial Coliseum Jacksonville, Florida Scott Steiner (c) vs. Diamond Dallas Page in a Falls Count Anywhere match for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship

See also

References

  1. ^ The first wrestling pay-per-view event under the World Championship Wrestling (WCW) banner and the last wrestling pay-per-view event under the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) banner.
  2. ^ "Historical Cards". PWI Presents: 2007 Wrestling Almanak and book of facts. Kappa Publications. p. 160. 2007 Edition.

Footnotes

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.