List of Syrian coups d'état

Several coups d'état have taken place throughout the modern history of Syria.

List

Syrian coups d'état
Coup d'état Brief description Refs.
March 1949 Syrian coup d'état A bloodless coup and the first coup in the nation's modern history. The coup was led by Husni al-Za'im and led to the overthrow of president Shukri al-Quwatli. [1][2]
August 1949 Syrian coup d'état A coup led by Sami al-Hinnawi that overthrew Husni al-Za'im. [1][3]
December 1949 Syrian coup d'état A coup led by Adib Shishakli, overthrowing the four-month rule of Sami al-Hinnawi. [1][4]
1951 Syrian coup d'état A coup led by Adib Shishakli, forcing president Hashim al-Atassi and prime minister Maarouf al-Dawalibi to resign. The civilian government was replaced with a military dictatorship. [1]
1954 Syrian coup d'état A coup led by Hashim al-Atassi and Sultan al-Atrash to remove Adib Shishakli from power. A civilian government was restored. [1][5]
1961 Syrian coup d'état An uprising by Syrian Army officers resulting in the break-up of the United Arab Republic and the creation of the Second Syrian Republic. [1][6]
1962 Syrian coup attempt A failed coup led by Abdul Karim al-Nahlawi against Nazim al-Qudsi. [7]
1963 Syrian coup d'état A coup resulting in the seizure of power by the Syrian branch of the Ba'ath Party. [1][8][9]
1966 Syrian coup d'état The National Command of the Ba'ath Party was removed from power by the Syrian Ba'ath Party, led by Salah Jadid. [1][10]
Corrective Movement A 1970 bloodless coup led by Hafez al-Assad, resulting in ideological revisionism in the Ba'ath Party. [9]
1984 Syrian coup attempt A failed coup in which Rifaat al-Assad attempted to overthrow his brother, Hafez al-Assad. Conflict was averted and Rifaat was exiled from 1984 until 2021. [11][12]
Fall of the Assad regime A major event of the Syrian Civil War resulting in the 2024 overthrow of Ba'athist Syria by the Syrian opposition, spearheaded by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham and the Syrian National Army.
Bashar al-Assad fled to Russia following the fall of Damascus and the Syrian caretaker government was established. 		[13][14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Syrian Civil War - Timelines of events". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  2. ^ Moubayed, Sami (29 March 2009). "Keeping an eye on Syria: March 29, 1949". Mideastviews.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012.
  3. ^ Ross, Albion (1949-08-15). "President, Premier of Syria Are Killed in Officers' Coup; Zayim Regime Overthrown by Leaders of Army -- Hard Fight Reported Zayim and Barazi Meet Death in Syrian Coup d'Etat KILLED IN SYRIA". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  4. ^ "The first coup of Adib Shishakli – Colonels' movement of 1949". Syrian Modern History (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2024-11-07. Retrieved 2025-04-06.
  5. ^ "Adib Shishakli and the Possibility of a Coup in Syria". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  6. ^ Oron, Yitzhak; Shmuelevitz, Aryeh; Dann, Uriel; Amzalak, Naomi; Avi-Ad, Shmuel; Gabbay, Rony; Luntz, Yosef; Porat, Yenoshua; Unger, Aryeh; Yadlin, Rivka (1961). "Chapter 18: The United Arab Republic (Al-Gumhuriyah al-Arabiyah al-Muttahidah)". Written at Jerusalem, Israel. In Elath, Eliahu (ed.). Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961. Middle East Record. Vol. II (1st ed.). Jerusalem: The Moshe Dayan Center/Reuven Shiloah Research Center (Tel Aviv University)/Israel Program for Scientific Translations/Israel Oriental Society (University of Jerusalem)/The Jerusalem Post Press/Gano Press. pp. 577–692. OCLC 19956240. Retrieved 19 May 2021 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ "100 LEADERS HELD AFTER SYRIA COUP; President and Premier Are Jailed--Cairo Tie Denied". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  8. ^ "Syrian Coup Again To Put Arab Unity to Test". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  9. ^ a b History, Sefa Secen / Made by (2024-12-17). "Syria Needs to Overcome Its History". TIME. Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  10. ^ "Syria (1946-present)". University of Central Arkansas. Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  11. ^ Randal, Jonathan C. (1984-04-08). "Tanks in Damascus Streets Reflect Syrian Power Struggle". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  12. ^ "Syrian president allows exiled uncle to return to Syria, report says". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  13. ^ "The swift fall of Syria's Assad brings moments inconceivable under his iron rule". AP News. 2024-12-10. Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  14. ^ "Syrian President Bashar al-Assad flees Damascus, whereabouts unknown | The Jerusalem Post". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2024-12-08. Retrieved 2025-06-17.
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