List of Opuntia species
The genus Opuntia is within the tribe Opuntieae of the subfamily Opuntioideae, in the family Cactaceae.
List
Species of Opuntia currently accepted, with approximate native ranges, include:[1]
| Image | Flower | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution | Cytology[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opuntia abjecta Small ex Britton & Rose | Florida (Keys) | 2n = 22, 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia aciculata Griffiths | Chenille prickly pear, old man's whiskers, cowboy's red whiskers | Texas to Mexico (Nuevo León) | 2n = 44 | ||
| Opuntia altomagdalenensis Xhonneux | Colombia | ||||
| Opuntia amarilla Griffiths | Mexico (Guanajuato to Hidalgo) | 2n = 88 | |||
| Opuntia anahuacensis Griffiths | Texas | ||||
| Opuntia arechavaletae Speg. | S. Brazil to NE. Argentina | ||||
| Opuntia arenariaEngelm. | W. Texas | ||||
| Opuntia atrispina Griffiths | SW. Texas to Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila) | 2n = 22, 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia auberi Pfeiff. | Mexico to Central America, Cuba. | ||||
| Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl. | NE. Argentina to Uruguay | 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia aurea E.M.Baxter | S. Utah to N. Arizona | 2n=66 | |||
| Opuntia aureispina (S.Brack & K.D.Heil) Pinkava & B.D.Parfitt | SW. Texas to Mexico (Coahuila) | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia austrina Small | Central Florida | ||||
| Opuntia azurea Rose | NE. Mexico (to Veracruz and Jalisco) | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow | beavertail cactus | SW. U.S.A. to Mexico (Baja California Norte, Sonora) | 2n=22 | ||
| Opuntia bonaerensis Speg. | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to NE. Argentina | ||||
| Opuntia bonplandii (Kunth) F.A.C.Weber | Ecuador. | 2n = 88 | |||
| Opuntia bravoana E.M.Baxter | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia caboensis F.Mercado & León de la Luz | Mexico (Baja California Sur). | ||||
| Opuntia camanchica Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow | SE. California to W. Oklahoma and W. & S. Texas | 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia canterae Arechav. | SW. & S. Uruguay | ||||
| Opuntia caracassana Salm-Dyck | S. Caribbean to Colombia | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia cespitosa Raf. | SE. Canada to E. Central & E. U.S.A. | ||||
| Opuntia chaffeyi Britton & Rose | NE. Mexico | 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia chiangiana Scheinvar & Manzanero | Mexico (Oaxaca) | ||||
| Opuntia chisosensis (M.S.Anthony) D.J.Ferguson | Texas to Mexico (Coahuila) | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow | pancake prickly pear | native to southwest USA and the Sonoran and Mojave deserts | 2n=22 | ||
| Opuntia clarkiorum Rebman | Mexico (Baja California Norte) | ||||
| Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill. | Mexico. | ||||
| Opuntia colubrina A. Cast | Argentina | ||||
| Opuntia crassa Haw. | Mexico (México State to Guanajuato). | 2n = 88 | |||
| Opuntia crystalenia Griffiths | Mexico (Tabasco) | ||||
| Opuntia cubensis Britton & Rose | Cuba | 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia curassavica (L.) Mill. | Caribbean to N. Venezuela | ||||
| Opuntia curvispina Griffiths | S. Nevada to SE. California and W. & N. Arizona. | 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia deamii Rose | Mexico (Chiapas) to Honduras | ||||
| Opuntia decumbens Salm-Dyck | El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico Central, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá | ||||
| Opuntia dejecta Salm-Dyck | Mexico to Nicaragua, Cuba | ||||
| Opuntia delafuentiana Martínez-Gonz., Luna-Vega, Gallegos & García-Sand. | Mexico (Hidalgo) | ||||
| Opuntia depressa Rose | SW. & Central Mexico (to Veracruz) | ||||
| Opuntia diploursina Stock, N.Hussey & Beckstrom | Grand Canyon and Lake Mead National Recreation Area | 2n=22 | |||
| Opuntia discolor Britton & Rose | Bolivia to N. Argentina | ||||
| Opuntia drummondii Graham | Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas | ||||
| Opuntia dulcis Engelm. | New Mexico to W. Texas. | 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia eichlamii Rose | Mexico (Chiapas) to Guatemala | 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia elata Link & Otto ex Salm-Dyck | S. Bolivia to Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and N. to Argentina | 2n = 22, 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia elatior Mill. | S. Caribbean, Costa Rica to Venezuela | 2n = 22, 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia elizondoana E.Sánchez & Villaseñor | Mexico (Guanajuato to San Luis Potosí). | 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. | Engelmann's prickly pear, cow's-tongue prickly pear, desert prickly pear, discus prickly pear, Texas prickly pear, calico cactu | Arizona, California, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Mexico | 2n=66 | ||
| Opuntia erinacea Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow | California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah and N. Mexico | ||||
| Opuntia escuintlensis (Matuda) Lodé | Mexico (Chiapas) | ||||
| Opuntia excelsa Sánchez-Mej. | Mexico (to Sinaloa) | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia feroacantha Britton & Rose | Mexico (Sinaloa to Michoacán) | ||||
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. | Indian fig opuntia | Mexico (Oaxaca) | 2n = 22 | ||
| Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. | little prickly pear, brittle cactus | the Great Plains, parts of the Midwest and in several Canadian provinces, up to 56°N | 2n = 66 | ||
| Opuntia fuliginosa Griffiths | Mexico | 2n = 88 | |||
| Opuntia galapageia Hensl. | Galápagos prickly pear | Galápagos Islands | 2n = 66 | ||
| Opuntia gallegiana Scheinvar & Olalde | Mexico (Zacatecas). | ||||
| Opuntia gosseliniana F.A.C.Weber | violet prickly pear | Arizona to Mexico (Sonora) | 2n = 22 | ||
| Opuntia guatemalensis Britton & Rose | Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca), Nicaragua | ||||
| Opuntia guilanchi Griffiths | Mexico | ||||
| Opuntia hitchcockii J.G.Ortega | Mexico (Sinaloa, Nayarit) | ||||
| Opuntia hondurensis Standl. | Honduras | ||||
| Opuntia howeyi J.A.Purpus | Mexico (Zacatecas) | ||||
| Opuntia huajuapensis Bravo | Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca) | ||||
| Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. | eastern prickly pear | humid regions of Eastern United States and northerly regions into Canada, Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí) | n = 22, 2n=44 | ||
| Opuntia hyptiacantha F.A.C.Weber | Mexico. | 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia inaequilateralis A.Berger | Peru. | 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia inaperta (Schott ex Griffiths) D.R.Hunt | SE. Mexico (to Veracruz) | ||||
| Opuntia jaliscana Bravo | Mexico | ||||
| Opuntia jamaicensis Britton & Harris | Jamaica | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia kingstoniana Guiggi | Jamaica. | ||||
| Opuntia lagunae E.M.Baxter | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | ||||
| Opuntia lasiacantha Pfeiff. | Mexico | 2n = 88 | |||
| Opuntia leucotricha DC. | arborescent prickly pear, Aaron's beard cactus, semaphore cactus, Duraznillo blanco, nopal blanco | N. & W. Mexico | 2n = 44 | ||
| Opuntia littoralis (Engelm.) Cockerell | coastal prickly pear, sprawling prickly pear | California to Mexico (Baja California Norte) | 2n = 66 | ||
| Opuntia lutea (Rose) D.R.Hunt | Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas), Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua | ||||
| Opuntia mackensenii Rose | Texas | 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia macrocentra Engelm. | black-spined prickly pear, purple prickly pear | southwest USA and northern Mexico | 2n = 22 | ||
| Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. | Plains prickly pear | Great Plains except for the northernmost areas (not found in North Dakota), and extending sporadically eastward as far as Kentucky | 2n = 22, 2n=44 | ||
| Opuntia mantaroensis Guiggi | Peru | ||||
| Opuntia martiniana (L.D.Benson) B.D.Parfitt | Arizona | ||||
| Opuntia matudae Scheinvar | xoconostle | Mexico | 2n = 66 | ||
| Opuntia maxima Mill. | Central & SW. Mexico | ||||
| Opuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck | Mexico (to Jalisco) | 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia megapotamica Arechav. | Argentina, Brazil , Uruguay | ||||
| Opuntia megarrhiza Rose | Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí) | 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia mesacantha Raf. | United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia) | ||||
| Opuntia microdasys (Lehm.) Pfeiff. | bunny ears cactus, polka-dot cactus | Mexico | 2n = 22 | ||
| Opuntia militaris Britton & Rose | Cuba | ||||
| Opuntia monacanthos (Willd.) Haw. | common prickly pear | Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay | |||
| Opuntia nemoralis Griffiths | United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Texas) | ||||
| Opuntia nicholii L.D.Benson | United States (Arizona, Nevada, Utah ) | ||||
| Opuntia ochrocentra Small ex Britton & Rose | Florida (Big Pine Key) | 2n = 55 | |||
| Opuntia orbiculata Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff. | United States (Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas), Mexico | 2n = 22, 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia oricola Philbrick | California to Mexico (Baja California Norte) | 2n = 33, 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia pachyrrhiza H.M.Hern., Gómez-Hin. & Bárcenas | Mexico (Nuevo León, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí) | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia parviclada S.Arias & Gama | Mexico (Puebla, Oaxaca) | ||||
| Opuntia peckii J.A.Purpus | Mexico | ||||
| Opuntia perotensis Scheinvar, Olalde & Gallegos | Mexico (Veracruz) | ||||
| Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. | tulip prickly pear, includes plateau prickly pear, brown-spined prickly pear, Mojave prickly pear, Kingman prickly pear | United States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah), Mexico | 2n=66 | ||
| Opuntia pilifera F.A.C.Weber | Central Mexico (to Oaxaca) | 2n = 88 | |||
| Opuntia pinkavae B.D.Parfitt | Pinkava prickly pear | SW. Utah to NW. Arizona | 2n=88 | ||
| Opuntia pittieri Britton & Rose | Colombia | ||||
| Opuntia polyacantha Haw. | Plains prickly pear, Starvation Prickly pear, Panhandle prickly pear | the Great Plains, Great Basin, Mojave Desert, Colorado Plateau, and the Rocky Mountains | 2n=22, 2n=44 | ||
| Opuntia pottsii Salm-Dyck | SE. Arizona to W. Texas and NE. Mexico | 2n = 44 , 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia preciadoae Scheinvar, Olalde, Gallegos & J.Morales S. | N. Mexico | ||||
| Opuntia puberula Pfeiff. | Mexico to Guatemala | 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia pubescens H.L.Wendl. ex Pfeiff. | Mexico to Venezuela and Paraguay | 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia pycnantha Engelm. | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | ||||
| Opuntia quimilo K.Schum. | Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia quitensis F.A.C.Weber | Red Buttons opuntia | Colombia, Ecuador, Peru | 2n=22, 2n =44 | ||
| Opuntia rastrera F.A.C.Weber | Mexico (to Veracruz and Jalisco) | 2n = 66 | |||
| Opuntia repens Bello | Hispaniola to Virgin Islands | 2n = 22, 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia retrorsa Speg. | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay | ||||
| Opuntia ritteri A.Berger | Mexico (Zacatecas) | ||||
| Opuntia robinsonii J.G.Ortega | N. & W. Mexico | ||||
| Opuntia robusta H.L.Wendl. ex Pfeiff. | Mexico | 2n = 22, 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia rufida Engelm. | SW. Texas to NE. Mexico | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia rzedowskii Scheinvar | Mexico (México D.F.) | 2n = 88 | |||
| Opuntia sanguinea Proctor | Jamaica | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia scheeri F.A.C.Weber | NE. Mexico (to Jalisco) | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia schumannii F.A.C.Weber ex A.Berger | Colombia, Venezuela | ||||
| Opuntia setocarpa Arreola-Nava, Guzm.-Hern. & Cuevas | Mexico (Jalisco) | ||||
| Opuntia sierralagunensis León de la Luz & F.Mercado | Mexico (Baja California Sur). | ||||
| Opuntia soederstromiana Britton & Rose | Colombia, Ecuador | 2n = 88 | |||
| Opuntia spinosibacca M.S.Anthony | SW. Texas to Mexico (Coahuila) | ||||
| Opuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck | E. & Central Mexico | ||||
| Opuntia stenarthra K.Schum. | E. Bolivia to Central Paraguay and NE. Argentina | ||||
| Opuntia stenopetala Engelm. | NE. Mexico (to Veracruz) | ||||
| Opuntia streptacantha Lem. | Mexico to Guatemala | ||||
| Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. | erect prickly pear, spineless prickly pear | SE. U.S.A. to E. & S. Mexico | 2n = 66 | ||
| Opuntia strigil Engelm. | W. Texas to NE. Mexico | 2n = 22, 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia sulphurea G.Don ex Salm-Dyck | Bolivia to Uruguay. | 2n = 22 | |||
| Opuntia tapona Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | ||||
| Opuntia tehuacana S.Arias & U.Guzmán | Mexico (Puebla, Oaxaca) | ||||
| Opuntia tehuantepecana (Bravo) Bravo | Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas). | ||||
| Opuntia tezontepecana Gallegos & Scheinvar | Mexico (Hidalgo) | ||||
| Opuntia tomentosa Salm-Dyck | Mexico to Honduras | ||||
| Opuntia tortispina Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow | United States (Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming ) | 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia triacanthos (Willd.) Sweet | Puerto Rico to Lesser Antilles. | ||||
| Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill. | Mexico, S. Jamaica | 2n = 44 | |||
| Opuntia tunoidea Gibbes | Coastal South Carolina | ||||
| Opuntia velutina F.A.C.Weber | Mexico. | ||||
| Opuntia wilcoxii Britton & Rose | Mexico | ||||
| Opuntia zacuapanensis A.Berger | Mexico (Veracruz) | ||||
| Opuntia zamudioi Scheinvar | Mexico (Querétaro, San Luis Potosí) | 2n = 88 |
Natural Hybrids
| Image | Flower | Scientific name | Parentage | Distribution | Cytology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opuntia × aequatorialis Britton & Rose | O. pubescens × O. soederstromiana | Ecuador | |||
| Opuntia × alta Griffiths | O. engelmannii var. lindheimeri × O. stricta | SE. Texas to SW. Louisiana | |||
| Opuntia × andersonii H.M.Hern., Gómez-Hin. & Bárcenas | O. engelmannii × O. microdasys | NE. Mexico | |||
| Opuntia × carstenii R.Puente & C.Hamann | O. microdasys × O. stenopetala | Mexico (Coahuila) | |||
| Opuntia × charlestonensis Clokey | O. phaeacantha × O. polyacantha var erinacea. | Nevada | |||
| Opuntia × cochinera Griffiths | O. microdasys × O. stenopetala | Mexico (Coahuila) | |||
| Opuntia × coloradensis D.J.Barnett & Donnie Barnett | O. fragilis × O. polyacantha var. hystricina. | Colorado | |||
| Opuntia × columbiana Griffiths | O. fragilis × O. polyacantha | W. Canada to NW. U.S.A | |||
| Opuntia × cristalensis Oakley, Font & M.Köhler | O. elata var. obovata × O. ficus-indica. | Argentina | |||
| Opuntia × debreczyi Szutorisz | O. fragilis × O. polyacantha. | SW. Wyoming to NW. New Mexico | |||
| Opuntia × demissa Griffiths | O. littoralis × O. oricola | California | |||
| Opuntia × occidentalis Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow | O. engelmannii × O. littoralis × O. phaeacantha. | SW. California to Mexico (Baja California) | |||
| Opuntia × rooneyi M.P.Griff. | O. aureispina × O. macrocentra. | SW. Texas | |||
| Opuntia × vaseyi (J.M.Coult.) Britton & Rose | O. aurea × O. pinkavae | SW. Utah | |||
| Opuntia × woodburyi (W.H.Earle ex S.L.Welsh) Stock | O. littoralis × O. phaeacantha | SW. California |
References
- ^ "Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. 2020-05-29. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
- ^ Majure, Lucas C.; Puente, Raul; Pinkava, Donald J. (2012). "Miscellaneous Chromosome Numbers in Opuntieae Dc. (Cactaceae) with a Compilation of Counts for the Group". Haseltonia. 18: 67–78. doi:10.2985/026.018.0109. ISSN 1070-0048.
External links
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